Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of the amyloidβin the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular deposition of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the form of neurofib...Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of the amyloidβin the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular deposition of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles.Most of the Alzheimer’s drugs targeting amyloidβhave been failed in clinical trials.Particularly,tau pathology connects greatly in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.Tau protein enhances the stabilization of microtubules that leads to the appropriate function of the neuron.Changes in the quantity or the conformation of tau protein could affect its function as a microtubules stabilizer and some of the processes wherein it is involved.The molecular mechanisms leading to the accumulation of tau are principally signified by numerous posttranslational modifications that change its conformation and structural state.Therefore,aberrant phosphorylation,as well as truncation of tau protein,has come into focus as significant mechanisms that make tau protein in a pathological entity.Furthermore,the shape-shifting nature of tau advocates to comprehend the progression of Alzheimer’s disease precisely.In this review,we emphasize the recent studies about the toxic and shape-shifting nature of tau in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
目的分析糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)患者中医证候、证素分布特征及规律。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(WF)、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、Pubmed、Embase数据库中DKD中医证候的临床研究及临床调查文献,检...目的分析糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)患者中医证候、证素分布特征及规律。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(WF)、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、Pubmed、Embase数据库中DKD中医证候的临床研究及临床调查文献,检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2022年6月30日。采用Excel 2019提取DKD不同分期患者的中医证候、证素信息,建立数据库,对不同分期患者中医证候、证素进行统计描述分析。结果共纳入文献97篇,纳入的文献中均未涉及Ⅰ期,报道DKDⅡ~Ⅴ期患者18001例,其中Ⅱ期419例、Ⅲ期8702例、Ⅳ期6207例、Ⅴ期2673例;涉及证型34种,证素24种(其中病位证素6个、病性证素18个)。在总体分布中构成比≥3%的证型有12种,包括血瘀证(5017例次)、气阴两虚证(4466例次)、气虚证(3057例次)、阴虚证(2680例次)、阳虚证(2216例次)、痰湿证(2019例次)、脾肾气虚证(2003例次)、湿热证(2001例次)、阴阳两虚证(1985例次)、湿浊证(1832例次)、阴虚燥热证(1261例次)、血虚证(1025例次)。在DKD不同分期中,Ⅱ期以阴虚燥热证为主(50.10%),Ⅲ期以气阴两虚证为主(19.59%),Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期均以血瘀证为主(分别为14.78%、15.23%)。病位证素:DKDⅡ期以肾、肝为主,Ⅲ~Ⅴ期病位以肾、脾为主;病性证素:Ⅱ期以阴虚、热、燥为主,Ⅲ期以阴虚、气虚、血瘀为主,Ⅳ期以阴虚、气虚、湿为主,Ⅴ期以阳虚、阴虚、湿为主。结论DKD中医证候分布呈虚实夹杂特点,本虚核心为阴虚,兼气虚、阳虚,标实以血瘀、热、湿为主,病机演变规律呈阴虚燥热→气阴两虚→血瘀。展开更多
基金the support by the Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of the amyloidβin the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular deposition of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles.Most of the Alzheimer’s drugs targeting amyloidβhave been failed in clinical trials.Particularly,tau pathology connects greatly in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.Tau protein enhances the stabilization of microtubules that leads to the appropriate function of the neuron.Changes in the quantity or the conformation of tau protein could affect its function as a microtubules stabilizer and some of the processes wherein it is involved.The molecular mechanisms leading to the accumulation of tau are principally signified by numerous posttranslational modifications that change its conformation and structural state.Therefore,aberrant phosphorylation,as well as truncation of tau protein,has come into focus as significant mechanisms that make tau protein in a pathological entity.Furthermore,the shape-shifting nature of tau advocates to comprehend the progression of Alzheimer’s disease precisely.In this review,we emphasize the recent studies about the toxic and shape-shifting nature of tau in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘目的分析糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)患者中医证候、证素分布特征及规律。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(WF)、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、Pubmed、Embase数据库中DKD中医证候的临床研究及临床调查文献,检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2022年6月30日。采用Excel 2019提取DKD不同分期患者的中医证候、证素信息,建立数据库,对不同分期患者中医证候、证素进行统计描述分析。结果共纳入文献97篇,纳入的文献中均未涉及Ⅰ期,报道DKDⅡ~Ⅴ期患者18001例,其中Ⅱ期419例、Ⅲ期8702例、Ⅳ期6207例、Ⅴ期2673例;涉及证型34种,证素24种(其中病位证素6个、病性证素18个)。在总体分布中构成比≥3%的证型有12种,包括血瘀证(5017例次)、气阴两虚证(4466例次)、气虚证(3057例次)、阴虚证(2680例次)、阳虚证(2216例次)、痰湿证(2019例次)、脾肾气虚证(2003例次)、湿热证(2001例次)、阴阳两虚证(1985例次)、湿浊证(1832例次)、阴虚燥热证(1261例次)、血虚证(1025例次)。在DKD不同分期中,Ⅱ期以阴虚燥热证为主(50.10%),Ⅲ期以气阴两虚证为主(19.59%),Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期均以血瘀证为主(分别为14.78%、15.23%)。病位证素:DKDⅡ期以肾、肝为主,Ⅲ~Ⅴ期病位以肾、脾为主;病性证素:Ⅱ期以阴虚、热、燥为主,Ⅲ期以阴虚、气虚、血瘀为主,Ⅳ期以阴虚、气虚、湿为主,Ⅴ期以阳虚、阴虚、湿为主。结论DKD中医证候分布呈虚实夹杂特点,本虚核心为阴虚,兼气虚、阳虚,标实以血瘀、热、湿为主,病机演变规律呈阴虚燥热→气阴两虚→血瘀。
