Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Alt...Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops,injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new,highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.展开更多
Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction caused by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)is an early event of sporadic Alzheimer's disease(AD),and considered to be a key pathologic factor in the progression of AD.The ta...Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction caused by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)is an early event of sporadic Alzheimer's disease(AD),and considered to be a key pathologic factor in the progression of AD.The targeted delivery of the antioxidants to mitochondria of injured neurons in brain is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.A safe and effective drug delivery system(DDS)which is able to cross the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and target neuronal mitochondria is necessary.Recently,bioactive materials-based DDS has been widely investigated for the treatment of AD.Herein,we developed macrophage(MA)membrane-coated solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs)by attaching rabies virus glycoprotein(RVG29)and triphenylphosphine cation(TPP)molecules to the surface of MA membrane(RVG/TPP-MASLNs)for functional antioxidant delivery to neuronal mitochondria.According to the results,MA membranes camouflaged the SLNs from being eliminated by RESrich organs by inheriting the immunological characteristics of macrophages.The unique properties of the DDS after decoration with RVG29 on the surface was demonstrated by the ability to cross the BBB and the selective targeting to neurons.After entering the neurons in CNS,TPP further lead the DDS to mitochondria driven by electric charge.The Genistein(GS)-encapsulated DDS(RVG/TPP-MASLNs-GS)exhibited the most favorable effects on reliveing AD symptoms in vitro and in vivo by the synergies gained from the combination of MA membranes,RVG29 and TPP.These results demonstrated a promising therapeutic candidate for delaying the progression of AD via neuronal mitochondria-targeted delivery by the designed biomimetic nanosystems.展开更多
Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions,properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down approaches.These nanowires or nanotubes have also been utiliz...Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions,properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down approaches.These nanowires or nanotubes have also been utilized as potential building blocks for functional nanodevices.The key for the integration of those nanowire or nanotube based devices is to assemble these one dimensional nanomaterials to specific locations using techniques that are highly controllable and scalable.Ideally such techniques should enable assembly of highly uniform nanowire/nanotube arrays with precise control of density,location,dimension or even material types of nanowires/nanotubes.Numerous assembly techniques are being developed that can quickly align and assemble large quantities of one type or multiple types of nanowires through parallel processes,including flow-assisted alignment,Langmuir-Blodgett assembly,bubble-blown technique,electric/magnetic-field directed assembly,contact/roll printing,knocking-down,etc..With these assembling techniques,applications of nanowire/nanotube based devices such as flexible electronics and sensors have been demonstrated.This paper delivers an overall review of directed nanowire/nanotube assembling approaches and analyzes advantages and limitations of each method.The future research directions have also been discussed.展开更多
Modern medicine is expanding the possibilities of receiving "personalized" diagnosis and therapies,providing minimal invasiveness,technological solutions based on non-ionizing radiation,early detection of pa...Modern medicine is expanding the possibilities of receiving "personalized" diagnosis and therapies,providing minimal invasiveness,technological solutions based on non-ionizing radiation,early detection of pathologies with the main objectives of being operator independent and with low cost to society.Our research activities aim to strongly contribute to these trends by improving the capabilities of current diagnostic imaging systems,which are of key importance in possibly providing both optimal diagnosis and therapies to patients.In medical diagnostics,cellular imaging aims to develop new methods and technologies for the detection of specific metabolic processes in living organisms,in order to accurately identify and discriminate normal from pathological tissues.In fact,most diseases have a "molecular basis" that detected through these new diagnostic methodologies can provide enormous benefits to medicine.Nowadays,this possibility is mainly related to the use of Positron Emission Tomography,with an exposure to ionizing radiation for patients and operators and with extremely high medical diagnosticscosts.The future possible development of non-ionizing cellular imaging based on techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or Ultrasound,would represent an important step towards modern and personalized therapies.During the last decade,the field of nanotechnology has made important progress and a wide range of organic and inorganic nanomaterials are now available with an incredible number of further combinations with other compounds for cellular targeting.The availability of these new advanced nanosystems allows new scenarios in diagnostic methodologies which are potentially capable of providing morphological and functional information together with metabolic and cellular indications.展开更多
