With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy consumption.Photonics nanolasers are...With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy consumption.Photonics nanolasers are unable to exceed the diffraction limit and typically exhibit low modulation rates of several GHz.In contrast,plasmonic nanolaser utilizes highly confined surface plasmon polariton(SPP)mode that can exceed diffraction limit and their strong Purcell effect can accelerate the modulation rates to several THz.Herein,we propose a parametrically tunable artificial plasmonic nanolasers based on metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal(MISIM)structure,which demonstrates its ability to compress the mode field volume toλ/14.As the pump power increases,the proposed artificial plasmonic nanolaser exhibits 20-nm-wide output spectrum.Additionally,we investigate the effects of various cavity parameters on the nanolaser’s output threshold,offering potentials for realizing low-threshold artificial plasmonic nanolasers.Moreover,we observe a blue shift in the center wavelength of the nanolaser output with thinner gain layer thickness,predominantly attributed to the increased exciton–photon coupling strength.Our work brings inspiration to several areas,including spaser-based interconnects,nano-LEDs,spontaneous emission control,miniaturization of photon condensates,eigenmode engineering of plasmonic nanolasers,and optimal design driven by artificial intelligence(AI).展开更多
纳米激光作为一种纳米级相干光源,是光电集成芯片的关键器件.激光器进一步小型化的阻碍在于随着激光器谐振腔体积的减小,其损耗迅速增大.连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BICs)能有效降低全介质结构的辐射损耗.本文提出一...纳米激光作为一种纳米级相干光源,是光电集成芯片的关键器件.激光器进一步小型化的阻碍在于随着激光器谐振腔体积的减小,其损耗迅速增大.连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BICs)能有效降低全介质结构的辐射损耗.本文提出一种基于全介质共振波导光栅(resonant waveguide grating structures,RWGs)准BIC的纳米激光器,可有效降低纳米激光器的阈值.将传统两部分光栅转换为四部分光栅,可激发波导结构的准BIC模式.本文数值研究了该模式的受激辐射放大特性.结果表明:TE偏振光照射下,基于四部分光栅的RWG结构的纳米激光阈值比基于传统RWG结构的阈值低20.86%.TM偏振光照射时,阈值比传统RWG结构降低了3.3倍.而且TE偏振光照射时纳米激光的阈值比TM偏振光照射时阈值大约低一个数量级,这是因为TE偏振光照射时,结构的电场局域在波导层内,增强了光与增益材料的相互作用,从而降低了纳米激光的阈值.展开更多
Deeply subwavelength lasers(or nanolasers)are highly demanded for compact on-chip bioimaging and sensing at the nanoscale.One of the main obstacles for the development of single-particle nanolasers with all three dime...Deeply subwavelength lasers(or nanolasers)are highly demanded for compact on-chip bioimaging and sensing at the nanoscale.One of the main obstacles for the development of single-particle nanolasers with all three dimensions shorter than the emitting wavelength in the visible range is the high lasing thresholds and the resulting overheating.Here we ex-ploit exciton-polariton condensation and mirror-image Mie modes in a cuboid CsPbBr3 nanoparticle to achieve coherent emission at the visible wavelength of around 0.53μm from its ultra-small(≈0.007μm3 or≈λ3/20)semiconductor nanocav-ity.The polaritonic nature of the emission from the nanocavity localized in all three dimensions is proven by direct com-parison with corresponding one-dimensional and two-dimensional waveguiding systems with similar material parameters.Such a deeply subwavelength nanolaser is enabled not only by the high values for exciton binding energy(≈35 meV),re-fractive index(>2.5 at low temperature),and luminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3,but also by the optimization of po-laritons condensation on the Mie resonances with quality factors improved by the metallic substrate.Moreover,the key parameters for optimal lasing conditions are intermode free spectral range and phonons spectrum in CsPbBr3,which govern polaritons condensation path.Such chemically synthesized colloidal CsPbBr3 nanolasers can be potentially de-posited on arbitrary surfaces,which makes them a versatile tool for integration with various on-chip systems.展开更多
Low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures have attracted much interest for applications in integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices. Band gap engineering within single semiconductor nanoribbons helps to manip...Low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures have attracted much interest for applications in integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices. Band gap engineering within single semiconductor nanoribbons helps to manipulate photon behavior in two different cavities （in the width and length directions） and realize new photonic phenomena and applications. In this work, lateral composition-graded semiconductor nanoribbons were grown for the first time through an improved source-moving vapor phase route. Along the width of the nanoribbon, the material can