Natural and human systems are exposed and vulnerable to climate extremes, which contributes to the repercussions of climate variability and the probability of disasters. The impacts of both natural and human-caused cl...Natural and human systems are exposed and vulnerable to climate extremes, which contributes to the repercussions of climate variability and the probability of disasters. The impacts of both natural and human-caused climate variability are reflected in the reported changes in climate extremes. Particularly at the local community levels in the majority of the regions, there is currently a dearth of information regarding the distribution, dynamics, and trends of excessive temperatures among the majority of Tanzanians. Over the years 1982-2022, this study examined trends in Tanzania’s extreme temperature over the June to August season. Based on the distinction between absolute and percentile extreme temperatures, a total of eight ETCCDI climate indices were chosen. Mann-Kendall test was used to assess the presence of trends in extreme climatic indices and the Sen’s Slope was applied to compute the extent of the trends in temperature extremes. The study showed that in most regions, there is significant increase of warm days and nights while the significant decrease of cold days and nights was evident to most areas. Moreover, nighttime warming surpasses daytime warming in the study area. The study suggests that anthropogenic influences may contribute to the warming trend observed in extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures globally, with Tanzania potentially affected, as indicated in the current research. The overall results of this study reflect patterns observed in various regions worldwide, where warm days and nights are on the rise while cold days and nights are diminishing.展开更多
This paper reviews recent studies on extreme high temperatures in China during summer. The focus is on the variation in extreme heat and tropical nights（i.e. high temperature at night）, and the factors of influence....This paper reviews recent studies on extreme high temperatures in China during summer. The focus is on the variation in extreme heat and tropical nights（i.e. high temperature at night）, and the factors of influence. Potential research topics in the future are also discussed.展开更多
By comparing two sets of quality-controlled daily temperature observation data with and without the inhomogeneity test and adjustment from 654 stations in China during 1956 2004 and 1956-2010, impacts of inhomogeneity...By comparing two sets of quality-controlled daily temperature observation data with and without the inhomogeneity test and adjustment from 654 stations in China during 1956 2004 and 1956-2010, impacts of inhomogeneity on changing trends of four percentile temperature extreme indices, including occurrences of cold days, cold nights, warm days, and warm nights with varying intensities, were discussed. It is found that the inhomogeneity affected the long-term trends averaged over extensive regions limitedly. In order to minimize the inhomogeneity impact, the 83 stations identified with obvious inhomogeneity impacts were removed, and an updated analysis of changing trends of the four temperature extreme indices with varying intensities during 1956 2010 was conducted. The results show that annual occurrences of both cold nights and cold days decreased greatly while those of warm nights and warm days increased significantly during the recent 20 years. The more extreme the event is, the greater the magnitude of changing trends for the temperature extreme index is. An obvious increasing trend was observed in annual occurrences of cold days and cold nights in the recent four years. The magnitude of changing trends of warm extreme indices was greater than that of cold extreme indices, and it was greater in northern China than in southern China. Trends for summer occurrence of cold days were not significant. Decreasing trends of occurrences of both cold nights and cold days were the greatest in December, January, and February （DJF） but the least in June, July, and August （JJA）, while increasing trends of warm nights were the greatest in JJA. Cold nights significantly decreased from 1956 to 1990, and then the decreasing trend considerably weakened. The decreasing trend also showed an obvious slowdown in recent years for occurrence of cold days. However, increasing trends of warm nights and warm days both have been accelerated continuously since the recent decades. Further analysis presents that the evolution of the t展开更多
Hot temperature extremes exert strong negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts worldwide.In this paper,we focus on the major land areas of the Belt and Road(BR)and develop a dataset of high temperature extreme...Hot temperature extremes exert strong negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts worldwide.In this paper,we focus on the major land areas of the Belt and Road(BR)and develop a dataset of high temperature extremes including hot days,hot nights and combined hot extremes using Climate Prediction Center(CPC)gridded daily temperature data at a resolution of 0.5°during 1979-2018.The constant thresholds of daily maximum surface air temperature(Tmax)include 28℃,30℃,32℃,35℃,38℃,and 40℃,while those of daily minimum surface air temperature(Tmin)consist of 20℃,25℃,and 30℃.Data of hot days,hot nights and combined hot extreme are produced based on different constant Tmax and Tmin thresholds and their combination.We also adopt the 90th and 95th percentile thresholds of Tmax and Tmin to generate high temperature extreme data.The validation with China Meteorological Administration(CMA)data over eastern China for the period of 1979-2011 indicates that our dataset can generally describe the spatial and temporal variations of high temperature extremes well.Potential applications of this dataset include analyses on the local-to-regional characteristics of high temperature extremes and their impacts on various sectors over the major BR land areas.The dataset is available at http://www.sciencedb.cn/dataSet/handle/904.展开更多
A slew of scandals involving the Palace Museum has drawn attention to the plight of China’s public museums The curator of Beijing’s Palace Museum,Zheng Xinmiao,has been a largely low-profile figure,and his name only...A slew of scandals involving the Palace Museum has drawn attention to the plight of China’s public museums The curator of Beijing’s Palace Museum,Zheng Xinmiao,has been a largely low-profile figure,and his name only became known to most average Chinese citizens after the Xinhua News Agency released an interview with him in August,in which Zheng apologized for a string of mishaps in the institution that houses the largest collection of China’s national treasures.展开更多