Metabolic reprogramming allows tumor cells to prefer aerobic glycolysis as the main energy source,resulting in the massive accumulation of lactate in the tumor microenvironment(TME).It is found that lactate is no long...Metabolic reprogramming allows tumor cells to prefer aerobic glycolysis as the main energy source,resulting in the massive accumulation of lactate in the tumor microenvironment(TME).It is found that lactate is no longer a waste product produced by glycolysis,but plays an important role in cancer progression.The modulation of lactate in the TME has become a promising target for cancer therapy.Although many small molecular inhibitors modulating the production or transport of lactate have appeared at present,their safety and efficacy have limited their further clinical application due to their non-specific targets and biodistribution.Studies have shown that nanomedicine has unique advantages,improving drug delivery efficiency and treatment efficacy while reducing damage to normal tissues,which greatly promotes the development of the research of nanosystems based on lactate modulation.In this review,we summarize the source and metabolism of lactate,the effect of lactate on the TME and recent advances in nanosystem-mediated strategies of lactate modulation for enhanced cancer therapy,hoping to provide ideas and directions for future research in related fields.展开更多
Development of the orbital-free (OF) approach of the density functional theory (DFT) may result in a power instrument for modeling of complicated nanosystems with a huge number of atoms. A key problem on this way is c...Development of the orbital-free (OF) approach of the density functional theory (DFT) may result in a power instrument for modeling of complicated nanosystems with a huge number of atoms. A key problem on this way is calculation of the kinetic energy. We demonstrate how it is possible to create the OF kinetic energy functionals using results of Kohn-Sham calculations for single atoms. Calculations provided with these functionals for dimers of sp-elements of the C, Si, and Ge periodic table rows show a good accordance with the Kohn-Sham DFT results.展开更多
Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramo...Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems has brought the field of supramolecular chemistry into the nanoworld,providing a potential solution to this challenge.Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic platforms,supramolecular host-guest nanosystems can reverse cancer drug resistance by increasing drug uptake,reducing drug efflux,activating drugs,and inhibiting DNA repair.Herein,we summarize the research progress of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance and discuss the future research direction in this field.It is hoped that this review will provide more positive references for overcoming cancer drug resistance and promoting the development of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems.展开更多
This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory s...This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotu展开更多
Because of enhanced e cacy and lower side e ects,cancer immunotherapies have recently been extensively investigated in clinical trials to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer monotherapies.Although engineer...Because of enhanced e cacy and lower side e ects,cancer immunotherapies have recently been extensively investigated in clinical trials to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer monotherapies.Although engineering attempts have been made to build nanosystems even including stimulus nanomaterials for the e cient delivery of antigens,adjuvants,or anticancer drugs to improve immunogenic cancer cell death,this requires huge R&D e orts and investment for clinically relevant findings to be approved for translation of the nanosystems.To this end,in this study,an air–liquid two-phase electrospray was developed for stable bubble pressing under a balance between mechanical and electrical parameters of the spray to continuously produce biomimetic nanosystems consisting of only clinically relevant compounds[paclitaxel-loaded fake blood cell Eudragit particle(Eu-FBCP/PTX)]to provide a conceptual leap for the timely development of translatable chemo-immunotherapeutic nanosystems.This was pursued as the e cacy of systems for delivering anticancer agents that has been mainly influenced by nanosystem shape because of its relevance to transporting behavior to organs,blood circulation,and cell–membrane interactions.The resulting Eu-FBCP/PTX nanosystems exhibiting phagocytic and micropinocytic uptake behaviors can confer better e cacy in chemo-immunotherapeutics in the absence and presence of anti-PD-L1 antibodies than similar sized PTX-loaded spherical Eu particles(Eu-s/PTX).展开更多
