The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quaran...The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.展开更多
Background:An outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases(COVID-19)in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China has spread quickly nationwide.Here,we report results of a descriptive,exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of ...Background:An outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases(COVID-19)in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China has spread quickly nationwide.Here,we report results of a descriptive,exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of February 11,2020.Methods:All COVID-19 cases reported through February 11,2020 were extracted from China’s Infectious Disease Information System.Analyses included the following:(1)summary of patient characteristics;(2)examination of age distributions and sex ratios;(3)calculation of case fatality and mortality rates;(4)geo-temporal analysis of viral spread;(5)epidemiological curve construction;and (6)subgroup analysis.Results:A total of 72,314 patient records—44,672(61.8%)confirmed cases,16,186(22.4%)suspected cases,10,567(14.6%)clinically diagnosed cases(Hubei Province only),and 889 asymptomatic cases(1.2%)-contributed data for the analysis.Among confirmed cases,most were aged 30–79 years(86.6%),diagnosed in Hubei(74.7%),and considered mild(80.9%).A total of 1,023 deaths occurred among confirmed cases for an overall case fatality rate of 2.3%.The COVID-19 spread outward from Hubei Province sometime after December 2019,and by February 11,2020,1,386 counties across all 31 provinces were affected.The epidemic curve of onset of symptoms peaked around January 23–26,then began to decline leading up to February 11.A total of 1,716 health workers have become infected and 5 have died(0.3%).Conclusions:COVID-19 epidemic has spread very quickly taking only 30 days to expand from Hubei to the rest of China's Mainland.With many people returning from a long holiday,China needs to prepare for the possible rebound of the epidemic.展开更多
The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quaran...The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.展开更多
Objective To examine Clonorchis sinensis infection in China and evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control it,two nationwide surveys were undertaken in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalit...Objective To examine Clonorchis sinensis infection in China and evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control it,two nationwide surveys were undertaken in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities（PAMs） during 1988-92（the 1990 survey） and during 2001-04（the 2003 survey）.Methods During the period 2001-04,two sampling methods were applied.The first method repeated the stratified cluster random sampling used in the 1990 survey;the second method applied two-characteristic stratified cluster random sampling in 27 PAMs—the 2003 endemic area（EA） survey.The Kato-Katz thick smear method was used for the nationwide survey.Results The infection rates of Clonorchis sinensis in the 1990 and 2003 surveys were 0.311% and 0.579%,respectively.The infection rate was 2.40% in the 2003 EA survey,and it was estimated that 12.49 million people in China were infected with Clonorchis sinensis.Conclusion The 2003 survey showed that the standardized infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis increased by 74.85% compared with the 1990 survey.The infection rate in males was higher than in females;the infection rate among people eating raw fish or eating out frequently was higher than among those who did not.展开更多
AIM To assess the effect of early vs late endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) on mortality and readmissions in acute cholangitis, using a nationally representative sample.METHODS We used the 2014 Nati...AIM To assess the effect of early vs late endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) on mortality and readmissions in acute cholangitis, using a nationally representative sample.METHODS We used the 2014 National Readmissions Database to identify adult patients hospitalized with acute cholangitis who underwent therapeutic ERCP within one week of admission. Early ERCP was defined as ERCP performed on the same day of admission or the next day(days 0 or 1, < 48 h), and late ERCP was performed on days 2 to 7 of admission. Patients with severe cholangitis had any of the following additional diagnoses: Severe sepsis, septic shock, acute renal failure,acute respiratory failure, or thrombocytopenia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds of association of ERCP timing with inhospital mortality, 30-d mortality, and 30-d readmissions, controlling for age, sex,severe disease and comorbidities.RESULTS Four thousand five hundred and seventy patients satisfied the inclusion criteria;with a mean age of 64.1 years. Of these, 66.6% had early ERCP, while 33.4% had late ERCP. Early ERCP was associated with lower in-hospital mortality [1.2% vs2.4%, adjusted odds ratio(aOR) = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.76-0.83, P = 0.001] and lower 30-d mortality(1.5% vs 3.3%, aOR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.33-0.69, P < 0.0001) compared to the late ERCP group. Similarly, early ERCP was associated with lower 30-d readmissions(9.7% vs 15.1%, aOR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.49-0.7, P < 0.0001). When stratified by severity of cholangitis, there was a similar benefit of early ERCP on all outcomes in those with and without severe cholangitis. The mean length of stay was higher in the late ERCP group compared to the early ERCP group(6.9 d vs 4.5 d, P < 0.0001). The mean hospitalization cost was higher in the late ERCP group($21459 vs $16939, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION Early ERCP is associated with lower in-hospital and 30-d mortality in those with or without severe cholangitis. Regardless of severity, we suggest performing early ERCP.展开更多