be gradually tuned from pure CdS to a highly Se-doped CdSSe alloy with a corresponding band gap modulation from 2.42 to 1.94 eV. The achieved alloy ribbons are overall high-quality crystals, and the position-dependent band-edge photoluminescence （PL） emission had a peak wavelength continuously tuned from -515 to -640 nm. These ribbons can realize multi-color lasing with three groups of lasing modes centered at 519, 557, and 623 run. It was confirmed that the red lasing was from optical resonance along the length direction, while the green and yellow lasing was from optical resonance along the width direction. These novel nanoribbon structures may be applied to many integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
A new nanolaser concept using silicon quantum dots （QDs） is proposed. The conduction band opened by the quantum confinement effect gives the pumping levels. Localized states in the gap due to some surface bonds on S...A new nanolaser concept using silicon quantum dots （QDs） is proposed. The conduction band opened by the quantum confinement effect gives the pumping levels. Localized states in the gap due to some surface bonds on Si QDs can be formed for the activation of emission. An inversion of population can be generated between the localized states and the valence band in a QD fabricated by using a nanosecond pulse laser. Coupling between the active centres formed by localized states and the defect states of the two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystal can be used to select the model in the nanolaser.展开更多
Surface plasmon polariton （SPP） nanolaser, which can achieve an all-optical circuit, is a major research topic in the field of micro light source. In this study, we examine a novel SPP graphene nanolaser in an optoe...Surface plasmon polariton （SPP） nanolaser, which can achieve an all-optical circuit, is a major research topic in the field of micro light source. In this study, we examine a novel SPP graphene nanolaser in an optoelectronic integration field. The proposed nanolaser consists of metallic silver, two-dimensional （2D） graphene and high refractive index semiconductor of indium gallium arsenide phosphorus. Compared with other metals, Ag can reduce the threshold and propagation loss. The SPP field, excited by coupling Ag and InGaAsE can be enhanced by the 2D material of graphene. In the proposed nanolaser, the maximum value of propagation loss is approximately 0.055 dB/~tm, and the normalized mode area is con- stantly less than 0.05, and the best threshold can achieve 3380 cm l simultaneously. Meanwhile, the proposed nanolaser can be fabricated by conventional materials and work in optical communication （1550 nm）, which can be easily achieved with current nanotechnology. It is also an important method that will be used to overcome the challenges of high speed, miniaturization, and integration in optoelectronic integrated technology.展开更多
A history and a glimpse into the future of spaser(acronym for"surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation")is provided.The spaser(also called a plasmonic nanolaser)is an active nanosyst...A history and a glimpse into the future of spaser(acronym for"surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation")is provided.The spaser(also called a plasmonic nanolaser)is an active nanosystem including a gain medium and a nanoplasmonic metal core.It generates coherent intense nanolocalized fields.Theoretically predicted in 2003 by Bergman and Stockman,the spaser grew into a large fundamental research and application field with thousands of publications.We review a few of them to illustrate the most important and general fundamental properties of the spaser.We also review some selected applications of spasers,in particular,to ultrasensing and biomedical problems,concentrating on cancer-cell theranostics(therapeutics and diagnostics).In conclusion,we attempt to glimpse into the future by predicting that the next big development of the spasers will be topological nano-optics,and its"killer"application will be ultrafast,high-density on-chip communications for future information processing.展开更多
