Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture...Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of the two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US, and the EU. The results show how the OECD dataset, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may distort production and trade. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers, the implications for modeling and policy analysis are of interest to economists, and the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policies.展开更多
目的以2014年至2018年欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统(rapid alert system for foodand feed,RASFF)通报数据为基础,以食品接触材料对华通报数据为研究对象,分析我国出口食品接触材料及制品的质量安全状况。方法从不同通报类型、通报材质...目的以2014年至2018年欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统(rapid alert system for foodand feed,RASFF)通报数据为基础,以食品接触材料对华通报数据为研究对象,分析我国出口食品接触材料及制品的质量安全状况。方法从不同通报类型、通报材质、通报国家、通报项目等维度进行了对华通报食品接触材料及制品质量安全状况分析。结果研究显示拒绝入境通报类型最多,塑料和金属材质产品是问题最突出,意大利是最主要的通报国,重金属超标、甲醛迁移量超标、初级芳香胺超标等问题最严重。结论应及时关注法律法规和预警信息,出口生产企业严格规范执行标准,政府部门完善我国法律法规标准、强化产品风险管理。展开更多
文摘Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of the two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US, and the EU. The results show how the OECD dataset, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may distort production and trade. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers, the implications for modeling and policy analysis are of interest to economists, and the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policies.
文摘目的以2014年至2018年欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统(rapid alert system for foodand feed,RASFF)通报数据为基础,以食品接触材料对华通报数据为研究对象,分析我国出口食品接触材料及制品的质量安全状况。方法从不同通报类型、通报材质、通报国家、通报项目等维度进行了对华通报食品接触材料及制品质量安全状况分析。结果研究显示拒绝入境通报类型最多,塑料和金属材质产品是问题最突出,意大利是最主要的通报国,重金属超标、甲醛迁移量超标、初级芳香胺超标等问题最严重。结论应及时关注法律法规和预警信息,出口生产企业严格规范执行标准,政府部门完善我国法律法规标准、强化产品风险管理。