By using RAPD technique,testes genomic DNA from T.aurea and T.nilotica were analysed.With 20 primers,249 fragments were attained, and the similarity percentage between two species of fish is 89.96%. Species specific f...By using RAPD technique,testes genomic DNA from T.aurea and T.nilotica were analysed.With 20 primers,249 fragments were attained, and the similarity percentage between two species of fish is 89.96%. Species specific fragments were produced respectively by primers OPZ 14 and OPZ 18 between two species of fish.It is suggested that these fragments may be used as molecular markers in fish′s species展开更多
Tannin was extracted from different subspecies of Acacia nilotica,Acacia nilotica nilotica(Ann),Acacia nilotica tomentosa(Ant)and Acacia nilotica adansonii(Ana).The aim was to elucidate their structure and evaluate th...Tannin was extracted from different subspecies of Acacia nilotica,Acacia nilotica nilotica(Ann),Acacia nilotica tomentosa(Ant)and Acacia nilotica adansonii(Ana).The aim was to elucidate their structure and evaluate their reactivity as bioadhesives in the wood industry.The extracts were prepared by hot water extraction(90°C tem-perature).Their gel time with paraformaldehyde was used atfirst to compare their reactivity.The tannin contents and the percentage of total polyphenolic materials in different solutions of the extracts spray dried powder were determined by the hide powder method.Concentrated solutions(47%)were tested by both MALDI ToF,13CNMR.The thermomechanical analysis(TMA)was performed to evaluate their modulus of elasticity(MOE)at different pHs.The gel times of all the three tannin extracts showed that their reactivity and it was com-parable to other known procyanidin/prodelphinidin tannin extract types.Ana,Ann and Ant showed highest per-cent of total polyphenolic materials at 70%,64%,and 57%,respectively.The 13CNMR spectra showed that the three subspecies of condensed tannins were mainly constituted of procyanidins(PC)and prodelphinidins(PD)in slightly different ratios.Ann(56.5%PC and 43.4%PD),Ant(57%PC and 43%PD)and Ana(58%PC and 42%PD).MALDI–TOF spectra showed the presence offlavonoid monomers,and oligomers some of which linked to short carbohydrates monomers or dimers.TMA revealed that the three types of tannins had high MOE at their initial pH(5).展开更多
The functional response of Cydonia vicina nilotica Muls. （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） to six densities of Aphis craccivora Koch （Homoptera： Aphididae） nymphs on broad bean （Viciafaba Linn.） was investigated in ...The functional response of Cydonia vicina nilotica Muls. （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） to six densities of Aphis craccivora Koch （Homoptera： Aphididae） nymphs on broad bean （Viciafaba Linn.） was investigated in the laboratory. A linear relationship between the rate of consumption and prey density was observed with r^2 values between 0.58 and 0.97. Plotting prey density against prey killed by four larval instars, and adult males and females of C. vicina nilotica fit well with the type Ⅱ model of Holling＇ s disc equation. Adult females consumed the highest number of prey, followed by fourth instars and adult males. Based on the functional response data, the model predicts a maximum of 144.9, 116.3, 86.2, 80.0, 72.5 and 20.0 nymphs to be consumed per day by an individual adult female, fourth instar, adult male, third, second and first instars, respectively. The differences in the responses of the predator to aphid densities are discussed.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate antiulcer potential of Acacia nilotica in different ulcer models in rats.Methods:Different extracts[ethanolie,50%hydroethanolic(50:50),70% hydroethanolic(70:30) and aqueous]of youn...Objective:To systematically evaluate antiulcer potential of Acacia nilotica in different ulcer models in rats.Methods:Different extracts[ethanolie,50%hydroethanolic(50:50),70% hydroethanolic(70:30) and aqueous]of young seedless pods were examined in pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcers in rats.Various parameters like,volume of gastric acid secretion,pH,free acidity,total acidity,ulcer index,mucin content and antioxidant studies were determined and were compared between extract treated,standard and vehicle control following ulcer induction. The most active extract was also evaluated in swimming stress induced and NSAID induced gastric ulceration.Results:Among different extracts of young seedless pods only hydroethanolic extracts showed significant antiulcer activity in pyloric ligation induced ulceration.Even more the 70%hydroethanolic extract showed better protection as compared to 50%hydroethanolic extract.Further 70%hydroethanolic extract also showed significant mucoprotection in swimming stress induced and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs induced gastric ulceration.Conclusions: The results of present study concluded that the hydroethanolic extract of young seedless pods of Acacia nilotica has antiulcer activity in pylorus ligation,swimming stress and NSAID induced rat ulcer models.The extract containing more amount of phenolic components show high antiulcer activity,indicating the phenolic component of the extract to be responsible for the activity of the extracts.展开更多
