Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a model organism for understanding host-pathogen interactions and infection-mediated carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer and H. pylori colonization indicates the strong correlation. The pr...Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a model organism for understanding host-pathogen interactions and infection-mediated carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer and H. pylori colonization indicates the strong correlation. The progression and exacerbation of H. pylori infection are influenced by some factors of pathogen and host. Several virulence factors involved in the proper adherence and attenuation of immune defense to contribute the risk of emerging gastric cancer, therefore analysis of them is very important. H. pylori also modulates inflammatory and autophagy process to intensify its pathogenicity. From the host regard, different genetic factors particularly affect the development of gastric cancer. Indeed, epigenetic modifications, Micro RNA and long non-coding RNA received more attention. Generally, various factors related to pathogen and host that modulate gastric cancer development in response to H. pylori need more attention due to develop an efficacious therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this paper will present a brief overview of host-pathogen interaction especially emphases on bacterial virulence factors, interruption of host cellular signaling, the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.The poorly prognosis and survival of GC are due to diagnose in an advanced,non-curable stage and with a limited response to chemothera...Gastric cancer(GC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.The poorly prognosis and survival of GC are due to diagnose in an advanced,non-curable stage and with a limited response to chemotherapy.The acquisition of drug resistance accounts for the majority of therapy failure of chemotherapy in GC patients.Although the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance have been broadly studied,the regulation of these mechanisms has not been completely understood.Accumulating evidence has recently highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs,in the development and maintenance of drug resistance due to their regulatory features in specific genes involved in the chemoresistant phenotype of GC.We review the literature on ncRNAs in drug resistance of GC.This review summarizes the current knowledge about the ncRNAs’characteristics,their regulation of the genes involved in chemoresistance and their potential as targeted therapies for personalized treatment in resistant GC.展开更多
Genomic imprinting,representing parent-specific expression of alleles at a locus,is mainly evident in flowering plants and placental mammals.Most imprinted genes,including numerous non-coding RNAs,are located in clust...Genomic imprinting,representing parent-specific expression of alleles at a locus,is mainly evident in flowering plants and placental mammals.Most imprinted genes,including numerous non-coding RNAs,are located in clusters regulated by imprinting control regions(ICRs).The acquisition and evolution of genomic imprinting is among the most fundamental genetic questions.Discoveries about the transition of mammalian imprinted gene domains from their non-imprinted ancestors,especially recent studies undertaken on the most ancient mammalian clades-the marsupials and monotremes from which model species genomes have recently been sequenced,are of high value.By reviewing and analyzing these studies,a close connection between non-coding RNAs and the acquisition of genomic imprinting in mammals is demonstrated.The evidence comes from two observations accompanied with the acquisition of the imprinting:(i) many novel non-coding RNA genes emerged in imprinted regions;(ii) the expressions of some conserved non-coding RNAs have changed dramatically.Furthermore,a systematical analysis of imprinted snoRNA(small nucleolar RNA) genes from 15 vertebrates suggests that the origination of imprinted snoRNAs occurred after the divergence between eutherians and marsupials,followed by a rapid expansion leading to the fixation of major gene families in the eutherian ancestor prior to the radiation of modern placental mammals.Involved in the regulation of imprinted silencing and mediating the chromatins epigenetic modification may be the major roles that non-coding RNAs play during the acquisition of genomic imprinting in mammals.展开更多
Neuropsychiatric disorders represent a set of severe and complex mental illnesses,and the exact etiologies of which are unknown.It has been well documented that impairments in the early development of the brain contri...Neuropsychiatric disorders represent a set of severe and complex mental illnesses,and the exact etiologies of which are unknown.It has been well documented that impairments in the early development of the brain contribute to the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders.Currently,the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders largely relies on subjective cognitive assessment,because there are no widely accepted biochemical or genetic biomarkers for diagnosing mental illness.Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a closed-loop structure.In recent years,there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the expression profiles and biological roles of circRNAs.In the brain,circRNAs are particularly enriched and are expressed more abundantly in contrast to linear counterpart transcripts.They are highly active at neuronal synapses.These features make circRNAs uniquely crucial for understanding brain health,disease,and neuropsychiatric disorders.This review focuses on the role of circRNAs in early brain development and other brain-related processes that have been associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.In addition,we discuss the potential for blood or cerebrospinal fluid circRNAs to be used as novel biomarkers in the early diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders.The findings reviewed here may provide new insight into the pathological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders.展开更多
细菌非编码小RNA（non-coding small RNA,简称sRNA）是一类长度为40~500个核苷酸,在基因组中被转录但不编码蛋白质的一类RNA分子。它们大多数在Hfq的协助下,通过碱基配对识别靶标mRNA,在转录后水平调节基因的表达,是细菌代谢、群体感应...细菌非编码小RNA（non-coding small RNA,简称sRNA）是一类长度为40~500个核苷酸,在基因组中被转录但不编码蛋白质的一类RNA分子。它们大多数在Hfq的协助下,通过碱基配对识别靶标mRNA,在转录后水平调节基因的表达,是细菌代谢、群体感应和适应环境变化及毒力基因表达的重要调节因子。本文对sRNA的分类及功能作如下综述。展开更多
