Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI) is oneof the most common causes of AKI in clinical practice.CI-AKI has been found to be strongly associated with morbidity and mortality of the patients.Furthermore,CI-AKI ...Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI) is oneof the most common causes of AKI in clinical practice.CI-AKI has been found to be strongly associated with morbidity and mortality of the patients.Furthermore,CI-AKI may not be always reversible and it may be associated with the development of chronic kidney disease.Pathophysiology of CI-AKI is not exactly understood and there is no consensus on the preventive strategies.CI-AKI is an active research area thus clinicians should be updated periodically about this topic.In this review,we aimed to discuss the indications of contrastenhanced imaging,types of contrast media and their impact on nephrotoxicity,major pathophysiological mechanisms,risk factors and preventive strategies of CI-AKI and alternative non-contrast-enhanced imaging methods.展开更多
The kidney is a vital organ for the elimination of therapeutic drugs and their metabolites.Renal drug transporters,which are primarily located in the renal proximal tubules,play an important role in tubular secretion ...The kidney is a vital organ for the elimination of therapeutic drugs and their metabolites.Renal drug transporters,which are primarily located in the renal proximal tubules,play an important role in tubular secretion and reabsorption of drug molecules in the kidney.Tubular secretion is characterized by high clearance capacities,broad substrate specificities,and distinct charge selectivity for organic cations and anions.In the past two decades,substantial progress has been made in understanding the roles of transporters in drug disposition,efficacy,toxicity and drug–drug interactions(DDIs).In the kidney,several transporters are involved in renal handling of organic cation(OC) and organic anion(OA) drugs.These transporters are increasingly recognized as the target for clinically significant DDIs.This review focuses on the functional characteristics of major human renal drug transporters and their involvement in clinically significant DDIs.展开更多
文摘Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI) is oneof the most common causes of AKI in clinical practice.CI-AKI has been found to be strongly associated with morbidity and mortality of the patients.Furthermore,CI-AKI may not be always reversible and it may be associated with the development of chronic kidney disease.Pathophysiology of CI-AKI is not exactly understood and there is no consensus on the preventive strategies.CI-AKI is an active research area thus clinicians should be updated periodically about this topic.In this review,we aimed to discuss the indications of contrastenhanced imaging,types of contrast media and their impact on nephrotoxicity,major pathophysiological mechanisms,risk factors and preventive strategies of CI-AKI and alternative non-contrast-enhanced imaging methods.
基金supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Grant R01 GM066233)the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (Grant TL1 TR000422)
文摘The kidney is a vital organ for the elimination of therapeutic drugs and their metabolites.Renal drug transporters,which are primarily located in the renal proximal tubules,play an important role in tubular secretion and reabsorption of drug molecules in the kidney.Tubular secretion is characterized by high clearance capacities,broad substrate specificities,and distinct charge selectivity for organic cations and anions.In the past two decades,substantial progress has been made in understanding the roles of transporters in drug disposition,efficacy,toxicity and drug–drug interactions(DDIs).In the kidney,several transporters are involved in renal handling of organic cation(OC) and organic anion(OA) drugs.These transporters are increasingly recognized as the target for clinically significant DDIs.This review focuses on the functional characteristics of major human renal drug transporters and their involvement in clinically significant DDIs.
