Melanocytes derived from neural crest cells harbor the BRAFV600E mutation,which is the predominant driver of nevus formation in humans.This mutation leads to malignant cell proliferation and subsequent cell cycle arre...Melanocytes derived from neural crest cells harbor the BRAFV600E mutation,which is the predominant driver of nevus formation in humans.This mutation leads to malignant cell proliferation and subsequent cell cycle arrest,culminating in oncogene-induced senescence and nevus development.Nevertheless,emerging evidence has highlighted the heterogeneity of cellular senescence markers in BRAFV600E-induced senescent melanocytes.Moreover,the capacity of melanocytes within nevi to regain their proliferative ability raises questions about the molecular mechanisms by which BRAFV600E,via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,triggers nevus formation.This study provides an overview and discussion of the molecular mechanisms underpinning BRAFV600E-induced melanocyte nevus formation and the relevant animal models employed for their elucidation.It also highlights the significance of elucidating dynamic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates that interact with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 and underscores the value of using targeted BRAFV600E animal models created through gene editing technologies.展开更多
Background:Spider nevi (SN) are quite common in children. SN are treated via different techniques, and complete removal often requires multiple treatments. However, few studies have evaluated the treatment of SN. The ...Background:Spider nevi (SN) are quite common in children. SN are treated via different techniques, and complete removal often requires multiple treatments. However, few studies have evaluated the treatment of SN. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of a 595-nm pulsed-dye laser (PDL) for treating facial SN in children.Methods:A total of 110 children aged 0.2 to 12 years with facial SN were treated with a 595-nm PDL in a single institution from January 2016 to February 2018. In accordance with the treatment method, the patients were retrospectively divided into the small-spot-combined-with-large-spot group (SL-group) and the large-spot group (L-group). Patients with poor therapeutic results were retreated every 6 weeks until the lesions disappeared. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. The groups were compared using independent-samples t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher exact probability test.Results:The therapeutic efficacy was significantly higher in the SL-group than in the L-group, with clearance rates of 90.9% and 53.0% after the primary treatment, respectively (χ2= 17.937, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 100% in the SL-group and 34.8% in the L-group (χ2 = 20.780, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter <1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 82.6% in the SL-group and 62.8% in the L-group (χ2 = 3.961, P = 0.138). The rates of adverse reactions and recurrence did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.141 and P = 1.000, respectively).Conclusions:The 595-nm PDL might be a safe and effective treatment option for facial SN in children. The small-spot-combined-with-large-spot method is especially suitable for SN with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm.展开更多
We tested a variety of fixed embedded sections of malignant tumors with HMB-45 MoAband S-100 polyclonal antibody.The results showed that RMB-45 was a highly sensitive and specificantibody for recongnizing melanoma on ...We tested a variety of fixed embedded sections of malignant tumors with HMB-45 MoAband S-100 polyclonal antibody.The results showed that RMB-45 was a highly sensitive and specificantibody for recongnizing melanoma on fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, it reacted with 96.6percent of melanomas tested(all primary and 6 of 7 metastatic lesions)Both pigmented and nonpigmeated melanomas were recongnized.Malignant tumors of epithelial,lymphoid and mesenchymal origin were all negative.Although antibody to S-100 protien quite sensitive,it was not melanome-specific and it reached with all melanomas including the one metastatic melanoma that did not react withHMB-45,it we also positive in one of five lymphomas and one of three sarcomas.AdditionallyHMB-45 reacted with junctional nevi and componentes of compound neai and not with intradermalnevi and the dermal components of compound nevi.展开更多
Melanocytic nevi are a transient in vivo proliferation of melanocytes that after time undergo cellular senescence. Most nevi harbor B-Raf mutations, which appear to activate cellular mechanisms of senescence in melano...Melanocytic nevi are a transient in vivo proliferation of melanocytes that after time undergo cellular senescence. Most nevi harbor B-Raf mutations, which appear to activate cellular mechanisms of senescence in melanocytes. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), a critical downstream effector of the AKT signaling pathway, is involved in the development of melanoma and has been associated with senescence in melanocytes. Our immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies revealed distinct, perinuclear, dot-like reactivity of GSK-3β in melanocytic nevi. Furthermore, our tissue microarray analysis demonstrated significant perinuclear dot-like sublocalization of GSK-3β in melanocytic nevi compared with the amount of GSK-3β observed in melanoma (P β in human nevi may contribute to senescence in melanocytes.展开更多
Longitudinal melanonychia is not a rare clinical condition.It is mostly characterized by the presence of longitudinal,demarcated,and pigmented bands on the nail unit.The etiology is generally classified as melanocytic...Longitudinal melanonychia is not a rare clinical condition.It is mostly characterized by the presence of longitudinal,demarcated,and pigmented bands on the nail unit.The etiology is generally classified as melanocytic activation or melanocytic hyperplasia.Benign nail matrix nevi and malignant subungual melanoma are classified under the etiology of melanocytic hyperplasia.The manifestations of benign and malignant melanonychia present with similar clinical features,but the prognoses of these two conditions are quite different.Therefore,it is important to distinguish malignant melanoma from benign melanonychia.History,physical examination,dermoscopy,and biopsy are obtained or performed to help determine the diagnosis.Surgical excision is commonly performed in patients who are above 50 years of age,if the increase in width of the pigmented band is rapid or sudden,if the width of the band is over 5 mm,or if the border of the band becomes blurred.All excised specimens are subjected to pathological examination for final diagnosis.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of the flexible surgical approaches on therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes of facial nevi.Methods From August 2002 to January 2008,16 cases with facial nevi had been treated in our w...Objective To investigate the effects of the flexible surgical approaches on therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes of facial nevi.Methods From August 2002 to January 2008,16 cases with facial nevi had been treated in our wards with the selected approaches.Surgical approaches including serial excision or one-time radical excision,free skin graft,and expanded flap were adopted in accordance with the individual size and location of the facial nevi.Results All cases experienced complete excision and had satisfactory cosmetic appearance in the end.Conclusion The flexible surgical measures help to minimize the risk of malignant transformation and achieve good cosmetic results.展开更多
文摘Melanocytes derived from neural crest cells harbor the BRAFV600E mutation,which is the predominant driver of nevus formation in humans.This mutation leads to malignant cell proliferation and subsequent cell cycle arrest,culminating in oncogene-induced senescence and nevus development.Nevertheless,emerging evidence has highlighted the heterogeneity of cellular senescence markers in BRAFV600E-induced senescent melanocytes.Moreover,the capacity of melanocytes within nevi to regain their proliferative ability raises questions about the molecular mechanisms by which BRAFV600E,via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,triggers nevus formation.This study provides an overview and discussion of the molecular mechanisms underpinning BRAFV600E-induced melanocyte nevus formation and the relevant animal models employed for their elucidation.It also highlights the significance of elucidating dynamic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates that interact with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 and underscores the value of using targeted BRAFV600E animal models created through gene editing technologies.