Traditional medicine is a reliable source for treating many diseases in Sudan.It is widely recognized in Sudan,as no Sudanese house is devoid of medicinal herbs.The Sudanese people and their historical stock of knowle...Traditional medicine is a reliable source for treating many diseases in Sudan.It is widely recognized in Sudan,as no Sudanese house is devoid of medicinal herbs.The Sudanese people and their historical stock of knowledge are distinguished by their knowledge and the many applications of herbs in treatment.This reference paper aims to collect all the available information about the use of medicinal plants in Sudan to treat disease or prevent it.Sudanese medicinal plants include a variety of plants and there are many medicinal applications for these plants in the world.According to the information reached by the paper,there are many therapeutic medical applications of these plants in the treatment of various bacterial infections,including digestive diseases,malaria,diabetes,rheumatic pain,respiratory diseases,jaundice,urinary tract infections,wounds,cancer and various microbial infections,according to the information reached by the paper.This reference is for a few groups of Sudanese medicinal plants such as tamarind,hibiscus,Acacia nilotica,Combretum hartmannianum,and Guiera senegalensis,etc.This review article also showed that these plants contain many biologically active substances as active ingredients,including flavonoids,saponins,alkaloids,stimulants,terpenes,tannins,fatty acids and essential oils.Even though Sudanese people use herbal medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses,more research is needed to show that these plants are safe and effective for people to use.For example,phytochemical analysis,biochemical activity tests and toxicology studies should be done to show that these plants are safe and effective for people to use.展开更多
The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of two photosynthetic bacteria （PSB）, Rhodopseudomonas palustris HZ0301 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides HZ0302, as probiotics in aquaculture. The viability of HZ...The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of two photosynthetic bacteria （PSB）, Rhodopseudomonas palustris HZ0301 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides HZ0302, as probiotics in aquaculture. The viability of HZ0301 and HZ0302 in simulated gastric transit conditions （pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 gastric juices） and in simulated small intestinal transit conditions （pH 8.0, with or without 0.3% bile salts） was tested. The effects of HZ0301 and HZ0302 on the viability and permeability of intestinal epithelial cell in primary culture of tilapias, Oreochrornis nilotica, were also detected. All the treatments were deter- mined with three replicates. The simulated gastric transit tolerance of HZ0301 and HZ0302 strains was pH-dependent and correspondingly showed lower viability at pH 2.0 after 180 min compared with pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. Both HZ0301 and HZ0302 were tolerant to simulated small intestine transit with or without bile salts in our research. Moreover, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05） among three treatments including the control and the groups treated with HZ0301 or HZ0302 both in intestinal epithelial cell viability and membrane permeability, showing no cell damage. In summary, this study demonstrated that HZ0301 and HZ0302 had high capacity of upper gastrointestinal transit tolerance and were relatively safe for intestinal epithelial cells of tilapias.展开更多
The intra-population phylogenetic relationship between Micropterus salmoides and Tilapia nilotica was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （ RAPD） technique. The results showed that the similar coefficient o...The intra-population phylogenetic relationship between Micropterus salmoides and Tilapia nilotica was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （ RAPD） technique. The results showed that the similar coefficient of bands between M. salmoides and T. nilotica was 0.236, and the genetic distance was 0. 764, which indicated that M. salmoides had a distant relationship with T. nilotica.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of ...Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of five plant species orally for 2 h(acute) or 14 days(chronic). In acute model blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In the chronic model blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on day 15 to estimate blood glucose level. And the body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver and kidney enzymes were measured. Histopathological observations of liver sections were also studied.Results: In the case of acute treatment, aqueous extracts of Tinospora bakis(T. bakis), Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) and Randia nilotica(R. nilotica) at 400 mg/kg significantly lowered(P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats whereas, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 400 mg/kg of T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis proved to have significant(P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effect and have the capacity to correct the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Histopathological studies showed that the aqueous extracts of these four plants reinforced the healing of liver. However, Striga hermonthica aqueous extract did not exert any antihyperglycemic effect to diabetic rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications and thus supporting the traditional uses of these plants in Sudanese traditional medicine.展开更多
Fynbos plant communities developed under geographic and climatic conditions unique to South Africa. Acacia karroo is the most widespread tree species, well known for its drought tolerance. A. nilotica exudes a good qu...Fynbos plant communities developed under geographic and climatic conditions unique to South Africa. Acacia karroo is the most widespread tree species, well known for its drought tolerance. A. nilotica exudes a good quality gum which is edible and suitable for confectionery. The two species have been introduced to China but little is known about their adaptability under the new environmental conditions. For our present study, the growth potential and physiological and biochemical parameters of the two spe- cies in response to cold stress were investigated. The results, measured as seed qualities （purity, thousand seed weights, germination, etc.） show differences between A. karroo and A. nilotica. The seed germination rate was between 10% and 60%. Seedlings were es- tablished in fields, pots and plugs. Those in the field grew well during the growing season but completely died in the winter. Those in pots or plugs were moved to and managed in the greenhouse. The plants were green in winter. The electrical conductivity of cells, the contents of water soluble sugars, proteins, malondialdehyde （MDA） increased during eight hours of low temperature treatment at 4℃ The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） decreased markedly during the eight hours of 4℃ treatment. We conclude that A. karroo and A. nilotica have little adaptability to the cold winter weather and cannot survive in the outdoors in the Beijing area, but could grow well indoors as ornamentals.展开更多
The removal of cobalt ion from aqueous solution by Acacia nilotica leaf carbon(HAN), is described. Effect of p H,agitation time and initial concentration on adsorption capacities of HAN was investigated in a batch mod...The removal of cobalt ion from aqueous solution by Acacia nilotica leaf carbon(HAN), is described. Effect of p H,agitation time and initial concentration on adsorption capacities of HAN was investigated in a batch mode. The adsorption process, which is p H dependent, shows maximum removal of cobalt in the p H range 5 for an initial cobalt concentration of 50 mg·L–1The experimental data have been analyzed by using the Freundlich, Langmuir,Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The batch sorption kinetics have been tested for a pseudofirst order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models. The rate constants of adsorption for all these kinetic models have been calculated. Results showed that the intraparticle diffusion and initial sorption of Co(Ⅱ) into HAN was the main rate limiting step. The adsorption of cobalt ion was confirmed through instrumental analyses such as scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The desorption and recycling ability of HAN were also found. We conclude that HAN can be used for the efficient removal of cobalt from aqueous solution.展开更多
The effects of different inorganic fertilizers （Urea and Triple Super Phosphate （TSP）） on seedling growth and nodulation capabilities of four agroforestry tree species （Albizia chinensis, A. saman, Acacia nilotic...The effects of different inorganic fertilizers （Urea and Triple Super Phosphate （TSP）） on seedling growth and nodulation capabilities of four agroforestry tree species （Albizia chinensis, A. saman, Acacia nilotica and Sesbania sesban） were compared. The nodulation of these seedlings were treated with different fertilizer treatments （at the rate of urea 40 kg·hm^-2, urea 80 kg·hm^-2 TSP 40 kg·hm^-2, TSP 80 kg·hm^-2, （urea＋TSP） 40 kghm 2 and （urea＋TSP） 80 kg·hm^-2） after one month of seed germination. The results revealed that the seedling growth was enhanced significantly with moderate fertilizer treatment. In some cases, the higher levels of fertilizers reduced the seedling growth. The study also revealed that the nodulation in nodule number and size was significantly inhibited by the application of N fertilizer （Urea）, while it was increased significantly with the application of P fertilizer （TSP）. This study improved our understanding and provided insights that would be useful to the farmers in their efforts to amend the soil with inorganic fertilizers in order to enhance plant growth and biological nitrogen fixation.展开更多