Desiderius Erasmus?"Copia"is not only inscribed with rhetorical interpretations but also implied with semiotic meanings.This paper starts from the definition,components,and functions of"Copia"and t...Desiderius Erasmus?"Copia"is not only inscribed with rhetorical interpretations but also implied with semiotic meanings.This paper starts from the definition,components,and functions of"Copia"and then analyzes Nights at the Circus from two aspects:the abundance of expression and the abundance of subject-matter,through discussing the employment of metaphor and antonomasia,the dividing of a whole into parts,and the tracing of causes in this novel.This research finds that the use of"Copia"can not only contribute to the richness and variety of style but also highlight the characters?personalities and enable Angela Carter to discuss political and social issues such as patriarchy and individual rights.From a perspective of Bakhtin's cultural semiotics,the paper aims to explore"Copia"semiotic meanings in literary classics and provide alternative interpretations of this conception in literary criticism.展开更多
文摘Natural and human systems are exposed and vulnerable to climate extremes, which contributes to the repercussions of climate variability and the probability of disasters. The impacts of both natural and human-caused climate variability are reflected in the reported changes in climate extremes. Particularly at the local community levels in the majority of the regions, there is currently a dearth of information regarding the distribution, dynamics, and trends of excessive temperatures among the majority of Tanzanians. Over the years 1982-2022, this study examined trends in Tanzania’s extreme temperature over the June to August season. Based on the distinction between absolute and percentile extreme temperatures, a total of eight ETCCDI climate indices were chosen. Mann-Kendall test was used to assess the presence of trends in extreme climatic indices and the Sen’s Slope was applied to compute the extent of the trends in temperature extremes. The study showed that in most regions, there is significant increase of warm days and nights while the significant decrease of cold days and nights was evident to most areas. Moreover, nighttime warming surpasses daytime warming in the study area. The study suggests that anthropogenic influences may contribute to the warming trend observed in extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures globally, with Tanzania potentially affected, as indicated in the current research. The overall results of this study reflect patterns observed in various regions worldwide, where warm days and nights are on the rise while cold days and nights are diminishing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41320104007]
文摘This paper reviews recent studies on extreme high temperatures in China during summer. The focus is on the variation in extreme heat and tropical nights（i.e. high temperature at night）, and the factors of influence. Potential research topics in the future are also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40905036)
文摘By comparing two sets of quality-controlled daily temperature observation data with and without the inhomogeneity test and adjustment from 654 stations in China during 1956 2004 and 1956-2010, impacts of inhomogeneity on changing trends of four percentile temperature extreme indices, including occurrences of cold days, cold nights, warm days, and warm nights with varying intensities, were discussed. It is found that the inhomogeneity affected the long-term trends averaged over extensive regions limitedly. In order to minimize the inhomogeneity impact, the 83 stations identified with obvious inhomogeneity impacts were removed, and an updated analysis of changing trends of the four temperature extreme indices with varying intensities during 1956 2010 was conducted. The results show that annual occurrences of both cold nights and cold days decreased greatly while those of warm nights and warm days increased significantly during the recent 20 years. The more extreme the event is, the greater the magnitude of changing trends for the temperature extreme index is. An obvious increasing trend was observed in annual occurrences of cold days and cold nights in the recent four years. The magnitude of changing trends of warm extreme indices was greater than that of cold extreme indices, and it was greater in northern China than in southern China. Trends for summer occurrence of cold days were not significant. Decreasing trends of occurrences of both cold nights and cold days were the greatest in December, January, and February （DJF） but the least in June, July, and August （JJA）, while increasing trends of warm nights were the greatest in JJA. Cold nights significantly decreased from 1956 to 1990, and then the decreasing trend considerably weakened. The decreasing trend also showed an obvious slowdown in recent years for occurrence of cold days. However, increasing trends of warm nights and warm days both have been accelerated continuously since the recent decades. Further analysis presents that the evolution of the t
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2018YFA0606501].
文摘Hot temperature extremes exert strong negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts worldwide.In this paper,we focus on the major land areas of the Belt and Road(BR)and develop a dataset of high temperature extremes including hot days,hot nights and combined hot extremes using Climate Prediction Center(CPC)gridded daily temperature data at a resolution of 0.5°during 1979-2018.The constant thresholds of daily maximum surface air temperature(Tmax)include 28℃,30℃,32℃,35℃,38℃,and 40℃,while those of daily minimum surface air temperature(Tmin)consist of 20℃,25℃,and 30℃.Data of hot days,hot nights and combined hot extreme are produced based on different constant Tmax and Tmin thresholds and their combination.We also adopt the 90th and 95th percentile thresholds of Tmax and Tmin to generate high temperature extreme data.The validation with China Meteorological Administration(CMA)data over eastern China for the period of 1979-2011 indicates that our dataset can generally describe the spatial and temporal variations of high temperature extremes well.Potential applications of this dataset include analyses on the local-to-regional characteristics of high temperature extremes and their impacts on various sectors over the major BR land areas.The dataset is available at http://www.sciencedb.cn/dataSet/handle/904.
文摘A slew of scandals involving the Palace Museum has drawn attention to the plight of China’s public museums The curator of Beijing’s Palace Museum,Zheng Xinmiao,has been a largely low-profile figure,and his name only became known to most average Chinese citizens after the Xinhua News Agency released an interview with him in August,in which Zheng apologized for a string of mishaps in the institution that houses the largest collection of China’s national treasures.
文摘Desiderius Erasmus?"Copia"is not only inscribed with rhetorical interpretations but also implied with semiotic meanings.This paper starts from the definition,components,and functions of"Copia"and then analyzes Nights at the Circus from two aspects:the abundance of expression and the abundance of subject-matter,through discussing the employment of metaphor and antonomasia,the dividing of a whole into parts,and the tracing of causes in this novel.This research finds that the use of"Copia"can not only contribute to the richness and variety of style but also highlight the characters?personalities and enable Angela Carter to discuss political and social issues such as patriarchy and individual rights.From a perspective of Bakhtin's cultural semiotics,the paper aims to explore"Copia"semiotic meanings in literary classics and provide alternative interpretations of this conception in literary criticism.