文摘Background:Spider nevi (SN) are quite common in children. SN are treated via different techniques, and complete removal often requires multiple treatments. However, few studies have evaluated the treatment of SN. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of a 595-nm pulsed-dye laser (PDL) for treating facial SN in children.Methods:A total of 110 children aged 0.2 to 12 years with facial SN were treated with a 595-nm PDL in a single institution from January 2016 to February 2018. In accordance with the treatment method, the patients were retrospectively divided into the small-spot-combined-with-large-spot group (SL-group) and the large-spot group (L-group). Patients with poor therapeutic results were retreated every 6 weeks until the lesions disappeared. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. The groups were compared using independent-samples t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher exact probability test.Results:The therapeutic efficacy was significantly higher in the SL-group than in the L-group, with clearance rates of 90.9% and 53.0% after the primary treatment, respectively (χ2= 17.937, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 100% in the SL-group and 34.8% in the L-group (χ2 = 20.780, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter <1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 82.6% in the SL-group and 62.8% in the L-group (χ2 = 3.961, P = 0.138). The rates of adverse reactions and recurrence did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.141 and P = 1.000, respectively).Conclusions:The 595-nm PDL might be a safe and effective treatment option for facial SN in children. The small-spot-combined-with-large-spot method is especially suitable for SN with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm.
文摘We tested a variety of fixed embedded sections of malignant tumors with HMB-45 MoAband S-100 polyclonal antibody.The results showed that RMB-45 was a highly sensitive and specificantibody for recongnizing melanoma on fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, it reacted with 96.6percent of melanomas tested(all primary and 6 of 7 metastatic lesions)Both pigmented and nonpigmeated melanomas were recongnized.Malignant tumors of epithelial,lymphoid and mesenchymal origin were all negative.Although antibody to S-100 protien quite sensitive,it was not melanome-specific and it reached with all melanomas including the one metastatic melanoma that did not react withHMB-45,it we also positive in one of five lymphomas and one of three sarcomas.AdditionallyHMB-45 reacted with junctional nevi and componentes of compound neai and not with intradermalnevi and the dermal components of compound nevi.
文摘Melanocytic nevi are a transient in vivo proliferation of melanocytes that after time undergo cellular senescence. Most nevi harbor B-Raf mutations, which appear to activate cellular mechanisms of senescence in melanocytes. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), a critical downstream effector of the AKT signaling pathway, is involved in the development of melanoma and has been associated with senescence in melanocytes. Our immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies revealed distinct, perinuclear, dot-like reactivity of GSK-3β in melanocytic nevi. Furthermore, our tissue microarray analysis demonstrated significant perinuclear dot-like sublocalization of GSK-3β in melanocytic nevi compared with the amount of GSK-3β observed in melanoma (P β in human nevi may contribute to senescence in melanocytes.
文摘Longitudinal melanonychia is not a rare clinical condition.It is mostly characterized by the presence of longitudinal,demarcated,and pigmented bands on the nail unit.The etiology is generally classified as melanocytic activation or melanocytic hyperplasia.Benign nail matrix nevi and malignant subungual melanoma are classified under the etiology of melanocytic hyperplasia.The manifestations of benign and malignant melanonychia present with similar clinical features,but the prognoses of these two conditions are quite different.Therefore,it is important to distinguish malignant melanoma from benign melanonychia.History,physical examination,dermoscopy,and biopsy are obtained or performed to help determine the diagnosis.Surgical excision is commonly performed in patients who are above 50 years of age,if the increase in width of the pigmented band is rapid or sudden,if the width of the band is over 5 mm,or if the border of the band becomes blurred.All excised specimens are subjected to pathological examination for final diagnosis.
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of the flexible surgical approaches on therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes of facial nevi.Methods From August 2002 to January 2008,16 cases with facial nevi had been treated in our wards with the selected approaches.Surgical approaches including serial excision or one-time radical excision,free skin graft,and expanded flap were adopted in accordance with the individual size and location of the facial nevi.Results All cases experienced complete excision and had satisfactory cosmetic appearance in the end.Conclusion The flexible surgical measures help to minimize the risk of malignant transformation and achieve good cosmetic results.