Optical antennas play an important role in optical field manipulation.Among them,nanoscale bowtie antennas have been extensively studied for its high confinement and enhancement.In this mini-review,we start with a bri...Optical antennas play an important role in optical field manipulation.Among them,nanoscale bowtie antennas have been extensively studied for its high confinement and enhancement.In this mini-review,we start with a brief introduction of bowtie antennas and underlying physics.Then we review the applications with respect to optically and electrically excited nanoscale bowtie antennas.Optically driven bowtie antennas enable a set of optical applications such as near-field imaging/trapping,nonlinear response,nanolithography,photon generation and detection.Finally,we put emphasis on the principle and applications of electrically driven bowtie antennas,an emerging method of generating ultrafast and broadband tunable nanosources.In a word,nanoscale bowtie antennas still have great potential research value to explore.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174037,12204061,12204030,and 62375003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2022XD-A09)the Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communication,China(Grant No.IPOC2021ZZ02)。
文摘With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy consumption.Photonics nanolasers are unable to exceed the diffraction limit and typically exhibit low modulation rates of several GHz.In contrast,plasmonic nanolaser utilizes highly confined surface plasmon polariton(SPP)mode that can exceed diffraction limit and their strong Purcell effect can accelerate the modulation rates to several THz.Herein,we propose a parametrically tunable artificial plasmonic nanolasers based on metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal(MISIM)structure,which demonstrates its ability to compress the mode field volume toλ/14.As the pump power increases,the proposed artificial plasmonic nanolaser exhibits 20-nm-wide output spectrum.Additionally,we investigate the effects of various cavity parameters on the nanolaser’s output threshold,offering potentials for realizing low-threshold artificial plasmonic nanolasers.Moreover,we observe a blue shift in the center wavelength of the nanolaser output with thinner gain layer thickness,predominantly attributed to the increased exciton–photon coupling strength.Our work brings inspiration to several areas,including spaser-based interconnects,nano-LEDs,spontaneous emission control,miniaturization of photon condensates,eigenmode engineering of plasmonic nanolasers,and optimal design driven by artificial intelligence(AI).
文摘纳米激光作为一种纳米级相干光源,是光电集成芯片的关键器件.激光器进一步小型化的阻碍在于随着激光器谐振腔体积的减小,其损耗迅速增大.连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BICs)能有效降低全介质结构的辐射损耗.本文提出一种基于全介质共振波导光栅(resonant waveguide grating structures,RWGs)准BIC的纳米激光器,可有效降低纳米激光器的阈值.将传统两部分光栅转换为四部分光栅,可激发波导结构的准BIC模式.本文数值研究了该模式的受激辐射放大特性.结果表明:TE偏振光照射下,基于四部分光栅的RWG结构的纳米激光阈值比基于传统RWG结构的阈值低20.86%.TM偏振光照射时,阈值比传统RWG结构降低了3.3倍.而且TE偏振光照射时纳米激光的阈值比TM偏振光照射时阈值大约低一个数量级,这是因为TE偏振光照射时,结构的电场局域在波导层内,增强了光与增益材料的相互作用,从而降低了纳米激光的阈值.
基金supported by the Federal Program'Priority 2030'and NSFC(Project 62350610272)A.K.Samusev acknowledges Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-project No.529710370。
文摘Deeply subwavelength lasers(or nanolasers)are highly demanded for compact on-chip bioimaging and sensing at the nanoscale.One of the main obstacles for the development of single-particle nanolasers with all three dimensions shorter than the emitting wavelength in the visible range is the high lasing thresholds and the resulting overheating.Here we ex-ploit exciton-polariton condensation and mirror-image Mie modes in a cuboid CsPbBr3 nanoparticle to achieve coherent emission at the visible wavelength of around 0.53μm from its ultra-small(≈0.007μm3 or≈λ3/20)semiconductor nanocav-ity.The polaritonic nature of the emission from the nanocavity localized in all three dimensions is proven by direct com-parison with corresponding one-dimensional and two-dimensional waveguiding systems with similar material parameters.Such a deeply subwavelength nanolaser is enabled not only by the high values for exciton binding energy(≈35 meV),re-fractive index(>2.5 at low temperature),and luminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3,but also by the optimization of po-laritons condensation on the Mie resonances with quality factors improved by the metallic substrate.Moreover,the key parameters for optimal lasing conditions are intermode free spectral range and phonons spectrum in CsPbBr3,which govern polaritons condensation path.Such chemically synthesized colloidal CsPbBr3 nanolasers can be potentially de-posited on arbitrary surfaces,which makes them a versatile tool for integration with various on-chip systems.
基金The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 11374092, 61474040, 61574054 and 61505051）, the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2012CB933703）, the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province, the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Depar- tment （Nos. 2014FJ2001, 2014GK3015 and 2014Tr1004）.