The existence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system(CNS),which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases,including glioblastoma,...The existence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system(CNS),which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases,including glioblastoma,Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).With the advantage of bypassing the BBB and avoiding systemic distribution,intranasal administration has emerged as an alternative method of delivering drugs to the brain.Drug delivery directly to the brain using intranasal nanosystems represents a new paradigm for neurological disease treatment because of its advantages in improving drug solubility and stability in vivo,enabling targeted drug delivery and controlled release,and reducing non-specific toxicity.And it has shown efficacy in animal models and clinical applications.Herein,this review describes the mechanisms of intranasal delivery of brain-targeted drugs,the properties of nanosystems for intranasal administration(e.g.,liposomes,nanoemulsions,and micelles),and strategies for intranasal drug delivery to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery.Recent applications of nanosystems in intranasal drug delivery and disease treatment have been comprehensively reviewed.Although encouraging results have been reported,significant challenges still need to be overcome to translate these nanosystems into clinics.Therefore,the future prospects of intranasal drug delivery nanosystems are discussed in depth,expecting to provide useful insights and guidance for effective neurological disease treatment.展开更多
The application of smart supramolecular nanosystems in biomedicine increases rapidly and offers promising prospects for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Supramolecular nanosystems such as liposomes,micelles,or-gan...The application of smart supramolecular nanosystems in biomedicine increases rapidly and offers promising prospects for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Supramolecular nanosystems such as liposomes,micelles,or-ganic nanoaggregates and metallic nanostructures etc.have been widely explored as diagnostic/therapeutic tools.Here,we review the recent advances in supramolecular nanosystems with different builtin reporters,e.g.,fluorescent,magnetic and photoacoustic signals for bioimaging.In addition,the substantial progress of supramolecular nanosystems as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy,including chemotherapy,photothermal and photodynamic therapies is also summarized.展开更多
In this article,an introduction is presented about the energy harvesting technologies that have potential for powering nanosystems.Our discussion mainly focuses on the approaches other than the well-known solar cell a...In this article,an introduction is presented about the energy harvesting technologies that have potential for powering nanosystems.Our discussion mainly focuses on the approaches other than the well-known solar cell and thermoelectrics.We mainly introduce the piezoelectric nanogenerators developed using aligned ZnO nanowire arrays.This is a potential technology for converting mechanical movement energy(such as body movement,muscle stretching,blood pressure),vibration energy(such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave),and hydraulic energy(such as fl ow of body fl uid,blood fl ow,contraction of blood vessel,dynamic fl uid in nature)into electric energy for self-powered nanosystems.展开更多
文摘Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops,injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new,highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(Grant No.2018ZX09711003-008-001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.7172162).
文摘Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction caused by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)is an early event of sporadic Alzheimer's disease(AD),and considered to be a key pathologic factor in the progression of AD.The targeted delivery of the antioxidants to mitochondria of injured neurons in brain is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.A safe and effective drug delivery system(DDS)which is able to cross the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and target neuronal mitochondria is necessary.Recently,bioactive materials-based DDS has been widely investigated for the treatment of AD.Herein,we developed macrophage(MA)membrane-coated solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs)by attaching rabies virus glycoprotein(RVG29)and triphenylphosphine cation(TPP)molecules to the surface of MA membrane(RVG/TPP-MASLNs)for functional antioxidant delivery to neuronal mitochondria.According to the results,MA membranes camouflaged the SLNs from being eliminated by RESrich organs by inheriting the immunological characteristics of macrophages.The unique properties of the DDS after decoration with RVG29 on the surface was demonstrated by the ability to cross the BBB and the selective targeting to neurons.After entering the neurons in CNS,TPP further lead the DDS to mitochondria driven by electric charge.The Genistein(GS)-encapsulated DDS(RVG/TPP-MASLNs-GS)exhibited the most favorable effects on reliveing AD symptoms in vitro and in vivo by the synergies gained from the combination of MA membranes,RVG29 and TPP.These results demonstrated a promising therapeutic candidate for delaying the progression of AD via neuronal mitochondria-targeted delivery by the designed biomimetic nanosystems.