The objective of this research was to enhance adsorption capacity of Acacia nilotica （keekar） sawdust for the abatement of chromium bearing wastewater and to investigate the effect of process parameters on adsorptio...The objective of this research was to enhance adsorption capacity of Acacia nilotica （keekar） sawdust for the abatement of chromium bearing wastewater and to investigate the effect of process parameters on adsorption capacity. The sawdust was activated by acid wash and functionalized subsequently with formaldehyde. Functionalization of activated sawdust raised its chromium removal efficiency of almost 10% as compared to its adsorption removal efficiency of HCl treated sawdust in a batch adsorption study. Adsorption kinetic data provided better fitting with pseudo second order model. Maximum adsorption capacity calculated through the best fitting Langmuir model was 6.34 mg·g^-1 and 8.2 mg·g^-1 for HCl treated and formaldehyde functionalized sawdust adsorbents, respectively. The adsorption of Cr（VI） was endothermic when studied by varying temperature from 20℃ to 50℃ for both activated and functionalized adsorbents.展开更多
An efficient and promising approach for effectively dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in cementitious composites has been investigated.The naturally occurring organic extracts from species of indigenousl...An efficient and promising approach for effectively dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in cementitious composites has been investigated.The naturally occurring organic extracts from species of indigenously known‘Keekar’trees scattered along tropical and sub-tropical regions;is found as an exceptional replacement to the non-natural commercial surfactants.In the initial phase of investigation,ideal surfactant’s content required for efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in solution was determined using ultra-violet spectroscopy.The experimental investigations were then extended to five different cement composite formulations containing 0.0,0.025,0.05,0.08 and 0.10%MWCNTs by weight of cement.It was observed that the natural surfactant produced efficient dispersion at much reduced cost(approx.14%)compared with the commercial alternate.The estimated weight efficiency factor f was found 6.5 times higher for the proposed sustainable replacement to the conventional along with remarkable increase of 23%in modulus of rupture on 0.08 wt%addition of MWCNTs.Besides strength enhancement,the dispersed MWCNTs also improved the first crack and ultimate fracture toughness by 51.5%and 35.9%,respectively.The field emission scanning electron microscopy of the cryofractured samples revealed efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in the matrix leading to the phenomenon of effective crack bridging and crack branching in the composite matrix.Furthermore,the proposed scheme significantly reduced the early age volumetric shrinkage by 39%.展开更多
This paper presents the effects of the low-dose irradiation on Tilapia Nilotica. In laboratory experiments the Tilapia Nilotica irradiated by integrated flux of fast neutrons 1×10 9 neutrons/m2 and 1 ×10 10...This paper presents the effects of the low-dose irradiation on Tilapia Nilotica. In laboratory experiments the Tilapia Nilotica irradiated by integrated flux of fast neutrons 1×10 9 neutrons/m2 and 1 ×10 10 neutrons/m2 gave a growth rate more than 40% and 32 % compared with those of controls respectively. The yield of the irradiated Tilapia Nilotica growing with non-irradiated carps and silver carps in a mixed feed condition increased by 8. 6%, 157% and 11. 0% more than those of the controls in the pilot test. The survival rate increases by 21. 8%, 149% and 16. 2% for the aboye-mentioned three species. An increased yield of 52 098 kg fish under irradiation with low dose was obtained in 18. 7 hectare water surface. The results of biological experiments show that the main organic coefficients of the Tilapia Nilotica are greater than those of the controls, and this may be related to the increase of the capabilities of metabolism and resistance to diseases.展开更多