Background Although vascular dementia(VaD)is not uncommon in the hospital,most studies on VaD are community based.This study on VaD is the first to use a national hospital information system(HIS)in China.Methods This ...Background Although vascular dementia(VaD)is not uncommon in the hospital,most studies on VaD are community based.This study on VaD is the first to use a national hospital information system(HIS)in China.Methods This study was a hospital population-based cohort study,and data were acquired from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System,a Chinese national database that covers 1531 tertiary hospitals in China.The medical records in the HIS included demographic information,diagnoses,procedures,expenses,etc.VaD was diagnosed by hospital attending physicians and identified by the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)10 code(F01.0-F01.9).Results 1259(82.23%)tertiary hospitals were included in this study,and 274230 hospitalisation records of 123700 VaD patients from 2016 to 2018 were identified for analysis.VaD(51.27%)was the most common type of dementia in hospitalised patients.The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hospital incidence of VaD was estimated to be 2.97 per 100000 person-years(95%CI 2.92 to 3.02).The mean age of VaD patients admitted to hospitals was 74.13±10.88,with more male(61.0%)patients.The main comorbidities were hypertension(67.2%),heart disease(63.6%)and cerebral infarction(55.5%).The mortality rate of VaD in hospital was 28.91‰(95%CI 28.0 to 29.9)between 2016 and 2018.The top 1 cause of death due to VaD was pneumonia and other respiratory disorders.Conclusions VaD is the most common form of dementia in hospitalised patients.It casts huge burdens on affected patients and their caregivers.Vascular risk factors are prevalent in VaD patients.Reducing these factors is essential to improve patient care.The leading causes of death by VaD are pneumonia and other respiratory disorders.Hospital care and the management of respiratory illness are critical for VaD care in the hospital.展开更多
Introduction:Brucellosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease with its main mode of transmission from livestock to humans.The study analyzed epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis from 2016 to 201...Introduction:Brucellosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease with its main mode of transmission from livestock to humans.The study analyzed epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis from 2016 to 2019 in China,aiming to understand progress of the National Program of Brucellosis Prevention and Control.Methods:The research obtained data on human brucellosis cases reported through China’s National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS)from January 1,2016 to December 31,2019 and described brucellosis epidemiological patterns by region,seasonality,age,sex,and occupation.Results:The number of cases reported nationwide in China decreased from 47,139(3.4/100,000)in 2016 to 37,947(2.7/100,000)in 2018,and then increased to 44,036(3.2/100,000)in 2019,with an average annual incidence of 3.0/100,000 during the four study years.Brucellosis in Xinjiang declined from 35.6/100,000 in 2016 to 16.3/100,000 in 2019-an average annual decrease of 22.9%.Brucellosis in Inner Mongolia increased from 23.8/100,000 in 2016 to 54.4/100,000 in 2019-an average increase of 31.8%per year and accounting for 22%of all reported cases.Northern China reported 95.2%of cases during this period and still had an incidence of 7.2/100,000 and 87.0%of counties being affected by brucellosis in 2019.In this region in 2019,males aged 45-64 years old had an incidence of over 15.9/100,000,compared with over 7.0/100,000 among females aged 45-64 years old.Conclusions:Although there was progress in prevention and control of human brucellosis in some provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in 2016 through 2019,progress was limited nationwide and there was an overall resurgence of brucellosis in 2019.The resurgence was primarily in Inner Mongolia.An One Health approach should be strengthened to ensure successful and sustainable brucellosis prevention and control in China.展开更多