基金the financial support from Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)funding from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.11PJ1403500)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology (No.ICT1113)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No.12YZ022)
文摘Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions,properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down approaches.These nanowires or nanotubes have also been utilized as potential building blocks for functional nanodevices.The key for the integration of those nanowire or nanotube based devices is to assemble these one dimensional nanomaterials to specific locations using techniques that are highly controllable and scalable.Ideally such techniques should enable assembly of highly uniform nanowire/nanotube arrays with precise control of density,location,dimension or even material types of nanowires/nanotubes.Numerous assembly techniques are being developed that can quickly align and assemble large quantities of one type or multiple types of nanowires through parallel processes,including flow-assisted alignment,Langmuir-Blodgett assembly,bubble-blown technique,electric/magnetic-field directed assembly,contact/roll printing,knocking-down,etc..With these assembling techniques,applications of nanowire/nanotube based devices such as flexible electronics and sensors have been demonstrated.This paper delivers an overall review of directed nanowire/nanotube assembling approaches and analyzes advantages and limitations of each method.The future research directions have also been discussed.
基金Supported by Italian Ministry of Research,Apulia Region,European Commission and National Council of Research
文摘Modern medicine is expanding the possibilities of receiving "personalized" diagnosis and therapies,providing minimal invasiveness,technological solutions based on non-ionizing radiation,early detection of pathologies with the main objectives of being operator independent and with low cost to society.Our research activities aim to strongly contribute to these trends by improving the capabilities of current diagnostic imaging systems,which are of key importance in possibly providing both optimal diagnosis and therapies to patients.In medical diagnostics,cellular imaging aims to develop new methods and technologies for the detection of specific metabolic processes in living organisms,in order to accurately identify and discriminate normal from pathological tissues.In fact,most diseases have a "molecular basis" that detected through these new diagnostic methodologies can provide enormous benefits to medicine.Nowadays,this possibility is mainly related to the use of Positron Emission Tomography,with an exposure to ionizing radiation for patients and operators and with extremely high medical diagnosticscosts.The future possible development of non-ionizing cellular imaging based on techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or Ultrasound,would represent an important step towards modern and personalized therapies.During the last decade,the field of nanotechnology has made important progress and a wide range of organic and inorganic nanomaterials are now available with an incredible number of further combinations with other compounds for cellular targeting.The availability of these new advanced nanosystems allows new scenarios in diagnostic methodologies which are potentially capable of providing morphological and functional information together with metabolic and cellular indications.
基金This work was financially supported through grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31771090 and 51773154)the Young Hundred-Talent Program of Tongji University.
文摘Metabolic reprogramming allows tumor cells to prefer aerobic glycolysis as the main energy source,resulting in the massive accumulation of lactate in the tumor microenvironment(TME).It is found that lactate is no longer a waste product produced by glycolysis,but plays an important role in cancer progression.The modulation of lactate in the TME has become a promising target for cancer therapy.Although many small molecular inhibitors modulating the production or transport of lactate have appeared at present,their safety and efficacy have limited their further clinical application due to their non-specific targets and biodistribution.Studies have shown that nanomedicine has unique advantages,improving drug delivery efficiency and treatment efficacy while reducing damage to normal tissues,which greatly promotes the development of the research of nanosystems based on lactate modulation.In this review,we summarize the source and metabolism of lactate,the effect of lactate on the TME and recent advances in nanosystem-mediated strategies of lactate modulation for enhanced cancer therapy,hoping to provide ideas and directions for future research in related fields.
文摘Development of the orbital-free (OF) approach of the density functional theory (DFT) may result in a power instrument for modeling of complicated nanosystems with a huge number of atoms. A key problem on this way is calculation of the kinetic energy. We demonstrate how it is possible to create the OF kinetic energy functionals using results of Kohn-Sham calculations for single atoms. Calculations provided with these functionals for dimers of sp-elements of the C, Si, and Ge periodic table rows show a good accordance with the Kohn-Sham DFT results.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2205013,N232410019)+1 种基金the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications(2022A07)Northeastern University for financial support.
文摘Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems has brought the field of supramolecular chemistry into the nanoworld,providing a potential solution to this challenge.Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic platforms,supramolecular host-guest nanosystems can reverse cancer drug resistance by increasing drug uptake,reducing drug efflux,activating drugs,and inhibiting DNA repair.Herein,we summarize the research progress of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance and discuss the future research direction in this field.It is hoped that this review will provide more positive references for overcoming cancer drug resistance and promoting the development of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems.
