A new method for direct numerical simulation of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is studied in the paper. The compact finite difference and the non-linear terms upwind compact finite difference schemes on non-un...A new method for direct numerical simulation of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is studied in the paper. The compact finite difference and the non-linear terms upwind compact finite difference schemes on non-uniform meshes in x and y directions are developed respectively. With the Fourier spectral expansion in the spanwise direction, three-dimensional N-S equation are converted to a system of two-dimensional explicit-implicit The treatment of equations. The third-order mixed scheme is employed the three-dimensional for time integration. non-reflecting outflow boundary conditions is presented, which is important for the numerical simulations of the problem of transition in boundary layers, jets, and mixing layer. The numerical results indicate that high accuracy, stabilization and efficiency are achieved by the proposed numerical method. In addition, a theory model for the coherent structure in a laminar boundary layer is also proposed, based on which the numerical method is implemented to the non-linear evolution of coherent structure. It is found that the numerical results of the distribution of Reynolds stress, the formation of high shear layer, and the event of ejection and sweeping, match well with the observed characteristics of the coherent structures in a turbulence boundary layer.展开更多
近些年,我国成功开发了以煤为原料的甲醇制烯烃(Methanol to Olefins,MTO)生产工艺和技术,带动煤制烯烃产业的快速发展,保障了国家能源安全。流化床式反应器是MTO工业生产的核心反应装置,通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics...近些年,我国成功开发了以煤为原料的甲醇制烯烃(Methanol to Olefins,MTO)生产工艺和技术,带动煤制烯烃产业的快速发展,保障了国家能源安全。流化床式反应器是MTO工业生产的核心反应装置,通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法深入认知MTO流化床内的流化特性规律具有重要的意义,它可以从理论上更加准确地指导MTO流化床的优化与放大。本工作采用基于宏观-亚网格层次的气泡EMMS曳力和传统TFM耦合计算的多尺度CFD方法,对工业尺度MTO流化床内的多相流化行为进行了三维数值模拟。模拟结果表明,该多尺度CFD方法考虑了气泡结构对气-固相间曳力的影响,能较准确地预测MTO流化床内轴向颗粒浓度的"S-型"分布规律,且得到实验数据的验证;所预测的径向颗粒浓度分布呈现出经典的"环-核"分布规律,气体/颗粒的轴向时均速度在径向上的分布也与实际情况相互佐证,表明该多尺度CFD方法显著改善了基于均匀曳力的传统TFM对于宏观流场的预测能力。下一步工作将多尺度CFD方法拓展应用于MTO流化床优化放大及反应特性的研究。展开更多
Backward wave oscillators （BWOs） driven by intense relativistic electron beams are very efficient means of producing high-power microwaves. However, the efficiency of conventional BWO is lower than 30%. An X-band ov...Backward wave oscillators （BWOs） driven by intense relativistic electron beams are very efficient means of producing high-power microwaves. However, the efficiency of conventional BWO is lower than 30%. An X-band oversized BWO with non-uniform slow wave structure is designed to improve RF output characteristics. In particle-in-cell simulation, a high power microwave with a power of 8.0 GW and efficiency of 40% is obtained, compared with that of 30% obtained in a conventional relativistic BWO.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No:10272040) and Doctor Foundation of Education Ministry (Grant No:20050294003)
文摘A new method for direct numerical simulation of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is studied in the paper. The compact finite difference and the non-linear terms upwind compact finite difference schemes on non-uniform meshes in x and y directions are developed respectively. With the Fourier spectral expansion in the spanwise direction, three-dimensional N-S equation are converted to a system of two-dimensional explicit-implicit The treatment of equations. The third-order mixed scheme is employed the three-dimensional for time integration. non-reflecting outflow boundary conditions is presented, which is important for the numerical simulations of the problem of transition in boundary layers, jets, and mixing layer. The numerical results indicate that high accuracy, stabilization and efficiency are achieved by the proposed numerical method. In addition, a theory model for the coherent structure in a laminar boundary layer is also proposed, based on which the numerical method is implemented to the non-linear evolution of coherent structure. It is found that the numerical results of the distribution of Reynolds stress, the formation of high shear layer, and the event of ejection and sweeping, match well with the observed characteristics of the coherent structures in a turbulence boundary layer.
文摘近些年,我国成功开发了以煤为原料的甲醇制烯烃(Methanol to Olefins,MTO)生产工艺和技术,带动煤制烯烃产业的快速发展,保障了国家能源安全。流化床式反应器是MTO工业生产的核心反应装置,通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法深入认知MTO流化床内的流化特性规律具有重要的意义,它可以从理论上更加准确地指导MTO流化床的优化与放大。本工作采用基于宏观-亚网格层次的气泡EMMS曳力和传统TFM耦合计算的多尺度CFD方法,对工业尺度MTO流化床内的多相流化行为进行了三维数值模拟。模拟结果表明,该多尺度CFD方法考虑了气泡结构对气-固相间曳力的影响,能较准确地预测MTO流化床内轴向颗粒浓度的"S-型"分布规律,且得到实验数据的验证;所预测的径向颗粒浓度分布呈现出经典的"环-核"分布规律,气体/颗粒的轴向时均速度在径向上的分布也与实际情况相互佐证,表明该多尺度CFD方法显著改善了基于均匀曳力的传统TFM对于宏观流场的预测能力。下一步工作将多尺度CFD方法拓展应用于MTO流化床优化放大及反应特性的研究。
文摘Backward wave oscillators （BWOs） driven by intense relativistic electron beams are very efficient means of producing high-power microwaves. However, the efficiency of conventional BWO is lower than 30%. An X-band oversized BWO with non-uniform slow wave structure is designed to improve RF output characteristics. In particle-in-cell simulation, a high power microwave with a power of 8.0 GW and efficiency of 40% is obtained, compared with that of 30% obtained in a conventional relativistic BWO.
基金Project(52074021)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017YFC1503104)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China。