AIM:To investigate national trends in distal pancreatectomy(DP) through query of three national patient care databases.METHODS:From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS,2003-2009),the National Surgical Quality Improvem...AIM:To investigate national trends in distal pancreatectomy(DP) through query of three national patient care databases.METHODS:From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS,2003-2009),the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project(NSQIP,2005-2010),and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results(SEER,2003-2009) databases using appropriate diagnostic and procedural codes we identified all patients with a diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion of the body and/or tail of the pancreas that had undergone a partial or distal pancreatectomy.Utilization of laparoscopy was defined in NIS by the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision correspondent procedure code;and in NSQIP by the exploratory laparoscopy or unlisted procedure current procedural terminology codes.In SEER,patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology,Third Edition diagnosis codes and the SEER Program Code Manual,third edition procedure codes.We analyzed the databases with respect to trends of inpatient outcome metrics,oncologic outcomes,and hospital volumes in patients with lesions of the neck and body of the pancreas that underwent operative resection.RESULTS:NIS,NSQIP and SEER identified 4242,2681 and 11 082 DP resections,respectively.Overall,laparoscopy was utilized in 15%(NIS) and 27%(NSQIP).No significant increase was seen over the course of the study.Resection was performed for malignancy in 59%(NIS) and 66%(NSQIP).Neither patient Body mass index nor comorbidities were associated with operative approach(P = 0.95 and P = 0.96,respectively).Mortality(3% vs 2%,P = 0.05) and reoperation(4% vs 4%,P = 1.0) was not different between laparoscopy and open groups.Overall complications(10% vs 15%,P < 0.001),hospital costs [44 741 dollars,interquartile range(IQR) 28 347-74 114 dollars vs 49 792 dollars,IQR 13 299-73 463,P = 0.02] and hospital length of stay(7 d,IQR 4-11 d vs 7 d,IQR 6-10,P < 0.001) were less when laparoscopy was utilized.One and two year survival after resection for malignancy were unchan展开更多
Rapid industrialization and economic development have left a great amount of industrial facilities,such as chemical,smelting and mining industries,throughout the country over the past few decades.As a result,a wide ra...Rapid industrialization and economic development have left a great amount of industrial facilities,such as chemical,smelting and mining industries,throughout the country over the past few decades.As a result,a wide range of toxic pollutants are generated and discharged directly or indirectly into the soil environment[1].展开更多
In an era of globalization and informatisation,a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)imposes a huge impact on everyone’s life[1],as what the COVID-19 has demonstrated at the moment.Under China’s n...In an era of globalization and informatisation,a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)imposes a huge impact on everyone’s life[1],as what the COVID-19 has demonstrated at the moment.Under China’s nationwide quarantine and extremely strict epidemic prevention measures,it becomes increasingly critical for China and the world to know the evolving trend,though unclear yet,for the sake of the global economy.This is mainly due to the following two important reasons[2].First of all,because of the quarantine,a sudden shutdown of manufacturing in China(now the second largest economy of the world)would break the global supply chain,with the potential to eliminate China’s current advantageous position.Secondly,many small enterprises in the service industry are facing death or life situation with the spreading disease,and many will bankrupt[3].When the inflection point of the COVID-19 epidemic appears suddenly becomes a critical issue for China and the world.展开更多
文摘The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Foundation of China(2018ZX10201002-008-002),and by National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC,71934002).
文摘Background:An outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases(COVID-19)in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China has spread quickly nationwide.Here,we report results of a descriptive,exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of February 11,2020.Methods:All COVID-19 cases reported through February 11,2020 were extracted from China’s Infectious Disease Information System.Analyses included the following:(1)summary of patient characteristics;(2)examination of age distributions and sex ratios;(3)calculation of case fatality and mortality rates;(4)geo-temporal analysis of viral spread;(5)epidemiological curve construction;and (6)subgroup analysis.Results:A total of 72,314 patient records—44,672(61.8%)confirmed cases,16,186(22.4%)suspected cases,10,567(14.6%)clinically diagnosed cases(Hubei Province only),and 889 asymptomatic cases(1.2%)-contributed data for the analysis.Among confirmed cases,most were aged 30–79 years(86.6%),diagnosed in Hubei(74.7%),and considered mild(80.9%).A total of 1,023 deaths occurred among confirmed cases for an overall case fatality rate of 2.3%.The COVID-19 spread outward from Hubei Province sometime after December 2019,and by February 11,2020,1,386 counties across all 31 provinces were affected.The epidemic curve of onset of symptoms peaked around January 23–26,then began to decline leading up to February 11.A total of 1,716 health workers have become infected and 5 have died(0.3%).Conclusions:COVID-19 epidemic has spread very quickly taking only 30 days to expand from Hubei to the rest of China's Mainland.With many people returning from a long holiday,China needs to prepare for the possible rebound of the epidemic.
文摘The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.
