Bio-integrated materials and devices can blur the interfaces between living and artificial systems. Microfluidics, bioelectronics, and engineered nanostructures, with close interactions with biology at the cellular or...Bio-integrated materials and devices can blur the interfaces between living and artificial systems. Microfluidics, bioelectronics, and engineered nanostructures, with close interactions with biology at the cellular or tissue levels, have already yielded a spectrum of new applications. Many new designs emerge, including of organ-on-a-chip systems, biodegradable implants, electroceutical devices, minimally invasive neuro-prosthetic tools, and soft robotics. In this review, we highlight a few recent advances of the fabrication and application of smart bio-hybrid systems, with a particular emphasis on the three-dimensional （3D） bio-integrated devices that mimic the 3D feature of tissue scaffolds. Moreover, neurons integrated with engineered nanostructures for wireless neuromodulation and dynamic neural output are briefly discussed. We also discuss the progress in the construction of cell-enabled soft robotics, where a tight coupling of the synthetic and biological parts is crucial for efficient function. Finally, we summarize the approaches for enhancing bio-integration with biomimetic micro- and nanostructures.展开更多
Manufactured nanomaterials with unique properties have been extensively applied in various indus-trial,agricultural or medical fields.However,some of the properties have been identified to be closely related to nanoma...Manufactured nanomaterials with unique properties have been extensively applied in various indus-trial,agricultural or medical fields.However,some of the properties have been identified to be closely related to nanomaterial toxicity.The"nano-paradox"has aroused concerns over the use and develop-ment of nanotechnology,which makes it difficult for regulatory agencies to regulate nanomaterials.The key to fulfilling proper nanomaterial regulation lies in the adequate understanding of the impact of nanomaterial properties on nano-bio interactions.To this end,we start the present work with a brief intro-duction to nano-bio interactions at different levels.Based on that,how key toxicity-associated properties of manufactured nanomaterials(i.e.,size,shape,chemical composition,surface properties,biocorona formation,agglomeration and/or aggregation state,and biodegradability)impact their toxicokinetics,cel-lular uptake,trafficking and responses,and toxicity mechanisms is deeply explored.Moreover,advanced analytical methods for studying nano-bio interactions are introduced.Furthermore,the current reg-ulatory and legislative frameworks for nanomaterial-containing products in different regions and/or countries are presented.Finally,we propose several challenges facing the nanotoxicology field and their possible solutions to shed light on the safety evaluation of nanomaterials.展开更多
Lipid-based nanoparticles(LNP)have shown significant progress in delivering mRNA for therapeutics,particularly with the success of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines.However,there are still challenges,such as ...Lipid-based nanoparticles(LNP)have shown significant progress in delivering mRNA for therapeutics,particularly with the success of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines.However,there are still challenges,such as organ-specific targeting,sustained protein expression,immunogenicity,and storage that need to be addressed.Therefore,there is interest in developing additional nano drug delivery systems(DDS)to complement LNP technology.Some of these include polymer,lipid-polymer hybrid,organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructure,and inorganic nanoparticle.In our opinion,LNP technology may not be suitable for every disease scenario in categories such as infection disease,cancer,pulmonary disease,autoimmune disorders and genetic rare disease(among others).This is because different diseases may require distinct administration routes,doses,and treatment durations,as well as considerations for biological barriers that may lower the efficacy and/or exert safety concern.In this perspective,we will highlight the need and potential for enhancing the diversity of nano delivery platforms for mRNA-based nanotherapeutics.展开更多
Nanomaterials show promising opportunities to address clinical problems （such as insufficient capture of circulating tumor cells; CTCs） via the high surface area-to-volume ratio and high affinity for biological cell...Nanomaterials show promising opportunities to address clinical problems （such as insufficient capture of circulating tumor cells; CTCs） via the high surface area-to-volume ratio and high affinity for biological cells. However, how to apply these nanomaterials as a nano-bio interface in a microfluidic device for efficient CTC capture with high specificity remains a challenge. In the present work, we first found that a titanium dioxide （TiO2） nanorod array that can be conveniently prepared on multiple kinds of substrates has high affinity for tumor cells. Then, the TiO2 nanorod array was vertically grown on the surface of a microchannel with hexagonally patterned Si micropillars via a hydrothermal reaction, forming a new kind of a micro-nano 3D hierarchically structured microfluidic device. The vertically grown TiO2 nanorod array was used as a sensitive nano-bio interface of this 3D hierarchically structured microfluidic device, which showed high efficiency of CTC capture （76.7% ± 7.1%） in an artificial whole-blood sample.展开更多
