Conversion of natural forests into pure plantation forests is a common management practice in subtropical China.To evaluate the effects of forest conversion on soil fertility, microbe numbers and enzyme activities in ...Conversion of natural forests into pure plantation forests is a common management practice in subtropical China.To evaluate the effects of forest conversion on soil fertility, microbe numbers and enzyme activities in topsoils (0-10 cm)were quantified in two 33-year-old monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata (CK) and Cunninghamia lanceolata Lamb. (Chinese fir) (CF), and compared to a neighboring relict natural C. kawakamii forest (NF), in Sanming,Fujian. Five soil samples were collected once each in January, April, July, September and November in 2000 in each forest for laboratory analysis. Over the sampling year, there were significant differences for bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes between forests and between seasons (P ＜ 0.05). The largest bacteria and fungi populations were in NF, while CF contained the greatest number of actinomycetes. There were also significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) with microbial respiration for forests and seasons. Additionally, compared with NF, urease and acid phosphatase were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05)in CK and CF. Also, the correlations of soil hydrolysable N and available P to soil microbial and enzymatic activities were highly significant (P ＜ 0.01). Thus, to alter the traditional Chinese fir monoculture so as to mimic the natural forest conditions, managing mixed stands of Chinese fir and broadleaf trees or conducting crop rotation of conifers and broadleaf trees as well as minimizing forest disturbances like clear-cutting, slash burning and soil preparing, could be utilized.展开更多
Single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)is the hot topic of the current nanozyme research.Its intrinsic properties,such as high activity,stability,and low cost,present great substitutes to natural enzymes.Moreover,its fundamental...Single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)is the hot topic of the current nanozyme research.Its intrinsic properties,such as high activity,stability,and low cost,present great substitutes to natural enzymes.Moreover,its fundamental characteristics,i.e.,maximized atom utilizations and well-defined geometric and electronic structures,lead to higher catalytic activities and specificity than traditional nanozymes.SAzymes have been applied in many biomedical areas,such as anti-tumor therapy,biosensing,antibiosis,and anti-oxidation therapy.Here,we will discuss a series of representative examples of SAzymes categorized by their biomedical applications in this review.In the end,we will address the future opportunities and challenges SAzymes facing in their designs and applications.展开更多
Synthetic color is added to foods to replace natural color lost during processing. It is causes health problems mainly in children that considered Avery venerable group. This study was carried out investigate the effe...Synthetic color is added to foods to replace natural color lost during processing. It is causes health problems mainly in children that considered Avery venerable group. This study was carried out investigate the effect of using color foods (Color fruit juice for 6 - 12 hr. Tomato ketchup potato chips (TKPC) color sweet and color chocolate at low (15%) and high (30%)) concentration on serum biochemical, WBC (white blood cell)and histopathology of liver and kidney of rats for 13 week. The results indicated that no significant change in body weight gain, serum glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol. TKPC (30%) showed that significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG). Low and high concentration of color chocolate and color sweet was exhibited significant increase of TG. The level of ALT and AST was significant increase of rat’s administration color fruit juice (for 12 hr.) and TKPC at 30%. High concentration of color foods and long time administration of color fruit juice showed significant increase in serum creatinine and albumin compared to control group. Both low and high consumed of color foods exhibited significant decrease in liver GSH. High concentration of color foods lead to increase number of WBC as the result to the response of the immune system to the inflammation. Color foods were reveled change in histological structure of liver and kidney. In conclusion, the use synthetic color in various foods has adverse effect on some of biochemical analysis;and the liver and kidney histopathological structure.展开更多
The abuse of antibiotics seriously threatens the therapeutic effect.Natural products from plants,antimicrobial peptides and micro-organisms have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.The mechanism of na...The abuse of antibiotics seriously threatens the therapeutic effect.Natural products from plants,antimicrobial peptides and micro-organisms have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.The mechanism of natural products reported in recent years on S.aureus includes six types,which are the acting on bacterial cell wall,cytomembrane,metabolic pathway,protein,nucleic acid,biofilm and quorum sensing system to achieve antibacterial effect.This article summarized the mechanism of natural products reported in recent years on S.aureus.It is found that the natural products acting on cell wall or cell wall synthesis pathway key enzymes are relatively safe and highly selective.It has the prospect of developing into medicine and provides the clue to investigate and utilize natural products in antibacterial activity.展开更多