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a model organism for understanding host-pathogen interactions and infection-mediated carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer and H. pylori colonization indicates the strong correlation. The progression and exacerbation of H. pylori infection are influenced by some factors of pathogen and host. Several virulence factors involved in the proper adherence and attenuation of immune defense to contribute the risk of emerging gastric cancer, therefore analysis of them is very important. H. pylori also modulates inflammatory and autophagy process to intensify its pathogenicity. From the host regard, different genetic factors particularly affect the development of gastric cancer. Indeed, epigenetic modifications, Micro RNA and long non-coding RNA received more attention. Generally, various factors related to pathogen and host that modulate gastric cancer development in response to H. pylori need more attention due to develop an efficacious therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this paper will present a brief overview of host-pathogen interaction especially emphases on bacterial virulence factors, interruption of host cellular signaling, the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Grant,No.81070378,and No.81270561Sichuan Outstanding Youth Fund Project Grant,No.2015JQ0060
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.The poorly prognosis and survival of GC are due to diagnose in an advanced,non-curable stage and with a limited response to chemotherapy.The acquisition of drug resistance accounts for the majority of therapy failure of chemotherapy in GC patients.Although the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance have been broadly studied,the regulation of these mechanisms has not been completely understood.Accumulating evidence has recently highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs,in the development and maintenance of drug resistance due to their regulatory features in specific genes involved in the chemoresistant phenotype of GC.We review the literature on ncRNAs in drug resistance of GC.This review summarizes the current knowledge about the ncRNAs’characteristics,their regulation of the genes involved in chemoresistance and their potential as targeted therapies for personalized treatment in resistant GC.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30830066)the Ministry of Education of China and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No.IRT0447,NSF-05200303)National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2005CB724600)
文摘Genomic imprinting,representing parent-specific expression of alleles at a locus,is mainly evident in flowering plants and placental mammals.Most imprinted genes,including numerous non-coding RNAs,are located in clusters regulated by imprinting control regions(ICRs).The acquisition and evolution of genomic imprinting is among the most fundamental genetic questions.Discoveries about the transition of mammalian imprinted gene domains from their non-imprinted ancestors,especially recent studies undertaken on the most ancient mammalian clades-the marsupials and monotremes from which model species genomes have recently been sequenced,are of high value.By reviewing and analyzing these studies,a close connection between non-coding RNAs and the acquisition of genomic imprinting in mammals is demonstrated.The evidence comes from two observations accompanied with the acquisition of the imprinting:(i) many novel non-coding RNA genes emerged in imprinted regions;(ii) the expressions of some conserved non-coding RNAs have changed dramatically.Furthermore,a systematical analysis of imprinted snoRNA(small nucleolar RNA) genes from 15 vertebrates suggests that the origination of imprinted snoRNAs occurred after the divergence between eutherians and marsupials,followed by a rapid expansion leading to the fixation of major gene families in the eutherian ancestor prior to the radiation of modern placental mammals.Involved in the regulation of imprinted silencing and mediating the chromatins epigenetic modification may be the major roles that non-coding RNAs play during the acquisition of genomic imprinting in mammals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81871052(to CJZ)the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China,No.17JCZDJC35700(to CJZ)+2 种基金the Tianjin Health Bureau Foundation of China,No.2014KR02(to CJZ)the Zhejiang Public Welfare Fund Project of China,No.LGF18H090002(to DGJ)the Key Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau of China,No.ZS2017011
文摘Neuropsychiatric disorders represent a set of severe and complex mental illnesses,and the exact etiologies of which are unknown.It has been well documented that impairments in the early development of the brain contribute to the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders.Currently,the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders largely relies on subjective cognitive assessment,because there are no widely accepted biochemical or genetic biomarkers for diagnosing mental illness.Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a closed-loop structure.In recent years,there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the expression profiles and biological roles of circRNAs.In the brain,circRNAs are particularly enriched and are expressed more abundantly in contrast to linear counterpart transcripts.They are highly active at neuronal synapses.These features make circRNAs uniquely crucial for understanding brain health,disease,and neuropsychiatric disorders.This review focuses on the role of circRNAs in early brain development and other brain-related processes that have been associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.In addition,we discuss the potential for blood or cerebrospinal fluid circRNAs to be used as novel biomarkers in the early diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders.The findings reviewed here may provide new insight into the pathological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders.
文摘细菌非编码小RNA（non-coding small RNA,简称sRNA）是一类长度为40~500个核苷酸,在基因组中被转录但不编码蛋白质的一类RNA分子。它们大多数在Hfq的协助下,通过碱基配对识别靶标mRNA,在转录后水平调节基因的表达,是细菌代谢、群体感应和适应环境变化及毒力基因表达的重要调节因子。本文对sRNA的分类及功能作如下综述。