文摘This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotu
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and future Planning(2018R1A2A1A05020683)supported by the NRF(2018R1A2A2A05021143)grant funded by the Korean Governmentthe Medical Research Center Program(2015R1A5A2009124)through the NRF funded by MSIP.
文摘Because of enhanced e cacy and lower side e ects,cancer immunotherapies have recently been extensively investigated in clinical trials to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer monotherapies.Although engineering attempts have been made to build nanosystems even including stimulus nanomaterials for the e cient delivery of antigens,adjuvants,or anticancer drugs to improve immunogenic cancer cell death,this requires huge R&D e orts and investment for clinically relevant findings to be approved for translation of the nanosystems.To this end,in this study,an air–liquid two-phase electrospray was developed for stable bubble pressing under a balance between mechanical and electrical parameters of the spray to continuously produce biomimetic nanosystems consisting of only clinically relevant compounds[paclitaxel-loaded fake blood cell Eudragit particle(Eu-FBCP/PTX)]to provide a conceptual leap for the timely development of translatable chemo-immunotherapeutic nanosystems.This was pursued as the e cacy of systems for delivering anticancer agents that has been mainly influenced by nanosystem shape because of its relevance to transporting behavior to organs,blood circulation,and cell–membrane interactions.The resulting Eu-FBCP/PTX nanosystems exhibiting phagocytic and micropinocytic uptake behaviors can confer better e cacy in chemo-immunotherapeutics in the absence and presence of anti-PD-L1 antibodies than similar sized PTX-loaded spherical Eu particles(Eu-s/PTX).
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects(No.2021ZD0201602).
文摘The existence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system(CNS),which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases,including glioblastoma,Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).With the advantage of bypassing the BBB and avoiding systemic distribution,intranasal administration has emerged as an alternative method of delivering drugs to the brain.Drug delivery directly to the brain using intranasal nanosystems represents a new paradigm for neurological disease treatment because of its advantages in improving drug solubility and stability in vivo,enabling targeted drug delivery and controlled release,and reducing non-specific toxicity.And it has shown efficacy in animal models and clinical applications.Herein,this review describes the mechanisms of intranasal delivery of brain-targeted drugs,the properties of nanosystems for intranasal administration(e.g.,liposomes,nanoemulsions,and micelles),and strategies for intranasal drug delivery to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery.Recent applications of nanosystems in intranasal drug delivery and disease treatment have been comprehensively reviewed.Although encouraging results have been reported,significant challenges still need to be overcome to translate these nanosystems into clinics.Therefore,the future prospects of intranasal drug delivery nanosystems are discussed in depth,expecting to provide useful insights and guidance for effective neurological disease treatment.
基金supported by the National Basic Re-search Program of China (973 Program,No.2013CB932701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21374026,21304023,51102014,and 51303036)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foun-dation (No.2132053)the 100-Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.Y2462911ZX).
文摘The application of smart supramolecular nanosystems in biomedicine increases rapidly and offers promising prospects for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Supramolecular nanosystems such as liposomes,micelles,or-ganic nanoaggregates and metallic nanostructures etc.have been widely explored as diagnostic/therapeutic tools.Here,we review the recent advances in supramolecular nanosystems with different builtin reporters,e.g.,fluorescent,magnetic and photoacoustic signals for bioimaging.In addition,the substantial progress of supramolecular nanosystems as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy,including chemotherapy,photothermal and photodynamic therapies is also summarized.
文摘In this article,an introduction is presented about the energy harvesting technologies that have potential for powering nanosystems.Our discussion mainly focuses on the approaches other than the well-known solar cell and thermoelectrics.We mainly introduce the piezoelectric nanogenerators developed using aligned ZnO nanowire arrays.This is a potential technology for converting mechanical movement energy(such as body movement,muscle stretching,blood pressure),vibration energy(such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave),and hydraulic energy(such as fl ow of body fl uid,blood fl ow,contraction of blood vessel,dynamic fl uid in nature)into electric energy for self-powered nanosystems.