A combination therapy is discussed for the treatment of cancer, which has recently been applied successfully in a case study. The general approach is based on a combination of immune boosters, digestive enzymes and na...A combination therapy is discussed for the treatment of cancer, which has recently been applied successfully in a case study. The general approach is based on a combination of immune boosters, digestive enzymes and natural interferones. The idea is to stage a three-prong “pincer attack” on the tumor: while the immune boosters stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, the cytostatic properties of the interferones inhibit cancer growth, and the digestive enzymes accelerate the transport mechanism to remove the killed cancer cells from the body. The rationale of the therapy is explained, results of the case study are presented, and possible generalizations are mentioned.展开更多
Algae are a large group of photo synthetic organisms responsible for approximately half of the earth’s total photosynthesis.In addition to their fundamental ecological roles as oxygen producers and as the food base f...Algae are a large group of photo synthetic organisms responsible for approximately half of the earth’s total photosynthesis.In addition to their fundamental ecological roles as oxygen producers and as the food base for almost all aquatic life,algae are also a rich source of bioactive natural products,including several clinical drugs.Cytochrome P450 enzymes(P450s) are a superfamily of biocatalysts that are extensively involved in natural product biosynthesis by mediating various types of reactions.In the post-genome era,a growing number of P450 genes have been discovered from algae,indicating their important roles in algal life-cycle.However,the functional studies of algal P450s remain limited.Benefitting from the recent technical advances in algae cultivation and genetic manipulation,the researches on P450s in algal natural product biosynthesis have been approaching to a new stage.Moreover,some photoauto trophic algae have been developed into "photo-bioreactors" for heterologous P450s to produce high-value added pharmaceuticals and chemicals in a carbon-neutral or carbon-negative manner.Here,we comprehensively review these advances of P450 studies in algae from 2000 to 2021.展开更多
基金the Basic Research Program of Fujian Province (No. 2000-F-004).
文摘Conversion of natural forests into pure plantation forests is a common management practice in subtropical China.To evaluate the effects of forest conversion on soil fertility, microbe numbers and enzyme activities in topsoils (0-10 cm)were quantified in two 33-year-old monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata (CK) and Cunninghamia lanceolata Lamb. (Chinese fir) (CF), and compared to a neighboring relict natural C. kawakamii forest (NF), in Sanming,Fujian. Five soil samples were collected once each in January, April, July, September and November in 2000 in each forest for laboratory analysis. Over the sampling year, there were significant differences for bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes between forests and between seasons (P ＜ 0.05). The largest bacteria and fungi populations were in NF, while CF contained the greatest number of actinomycetes. There were also significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) with microbial respiration for forests and seasons. Additionally, compared with NF, urease and acid phosphatase were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05)in CK and CF. Also, the correlations of soil hydrolysable N and available P to soil microbial and enzymatic activities were highly significant (P ＜ 0.01). Thus, to alter the traditional Chinese fir monoculture so as to mimic the natural forest conditions, managing mixed stands of Chinese fir and broadleaf trees or conducting crop rotation of conifers and broadleaf trees as well as minimizing forest disturbances like clear-cutting, slash burning and soil preparing, could be utilized.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(No.2017YFA0205501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2225026 and 82172087)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2018017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690383).
文摘Single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)is the hot topic of the current nanozyme research.Its intrinsic properties,such as high activity,stability,and low cost,present great substitutes to natural enzymes.Moreover,its fundamental characteristics,i.e.,maximized atom utilizations and well-defined geometric and electronic structures,lead to higher catalytic activities and specificity than traditional nanozymes.SAzymes have been applied in many biomedical areas,such as anti-tumor therapy,biosensing,antibiosis,and anti-oxidation therapy.Here,we will discuss a series of representative examples of SAzymes categorized by their biomedical applications in this review.In the end,we will address the future opportunities and challenges SAzymes facing in their designs and applications.