Tilapia has wide-range tolerance to salinity, and most Tilapia species can survive in both fresh water and seawater. In this study, the survival rates, absolute growth rates and instantaneous growth rates of Tilapia n...Tilapia has wide-range tolerance to salinity, and most Tilapia species can survive in both fresh water and seawater. In this study, the survival rates, absolute growth rates and instantaneous growth rates of Tilapia nilotica and Tilapia mossambica in waters with four different salinities（0‰, 10‰, 20‰, 30‰） were investigated.The results showed that the growth of T. mossambica was trended to be increased with the increased salinity, and it is suitable to be farmed in seawater; however, the growth of T. nilotica was trended to be decreased with the increased salinity, and it is suitable to be farmed in fresh water.展开更多
The phenolic and antioxidant constituents in Acacia nilotica fruits have become an important source of medicinal and thera-peutic benefit with powerful biological properties.This study investigated the phenolic conten...The phenolic and antioxidant constituents in Acacia nilotica fruits have become an important source of medicinal and thera-peutic benefit with powerful biological properties.This study investigated the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of powdered Acacia fruits with seeds and without seeds.The phenolic content and antioxidant capacities in them were deter-mined using Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH free radical-scavenging assays.The total phenolic and antioxidants of A.nilotica with seeds were spectrophotometrically determined to be 47.61 and 6.18%greater than when the seeds were removed from the dried fruits,respectively.The LC-MS/QTOF analysis shows the presence of 282 and 214 phenolic compounds in the methanol extracts of A.nilotica with seeds and without seeds,respectively.The present study,therefore,revealed that dried A.nilotica fruits with seeds have higher total phenolic content,antioxidant capacity,and bioactive constituents,which indi-cated that they have more medicinal value than fruits without seeds.展开更多
文摘By using RAPD technique,testes genomic DNA from T.aurea and T.nilotica were analysed.With 20 primers,249 fragments were attained, and the similarity percentage between two species of fish is 89.96%. Species specific fragments were produced respectively by primers OPZ 14 and OPZ 18 between two species of fish.It is suggested that these fragments may be used as molecular markers in fish′s species
基金the fund provided by NAPATA program,jointly funded by France campus and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research,SudanLab facilities provided by LERMAB which is supported by a grant of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche(ANR)in the ambit of the laboratory of excellence(Labex)ARBRE is also aknowledged.
文摘Tannin was extracted from different subspecies of Acacia nilotica,Acacia nilotica nilotica(Ann),Acacia nilotica tomentosa(Ant)and Acacia nilotica adansonii(Ana).The aim was to elucidate their structure and evaluate their reactivity as bioadhesives in the wood industry.The extracts were prepared by hot water extraction(90°C tem-perature).Their gel time with paraformaldehyde was used atfirst to compare their reactivity.The tannin contents and the percentage of total polyphenolic materials in different solutions of the extracts spray dried powder were determined by the hide powder method.Concentrated solutions(47%)were tested by both MALDI ToF,13CNMR.The thermomechanical analysis(TMA)was performed to evaluate their modulus of elasticity(MOE)at different pHs.The gel times of all the three tannin extracts showed that their reactivity and it was com-parable to other known procyanidin/prodelphinidin tannin extract types.Ana,Ann and Ant showed highest per-cent of total polyphenolic materials at 70%,64%,and 57%,respectively.The 13CNMR spectra showed that the three subspecies of condensed tannins were mainly constituted of procyanidins(PC)and prodelphinidins(PD)in slightly different ratios.Ann(56.5%PC and 43.4%PD),Ant(57%PC and 43%PD)and Ana(58%PC and 42%PD).MALDI–TOF spectra showed the presence offlavonoid monomers,and oligomers some of which linked to short carbohydrates monomers or dimers.TMA revealed that the three types of tannins had high MOE at their initial pH(5).
文摘The functional response of Cydonia vicina nilotica Muls. （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） to six densities of Aphis craccivora Koch （Homoptera： Aphididae） nymphs on broad bean （Viciafaba Linn.） was investigated in the laboratory. A linear relationship between the rate of consumption and prey density was observed with r^2 values between 0.58 and 0.97. Plotting prey density against prey killed by four larval instars, and adult males and females of C. vicina nilotica fit well with the type Ⅱ model of Holling＇ s disc equation. Adult females consumed the highest number of prey, followed by fourth instars and adult males. Based on the functional response data, the model predicts a maximum of 144.9, 116.3, 86.2, 80.0, 72.5 and 20.0 nymphs to be consumed per day by an individual adult female, fourth instar, adult male, third, second and first instars, respectively. The differences in the responses of the predator to aphid densities are discussed.