文摘Low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures have attracted much interest for applications in integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices. Band gap engineering within single semiconductor nanoribbons helps to manipulate photon behavior in two different cavities （in the width and length directions） and realize new photonic phenomena and applications. In this work, lateral composition-graded semiconductor nanoribbons were grown for the first time through an improved source-moving vapor phase route. Along the width of the nanoribbon, the material can be gradually tuned from pure CdS to a highly Se-doped CdSSe alloy with a corresponding band gap modulation from 2.42 to 1.94 eV. The achieved alloy ribbons are overall high-quality crystals, and the position-dependent band-edge photoluminescence （PL） emission had a peak wavelength continuously tuned from -515 to -640 nm. These ribbons can realize multi-color lasing with three groups of lasing modes centered at 519, 557, and 623 run. It was confirmed that the red lasing was from optical resonance along the length direction, while the green and yellow lasing was from optical resonance along the width direction. These novel nanoribbon structures may be applied to many integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60966002)the National Key Laboratory Fund of Surface Physics at Fudan University,(Grant No. 20090606)
文摘A new nanolaser concept using silicon quantum dots （QDs） is proposed. The conduction band opened by the quantum confinement effect gives the pumping levels. Localized states in the gap due to some surface bonds on Si QDs can be formed for the activation of emission. An inversion of population can be generated between the localized states and the valence band in a QD fabricated by using a nanosecond pulse laser. Coupling between the active centres formed by localized states and the defect states of the two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystal can be used to select the model in the nanolaser.
基金Project supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2017GXNSFAA198261)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61762018)+3 种基金the Guangxi Youth Talent Program,China(Grant No.F-KA16016)the Guangxi Normal University Key Program,China(Grant No.2015ZD03)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,China(Grant Nos.XYCSZ2018082,XJGY201807,and XJGY201811)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments,China(Grant No.YQ16206)
文摘Surface plasmon polariton （SPP） nanolaser, which can achieve an all-optical circuit, is a major research topic in the field of micro light source. In this study, we examine a novel SPP graphene nanolaser in an optoelectronic integration field. The proposed nanolaser consists of metallic silver, two-dimensional （2D） graphene and high refractive index semiconductor of indium gallium arsenide phosphorus. Compared with other metals, Ag can reduce the threshold and propagation loss. The SPP field, excited by coupling Ag and InGaAsE can be enhanced by the 2D material of graphene. In the proposed nanolaser, the maximum value of propagation loss is approximately 0.055 dB/~tm, and the normalized mode area is con- stantly less than 0.05, and the best threshold can achieve 3380 cm l simultaneously. Meanwhile, the proposed nanolaser can be fabricated by conventional materials and work in optical communication （1550 nm）, which can be easily achieved with current nanotechnology. It is also an important method that will be used to overcome the challenges of high speed, miniaturization, and integration in optoelectronic integrated technology.
文摘A history and a glimpse into the future of spaser(acronym for"surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation")is provided.The spaser(also called a plasmonic nanolaser)is an active nanosystem including a gain medium and a nanoplasmonic metal core.It generates coherent intense nanolocalized fields.Theoretically predicted in 2003 by Bergman and Stockman,the spaser grew into a large fundamental research and application field with thousands of publications.We review a few of them to illustrate the most important and general fundamental properties of the spaser.We also review some selected applications of spasers,in particular,to ultrasensing and biomedical problems,concentrating on cancer-cell theranostics(therapeutics and diagnostics).In conclusion,we attempt to glimpse into the future by predicting that the next big development of the spasers will be topological nano-optics,and its"killer"application will be ultrafast,high-density on-chip communications for future information processing.
基金This work is supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2200900)the Key R&D Program of Anhui(Grant No.202004A05020077)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61775206).The nanofabrication was carried out at the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication.We also thank Prof.Xianfan Xu of Purdue University for his warm-hearted discussion.
文摘Optical antennas play an important role in optical field manipulation.Among them,nanoscale bowtie antennas have been extensively studied for its high confinement and enhancement.In this mini-review,we start with a brief introduction of bowtie antennas and underlying physics.Then we review the applications with respect to optically and electrically excited nanoscale bowtie antennas.Optically driven bowtie antennas enable a set of optical applications such as near-field imaging/trapping,nonlinear response,nanolithography,photon generation and detection.Finally,we put emphasis on the principle and applications of electrically driven bowtie antennas,an emerging method of generating ultrafast and broadband tunable nanosources.In a word,nanoscale bowtie antennas still have great potential research value to explore.