文摘Synthetic color is added to foods to replace natural color lost during processing. It is causes health problems mainly in children that considered Avery venerable group. This study was carried out investigate the effect of using color foods (Color fruit juice for 6 - 12 hr. Tomato ketchup potato chips (TKPC) color sweet and color chocolate at low (15%) and high (30%)) concentration on serum biochemical, WBC (white blood cell)and histopathology of liver and kidney of rats for 13 week. The results indicated that no significant change in body weight gain, serum glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol. TKPC (30%) showed that significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG). Low and high concentration of color chocolate and color sweet was exhibited significant increase of TG. The level of ALT and AST was significant increase of rat’s administration color fruit juice (for 12 hr.) and TKPC at 30%. High concentration of color foods and long time administration of color fruit juice showed significant increase in serum creatinine and albumin compared to control group. Both low and high consumed of color foods exhibited significant decrease in liver GSH. High concentration of color foods lead to increase number of WBC as the result to the response of the immune system to the inflammation. Color foods were reveled change in histological structure of liver and kidney. In conclusion, the use synthetic color in various foods has adverse effect on some of biochemical analysis;and the liver and kidney histopathological structure.
基金This work was supported by Science and Technology Development Program of Henan Province(212102310354)Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(21B360001)College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training of Henan University Minsheng College(MSCXSY2020078,KCCXSY-2021-073).
文摘The abuse of antibiotics seriously threatens the therapeutic effect.Natural products from plants,antimicrobial peptides and micro-organisms have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.The mechanism of natural products reported in recent years on S.aureus includes six types,which are the acting on bacterial cell wall,cytomembrane,metabolic pathway,protein,nucleic acid,biofilm and quorum sensing system to achieve antibacterial effect.This article summarized the mechanism of natural products reported in recent years on S.aureus.It is found that the natural products acting on cell wall or cell wall synthesis pathway key enzymes are relatively safe and highly selective.It has the prospect of developing into medicine and provides the clue to investigate and utilize natural products in antibacterial activity.
文摘A combination therapy is discussed for the treatment of cancer, which has recently been applied successfully in a case study. The general approach is based on a combination of immune boosters, digestive enzymes and natural interferones. The idea is to stage a three-prong “pincer attack” on the tumor: while the immune boosters stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, the cytostatic properties of the interferones inhibit cancer growth, and the digestive enzymes accelerate the transport mechanism to remove the killed cancer cells from the body. The rationale of the therapy is explained, results of the case study are presented, and possible generalizations are mentioned.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000039,32025001,31972815 and 42176124)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019ZD20,ZR2019ZD17 and ZR2020ZD23)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(2019GN031)the Scientific Research Fund of Binzhou Medical University(BY2021KYQD25)。
文摘Algae are a large group of photo synthetic organisms responsible for approximately half of the earth’s total photosynthesis.In addition to their fundamental ecological roles as oxygen producers and as the food base for almost all aquatic life,algae are also a rich source of bioactive natural products,including several clinical drugs.Cytochrome P450 enzymes(P450s) are a superfamily of biocatalysts that are extensively involved in natural product biosynthesis by mediating various types of reactions.In the post-genome era,a growing number of P450 genes have been discovered from algae,indicating their important roles in algal life-cycle.However,the functional studies of algal P450s remain limited.Benefitting from the recent technical advances in algae cultivation and genetic manipulation,the researches on P450s in algal natural product biosynthesis have been approaching to a new stage.Moreover,some photoauto trophic algae have been developed into "photo-bioreactors" for heterologous P450s to produce high-value added pharmaceuticals and chemicals in a carbon-neutral or carbon-negative manner.Here,we comprehensively review these advances of P450 studies in algae from 2000 to 2021.