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate antiulcer potential of Acacia nilotica in different ulcer models in rats.Methods:Different extracts[ethanolie,50%hydroethanolic(50:50),70% hydroethanolic(70:30) and aqueous]of young seedless pods were examined in pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcers in rats.Various parameters like,volume of gastric acid secretion,pH,free acidity,total acidity,ulcer index,mucin content and antioxidant studies were determined and were compared between extract treated,standard and vehicle control following ulcer induction. The most active extract was also evaluated in swimming stress induced and NSAID induced gastric ulceration.Results:Among different extracts of young seedless pods only hydroethanolic extracts showed significant antiulcer activity in pyloric ligation induced ulceration.Even more the 70%hydroethanolic extract showed better protection as compared to 50%hydroethanolic extract.Further 70%hydroethanolic extract also showed significant mucoprotection in swimming stress induced and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs induced gastric ulceration.Conclusions: The results of present study concluded that the hydroethanolic extract of young seedless pods of Acacia nilotica has antiulcer activity in pylorus ligation,swimming stress and NSAID induced rat ulcer models.The extract containing more amount of phenolic components show high antiulcer activity,indicating the phenolic component of the extract to be responsible for the activity of the extracts.
文摘Traditional medicine is a reliable source for treating many diseases in Sudan.It is widely recognized in Sudan,as no Sudanese house is devoid of medicinal herbs.The Sudanese people and their historical stock of knowledge are distinguished by their knowledge and the many applications of herbs in treatment.This reference paper aims to collect all the available information about the use of medicinal plants in Sudan to treat disease or prevent it.Sudanese medicinal plants include a variety of plants and there are many medicinal applications for these plants in the world.According to the information reached by the paper,there are many therapeutic medical applications of these plants in the treatment of various bacterial infections,including digestive diseases,malaria,diabetes,rheumatic pain,respiratory diseases,jaundice,urinary tract infections,wounds,cancer and various microbial infections,according to the information reached by the paper.This reference is for a few groups of Sudanese medicinal plants such as tamarind,hibiscus,Acacia nilotica,Combretum hartmannianum,and Guiera senegalensis,etc.This review article also showed that these plants contain many biologically active substances as active ingredients,including flavonoids,saponins,alkaloids,stimulants,terpenes,tannins,fatty acids and essential oils.Even though Sudanese people use herbal medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses,more research is needed to show that these plants are safe and effective for people to use.For example,phytochemical analysis,biochemical activity tests and toxicology studies should be done to show that these plants are safe and effective for people to use.
基金Project (No. 30470021) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of two photosynthetic bacteria （PSB）, Rhodopseudomonas palustris HZ0301 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides HZ0302, as probiotics in aquaculture. The viability of HZ0301 and HZ0302 in simulated gastric transit conditions （pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 gastric juices） and in simulated small intestinal transit conditions （pH 8.0, with or without 0.3% bile salts） was tested. The effects of HZ0301 and HZ0302 on the viability and permeability of intestinal epithelial cell in primary culture of tilapias, Oreochrornis nilotica, were also detected. All the treatments were deter- mined with three replicates. The simulated gastric transit tolerance of HZ0301 and HZ0302 strains was pH-dependent and correspondingly showed lower viability at pH 2.0 after 180 min compared with pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. Both HZ0301 and HZ0302 were tolerant to simulated small intestine transit with or without bile salts in our research. Moreover, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05） among three treatments including the control and the groups treated with HZ0301 or HZ0302 both in intestinal epithelial cell viability and membrane permeability, showing no cell damage. In summary, this study demonstrated that HZ0301 and HZ0302 had high capacity of upper gastrointestinal transit tolerance and were relatively safe for intestinal epithelial cells of tilapias.
文摘The intra-population phylogenetic relationship between Micropterus salmoides and Tilapia nilotica was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （ RAPD） technique. The results showed that the similar coefficient of bands between M. salmoides and T. nilotica was 0.236, and the genetic distance was 0. 764, which indicated that M. salmoides had a distant relationship with T. nilotica.