文摘Objective To examine Clonorchis sinensis infection in China and evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control it,two nationwide surveys were undertaken in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities（PAMs） during 1988-92（the 1990 survey） and during 2001-04（the 2003 survey）.Methods During the period 2001-04,two sampling methods were applied.The first method repeated the stratified cluster random sampling used in the 1990 survey;the second method applied two-characteristic stratified cluster random sampling in 27 PAMs—the 2003 endemic area（EA） survey.The Kato-Katz thick smear method was used for the nationwide survey.Results The infection rates of Clonorchis sinensis in the 1990 and 2003 surveys were 0.311% and 0.579%,respectively.The infection rate was 2.40% in the 2003 EA survey,and it was estimated that 12.49 million people in China were infected with Clonorchis sinensis.Conclusion The 2003 survey showed that the standardized infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis increased by 74.85% compared with the 1990 survey.The infection rate in males was higher than in females;the infection rate among people eating raw fish or eating out frequently was higher than among those who did not.
文摘AIM To assess the effect of early vs late endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) on mortality and readmissions in acute cholangitis, using a nationally representative sample.METHODS We used the 2014 National Readmissions Database to identify adult patients hospitalized with acute cholangitis who underwent therapeutic ERCP within one week of admission. Early ERCP was defined as ERCP performed on the same day of admission or the next day(days 0 or 1, < 48 h), and late ERCP was performed on days 2 to 7 of admission. Patients with severe cholangitis had any of the following additional diagnoses: Severe sepsis, septic shock, acute renal failure,acute respiratory failure, or thrombocytopenia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds of association of ERCP timing with inhospital mortality, 30-d mortality, and 30-d readmissions, controlling for age, sex,severe disease and comorbidities.RESULTS Four thousand five hundred and seventy patients satisfied the inclusion criteria;with a mean age of 64.1 years. Of these, 66.6% had early ERCP, while 33.4% had late ERCP. Early ERCP was associated with lower in-hospital mortality [1.2% vs2.4%, adjusted odds ratio(aOR) = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.76-0.83, P = 0.001] and lower 30-d mortality(1.5% vs 3.3%, aOR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.33-0.69, P < 0.0001) compared to the late ERCP group. Similarly, early ERCP was associated with lower 30-d readmissions(9.7% vs 15.1%, aOR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.49-0.7, P < 0.0001). When stratified by severity of cholangitis, there was a similar benefit of early ERCP on all outcomes in those with and without severe cholangitis. The mean length of stay was higher in the late ERCP group compared to the early ERCP group(6.9 d vs 4.5 d, P < 0.0001). The mean hospitalization cost was higher in the late ERCP group($21459 vs $16939, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION Early ERCP is associated with lower in-hospital and 30-d mortality in those with or without severe cholangitis. Regardless of severity, we suggest performing early ERCP.
基金the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Grant No.Z181100001518005)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39000000).
文摘Background Although vascular dementia(VaD)is not uncommon in the hospital,most studies on VaD are community based.This study on VaD is the first to use a national hospital information system(HIS)in China.Methods This study was a hospital population-based cohort study,and data were acquired from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System,a Chinese national database that covers 1531 tertiary hospitals in China.The medical records in the HIS included demographic information,diagnoses,procedures,expenses,etc.VaD was diagnosed by hospital attending physicians and identified by the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)10 code(F01.0-F01.9).Results 1259(82.23%)tertiary hospitals were included in this study,and 274230 hospitalisation records of 123700 VaD patients from 2016 to 2018 were identified for analysis.VaD(51.27%)was the most common type of dementia in hospitalised patients.The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hospital incidence of VaD was estimated to be 2.97 per 100000 person-years(95%CI 2.92 to 3.02).The mean age of VaD patients admitted to hospitals was 74.13±10.88,with more male(61.0%)patients.The main comorbidities were hypertension(67.2%),heart disease(63.6%)and cerebral infarction(55.5%).The mortality rate of VaD in hospital was 28.91‰(95%CI 28.0 to 29.9)between 2016 and 2018.The top 1 cause of death due to VaD was pneumonia and other respiratory disorders.Conclusions VaD is the most common form of dementia in hospitalised patients.It casts huge burdens on affected patients and their caregivers.Vascular risk factors are prevalent in VaD patients.Reducing these factors is essential to improve patient care.The leading causes of death by VaD are pneumonia and other respiratory disorders.Hospital care and the management of respiratory illness are critical for VaD care in the hospital.
基金This work was supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018ZX10101002-003-002).
