In history,the Earth has encountered frequent and massive impacts.Until today,it is still a collided target for Potentially Hazardous Objects(PHOs),gradually making planetary defense a concerned and important research...In history,the Earth has encountered frequent and massive impacts.Until today,it is still a collided target for Potentially Hazardous Objects(PHOs),gradually making planetary defense a concerned and important research topic in the field of aerospace science.Against this background,this work clarifies and discusses some important scientific issues and various critical technologies of planetary defense.First,the current status of planetary defense research is summarized.Subsequently,the classification and characteristics of PHOs are introduced,focusing on their potential impact on planetary defense and related scientific research issues.For the purpose of protecting the Earth and maintaining space safety,the monitoring and characterization,deflection,and mitigation of PHOs have basically occupied all the attention of planetary defense researchers.Therefore,the critical technologies in planetary defense are discussed from these three aspects,and are also compared and analyzed in depth.Based on the current research progress in planetary defense,the challenges for planetary defense are discussed,and future development directions are also analyzed.Finally,a summary of the entire study is provided.展开更多
Near-Earth Asteroids(NEA)impose potential major disaster to humanity.Planetary defense is an inevitable requirement for the survival of human civilization.In recent years,China has made rapid progress in planetary def...Near-Earth Asteroids(NEA)impose potential major disaster to humanity.Planetary defense is an inevitable requirement for the survival of human civilization.In recent years,China has made rapid progress in planetary defense research,which has won the attention of the government and attracted more and more scholars and organizations.This paper summarizes the research progress in planetary defense in China in recent years,including the fireball events in China,academic activities and policy planning,monitoring and warning technology,onorbit defense technology,impact hazard assessment,international cooperation and science popularization.展开更多
Space environment exploration is a hot topic globally.The scope of space exploration ranges from near-Earth space to the moon,other planets in the solar system,and even the heliosphere and interplanetary space.It is u...Space environment exploration is a hot topic globally.The scope of space exploration ranges from near-Earth space to the moon,other planets in the solar system,and even the heliosphere and interplanetary space.It is used for various crucial applications,including aerospace technology development,space weather research,understanding the origin and evolution of the universe,searching for extraterrestrial life,and finding human livable places.Although China’s space environment exploration started late,its progress has been rapid.China is gradually narrowing the gap with advanced countries and may eventually lead the world in space research.This article briefly reviews the development history of China’s space environmental detectors.展开更多
In the 6th edition of the Chinese Space Trajectory Design Competition held in 2014, a near-Earth asteroid sample-return trajectory design problem was released, in which the motion of the spacecraft is modeled in multi...In the 6th edition of the Chinese Space Trajectory Design Competition held in 2014, a near-Earth asteroid sample-return trajectory design problem was released, in which the motion of the spacecraft is modeled in multi-body dynamics, considering the gravitational forces of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. It is proposed that an electric-propulsion spacecraft initially parking in a circular 200-kin-altitude low Earth orbit is expected to rendezvous with an asteroid and carry as much sample as possible back to the Earth in a 10-year time frame. The team from the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences has reported a solution with an asteroid sample mass of 328 tons, which is ranked first in the competition. In this article, we will present our design and optimization methods, primarily including overall analysis, target selection, escape from and capture by the Earth-Moon system, and optimization of impulsive and low-thrust trajectories that are modeled in multi-body dynamics. The orbital resonance concept and lunar gravity assists are considered key techniques employed for trajectory design. The reported solution, preliminarily revealing the feasibility of returning a hundreds-of-tons asteroid or asteroid sample, envisions future space missions relating to near-Earth asteroid exploration.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA1502030505)。
文摘In history,the Earth has encountered frequent and massive impacts.Until today,it is still a collided target for Potentially Hazardous Objects(PHOs),gradually making planetary defense a concerned and important research topic in the field of aerospace science.Against this background,this work clarifies and discusses some important scientific issues and various critical technologies of planetary defense.First,the current status of planetary defense research is summarized.Subsequently,the classification and characteristics of PHOs are introduced,focusing on their potential impact on planetary defense and related scientific research issues.For the purpose of protecting the Earth and maintaining space safety,the monitoring and characterization,deflection,and mitigation of PHOs have basically occupied all the attention of planetary defense researchers.Therefore,the critical technologies in planetary defense are discussed from these three aspects,and are also compared and analyzed in depth.Based on the current research progress in planetary defense,the challenges for planetary defense are discussed,and future development directions are also analyzed.Finally,a summary of the entire study is provided.
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100002918004)the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(XDA15014900)the Civil Aerospace Preliminary Research Project(KJSP2020020101,CAS)。
文摘Near-Earth Asteroids(NEA)impose potential major disaster to humanity.Planetary defense is an inevitable requirement for the survival of human civilization.In recent years,China has made rapid progress in planetary defense research,which has won the attention of the government and attracted more and more scholars and organizations.This paper summarizes the research progress in planetary defense in China in recent years,including the fireball events in China,academic activities and policy planning,monitoring and warning technology,onorbit defense technology,impact hazard assessment,international cooperation and science popularization.
文摘Space environment exploration is a hot topic globally.The scope of space exploration ranges from near-Earth space to the moon,other planets in the solar system,and even the heliosphere and interplanetary space.It is used for various crucial applications,including aerospace technology development,space weather research,understanding the origin and evolution of the universe,searching for extraterrestrial life,and finding human livable places.Although China’s space environment exploration started late,its progress has been rapid.China is gradually narrowing the gap with advanced countries and may eventually lead the world in space research.This article briefly reviews the development history of China’s space environmental detectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant11372311)the grant from the State key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics(2014-ADL-DW0201)
文摘In the 6th edition of the Chinese Space Trajectory Design Competition held in 2014, a near-Earth asteroid sample-return trajectory design problem was released, in which the motion of the spacecraft is modeled in multi-body dynamics, considering the gravitational forces of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. It is proposed that an electric-propulsion spacecraft initially parking in a circular 200-kin-altitude low Earth orbit is expected to rendezvous with an asteroid and carry as much sample as possible back to the Earth in a 10-year time frame. The team from the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences has reported a solution with an asteroid sample mass of 328 tons, which is ranked first in the competition. In this article, we will present our design and optimization methods, primarily including overall analysis, target selection, escape from and capture by the Earth-Moon system, and optimization of impulsive and low-thrust trajectories that are modeled in multi-body dynamics. The orbital resonance concept and lunar gravity assists are considered key techniques employed for trajectory design. The reported solution, preliminarily revealing the feasibility of returning a hundreds-of-tons asteroid or asteroid sample, envisions future space missions relating to near-Earth asteroid exploration.