文摘Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of five plant species orally for 2 h(acute) or 14 days(chronic). In acute model blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In the chronic model blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on day 15 to estimate blood glucose level. And the body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver and kidney enzymes were measured. Histopathological observations of liver sections were also studied.Results: In the case of acute treatment, aqueous extracts of Tinospora bakis(T. bakis), Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) and Randia nilotica(R. nilotica) at 400 mg/kg significantly lowered(P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats whereas, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 400 mg/kg of T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis proved to have significant(P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effect and have the capacity to correct the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Histopathological studies showed that the aqueous extracts of these four plants reinforced the healing of liver. However, Striga hermonthica aqueous extract did not exert any antihyperglycemic effect to diabetic rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications and thus supporting the traditional uses of these plants in Sudanese traditional medicine.
文摘Fynbos plant communities developed under geographic and climatic conditions unique to South Africa. Acacia karroo is the most widespread tree species, well known for its drought tolerance. A. nilotica exudes a good quality gum which is edible and suitable for confectionery. The two species have been introduced to China but little is known about their adaptability under the new environmental conditions. For our present study, the growth potential and physiological and biochemical parameters of the two spe- cies in response to cold stress were investigated. The results, measured as seed qualities （purity, thousand seed weights, germination, etc.） show differences between A. karroo and A. nilotica. The seed germination rate was between 10% and 60%. Seedlings were es- tablished in fields, pots and plugs. Those in the field grew well during the growing season but completely died in the winter. Those in pots or plugs were moved to and managed in the greenhouse. The plants were green in winter. The electrical conductivity of cells, the contents of water soluble sugars, proteins, malondialdehyde （MDA） increased during eight hours of low temperature treatment at 4℃ The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） decreased markedly during the eight hours of 4℃ treatment. We conclude that A. karroo and A. nilotica have little adaptability to the cold winter weather and cannot survive in the outdoors in the Beijing area, but could grow well indoors as ornamentals.
文摘The removal of cobalt ion from aqueous solution by Acacia nilotica leaf carbon(HAN), is described. Effect of p H,agitation time and initial concentration on adsorption capacities of HAN was investigated in a batch mode. The adsorption process, which is p H dependent, shows maximum removal of cobalt in the p H range 5 for an initial cobalt concentration of 50 mg·L–1The experimental data have been analyzed by using the Freundlich, Langmuir,Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The batch sorption kinetics have been tested for a pseudofirst order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models. The rate constants of adsorption for all these kinetic models have been calculated. Results showed that the intraparticle diffusion and initial sorption of Co(Ⅱ) into HAN was the main rate limiting step. The adsorption of cobalt ion was confirmed through instrumental analyses such as scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The desorption and recycling ability of HAN were also found. We conclude that HAN can be used for the efficient removal of cobalt from aqueous solution.
文摘The effects of different inorganic fertilizers （Urea and Triple Super Phosphate （TSP）） on seedling growth and nodulation capabilities of four agroforestry tree species （Albizia chinensis, A. saman, Acacia nilotica and Sesbania sesban） were compared. The nodulation of these seedlings were treated with different fertilizer treatments （at the rate of urea 40 kg·hm^-2, urea 80 kg·hm^-2 TSP 40 kg·hm^-2, TSP 80 kg·hm^-2, （urea＋TSP） 40 kghm 2 and （urea＋TSP） 80 kg·hm^-2） after one month of seed germination. The results revealed that the seedling growth was enhanced significantly with moderate fertilizer treatment. In some cases, the higher levels of fertilizers reduced the seedling growth. The study also revealed that the nodulation in nodule number and size was significantly inhibited by the application of N fertilizer （Urea）, while it was increased significantly with the application of P fertilizer （TSP）. This study improved our understanding and provided insights that would be useful to the farmers in their efforts to amend the soil with inorganic fertilizers in order to enhance plant growth and biological nitrogen fixation.
文摘The objective of this research was to enhance adsorption capacity of Acacia nilotica （keekar） sawdust for the abatement of chromium bearing wastewater and to investigate the effect of process parameters on adsorption capacity. The sawdust was activated by acid wash and functionalized subsequently with formaldehyde. Functionalization of activated sawdust raised its chromium removal efficiency of almost 10% as compared to its adsorption removal efficiency of HCl treated sawdust in a batch adsorption study. Adsorption kinetic data provided better fitting with pseudo second order model. Maximum adsorption capacity calculated through the best fitting Langmuir model was 6.34 mg·g^-1 and 8.2 mg·g^-1 for HCl treated and formaldehyde functionalized sawdust adsorbents, respectively. The adsorption of Cr（VI） was endothermic when studied by varying temperature from 20℃ to 50℃ for both activated and functionalized adsorbents.