文摘Introduction:Brucellosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease with its main mode of transmission from livestock to humans.The study analyzed epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis from 2016 to 2019 in China,aiming to understand progress of the National Program of Brucellosis Prevention and Control.Methods:The research obtained data on human brucellosis cases reported through China’s National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS)from January 1,2016 to December 31,2019 and described brucellosis epidemiological patterns by region,seasonality,age,sex,and occupation.Results:The number of cases reported nationwide in China decreased from 47,139(3.4/100,000)in 2016 to 37,947(2.7/100,000)in 2018,and then increased to 44,036(3.2/100,000)in 2019,with an average annual incidence of 3.0/100,000 during the four study years.Brucellosis in Xinjiang declined from 35.6/100,000 in 2016 to 16.3/100,000 in 2019-an average annual decrease of 22.9%.Brucellosis in Inner Mongolia increased from 23.8/100,000 in 2016 to 54.4/100,000 in 2019-an average increase of 31.8%per year and accounting for 22%of all reported cases.Northern China reported 95.2%of cases during this period and still had an incidence of 7.2/100,000 and 87.0%of counties being affected by brucellosis in 2019.In this region in 2019,males aged 45-64 years old had an incidence of over 15.9/100,000,compared with over 7.0/100,000 among females aged 45-64 years old.Conclusions:Although there was progress in prevention and control of human brucellosis in some provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in 2016 through 2019,progress was limited nationwide and there was an overall resurgence of brucellosis in 2019.The resurgence was primarily in Inner Mongolia.An One Health approach should be strengthened to ensure successful and sustainable brucellosis prevention and control in China.
文摘AIM:To investigate national trends in distal pancreatectomy(DP) through query of three national patient care databases.METHODS:From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS,2003-2009),the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project(NSQIP,2005-2010),and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results(SEER,2003-2009) databases using appropriate diagnostic and procedural codes we identified all patients with a diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion of the body and/or tail of the pancreas that had undergone a partial or distal pancreatectomy.Utilization of laparoscopy was defined in NIS by the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision correspondent procedure code;and in NSQIP by the exploratory laparoscopy or unlisted procedure current procedural terminology codes.In SEER,patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology,Third Edition diagnosis codes and the SEER Program Code Manual,third edition procedure codes.We analyzed the databases with respect to trends of inpatient outcome metrics,oncologic outcomes,and hospital volumes in patients with lesions of the neck and body of the pancreas that underwent operative resection.RESULTS:NIS,NSQIP and SEER identified 4242,2681 and 11 082 DP resections,respectively.Overall,laparoscopy was utilized in 15%(NIS) and 27%(NSQIP).No significant increase was seen over the course of the study.Resection was performed for malignancy in 59%(NIS) and 66%(NSQIP).Neither patient Body mass index nor comorbidities were associated with operative approach(P = 0.95 and P = 0.96,respectively).Mortality(3% vs 2%,P = 0.05) and reoperation(4% vs 4%,P = 1.0) was not different between laparoscopy and open groups.Overall complications(10% vs 15%,P < 0.001),hospital costs [44 741 dollars,interquartile range(IQR) 28 347-74 114 dollars vs 49 792 dollars,IQR 13 299-73 463,P = 0.02] and hospital length of stay(7 d,IQR 4-11 d vs 7 d,IQR 6-10,P < 0.001) were less when laparoscopy was utilized.One and two year survival after resection for malignancy were unchan
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1800600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42022057 and U1906225)。
文摘Rapid industrialization and economic development have left a great amount of industrial facilities,such as chemical,smelting and mining industries,throughout the country over the past few decades.As a result,a wide range of toxic pollutants are generated and discharged directly or indirectly into the soil environment[1].
基金This work was supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41590840).
文摘In an era of globalization and informatisation,a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)imposes a huge impact on everyone’s life[1],as what the COVID-19 has demonstrated at the moment.Under China’s nationwide quarantine and extremely strict epidemic prevention measures,it becomes increasingly critical for China and the world to know the evolving trend,though unclear yet,for the sake of the global economy.This is mainly due to the following two important reasons[2].First of all,because of the quarantine,a sudden shutdown of manufacturing in China(now the second largest economy of the world)would break the global supply chain,with the potential to eliminate China’s current advantageous position.Secondly,many small enterprises in the service industry are facing death or life situation with the spreading disease,and many will bankrupt[3].When the inflection point of the COVID-19 epidemic appears suddenly becomes a critical issue for China and the world.