文摘An efficient and promising approach for effectively dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in cementitious composites has been investigated.The naturally occurring organic extracts from species of indigenously known‘Keekar’trees scattered along tropical and sub-tropical regions;is found as an exceptional replacement to the non-natural commercial surfactants.In the initial phase of investigation,ideal surfactant’s content required for efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in solution was determined using ultra-violet spectroscopy.The experimental investigations were then extended to five different cement composite formulations containing 0.0,0.025,0.05,0.08 and 0.10%MWCNTs by weight of cement.It was observed that the natural surfactant produced efficient dispersion at much reduced cost(approx.14%)compared with the commercial alternate.The estimated weight efficiency factor f was found 6.5 times higher for the proposed sustainable replacement to the conventional along with remarkable increase of 23%in modulus of rupture on 0.08 wt%addition of MWCNTs.Besides strength enhancement,the dispersed MWCNTs also improved the first crack and ultimate fracture toughness by 51.5%and 35.9%,respectively.The field emission scanning electron microscopy of the cryofractured samples revealed efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in the matrix leading to the phenomenon of effective crack bridging and crack branching in the composite matrix.Furthermore,the proposed scheme significantly reduced the early age volumetric shrinkage by 39%.
文摘This paper presents the effects of the low-dose irradiation on Tilapia Nilotica. In laboratory experiments the Tilapia Nilotica irradiated by integrated flux of fast neutrons 1×10 9 neutrons/m2 and 1 ×10 10 neutrons/m2 gave a growth rate more than 40% and 32 % compared with those of controls respectively. The yield of the irradiated Tilapia Nilotica growing with non-irradiated carps and silver carps in a mixed feed condition increased by 8. 6%, 157% and 11. 0% more than those of the controls in the pilot test. The survival rate increases by 21. 8%, 149% and 16. 2% for the aboye-mentioned three species. An increased yield of 52 098 kg fish under irradiation with low dose was obtained in 18. 7 hectare water surface. The results of biological experiments show that the main organic coefficients of the Tilapia Nilotica are greater than those of the controls, and this may be related to the increase of the capabilities of metabolism and resistance to diseases.
基金Supported by Incentive Program Subsidized by Department of Science and Technology of Hebei Province(15926620H)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Bureau of Qinhuangdao City(201401A067,201402B043)~~
文摘Tilapia has wide-range tolerance to salinity, and most Tilapia species can survive in both fresh water and seawater. In this study, the survival rates, absolute growth rates and instantaneous growth rates of Tilapia nilotica and Tilapia mossambica in waters with four different salinities（0‰, 10‰, 20‰, 30‰） were investigated.The results showed that the growth of T. mossambica was trended to be increased with the increased salinity, and it is suitable to be farmed in seawater; however, the growth of T. nilotica was trended to be decreased with the increased salinity, and it is suitable to be farmed in fresh water.
基金the financial contribution of the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia,for their support through the FRGS(RDU-160148)research grants.
文摘The phenolic and antioxidant constituents in Acacia nilotica fruits have become an important source of medicinal and thera-peutic benefit with powerful biological properties.This study investigated the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of powdered Acacia fruits with seeds and without seeds.The phenolic content and antioxidant capacities in them were deter-mined using Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH free radical-scavenging assays.The total phenolic and antioxidants of A.nilotica with seeds were spectrophotometrically determined to be 47.61 and 6.18%greater than when the seeds were removed from the dried fruits,respectively.The LC-MS/QTOF analysis shows the presence of 282 and 214 phenolic compounds in the methanol extracts of A.nilotica with seeds and without seeds,respectively.The present study,therefore,revealed that dried A.nilotica fruits with seeds have higher total phenolic content,antioxidant capacity,and bioactive constituents,which indi-cated that they have more medicinal value than fruits without seeds.