Knowledge on the interactions between engineered nanomaterials(ENMs) and biological systems is critical both for the assessment of biological effects of ENMs and for the rational design of ENM-based products. However,...Knowledge on the interactions between engineered nanomaterials(ENMs) and biological systems is critical both for the assessment of biological effects of ENMs and for the rational design of ENM-based products. However, probing the events that occur at the nano-bio interface remains extremely challenging due to their complex and dynamic nature. So far, the understanding of mechanisms underlying nano-bio interactions has been mainly limited by the lack of proper analytical techniques with sufficient sensitivity, selectivity and resolution for characterization of nano-bio interface events. Moreover, many classic bioanalytical methods are not suitable for direct measurement of nano-bio interface interactions. These have made establishing analytical methodologies for systematic and comprehensive study of nano-bio interface one of the most focused areas in nanobiology. In this review we have discussed some representative developments regarding analytical techniques for nano-bio interface characterization, including the improvements of traditional methods and the emergence of powerful new technologies. These developments have allowed ultrasensitive, real-time analysis of interactions between ENMs and biomolecules, transformations of ENMs in biological environment, and impacts of ENMs on living systems on molecular or cellular level.展开更多
Developing antibiotics-independent antibacterial agents is of great importance since antibiotic therapy faces great challenges from drug resistance.Graphene oxide(GO)is a promising agent due to its natural antibacteri...Developing antibiotics-independent antibacterial agents is of great importance since antibiotic therapy faces great challenges from drug resistance.Graphene oxide(GO)is a promising agent due to its natural antibacterial mechanisms,such as sharp edgemediated cutting effect.However,the antibacterial activity of GO is limited by its negative charge and low photothermal effect.Herein,the amino-functionalized GO nanosheets(AGO)with unique three-in-one properties were synthesized.Three essential properties(positive charge,strong photothermal effect,and natural cutting effect)were integrated into AGO.The positive charge(30 mV)rendered AGO a strong interaction force with model pathogen Streptococcus mutans(330 nN).The natural cutting effect of 100 ng·mL^(-1)AGO caused 27%loss of bacterial viability after incubation for 30 min.Most importantly,upon the near-infrared irradiation for just 5 min,the three-in-one properties of AGO caused 98%viability loss.In conclusion,the short irradiation period and the tunable antibacterial activity confer the three-in-one AGO a great potential for clinical use.展开更多
SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder has been successfully synthesized by chemical vapor condensation process and its feasibility on hyperthermic application was investigated in this study. The power loss of SiO2...SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder has been successfully synthesized by chemical vapor condensation process and its feasibility on hyperthermic application was investigated in this study. The power loss of SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder which means the magnetic heating effect under alternative magnetic field was much higher than the single phase γ-Fe2O3 nano powder due to the very fine size under 20 nm and well dispersion in biologically compatible SiO2 matrix. The superparamagnetism and hyperthermic property of SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder were discussed in terms of microstructural development in this study.展开更多
Nanomedicine involves the use of engineered nanoscale materials in an extensive range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and can be applied to the treatment of many diseases.Despite the rapid progress and trem...Nanomedicine involves the use of engineered nanoscale materials in an extensive range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and can be applied to the treatment of many diseases.Despite the rapid progress and tremendous potential of nanomedicine in the past decades,the clinical translational process is still quite slow,owing to the difficulty in understanding,evaluating,and predicting nanomaterial behaviors within the complex environment of human beings.Microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip(Organ Chip)techniques offer a promising way to resolve these challenges.Sophisticatedly designed Organ Chip enable in vitro simulation of the in vivo microenvironments,thus providing robust platforms for evaluating nanomedicine.Herein,we review recent developments and achievements in Organ Chip models for nanomedicine evaluations,categorized into seven broad sections based on the target organ systems:respiratory,digestive,lymphatic,excretory,nervous,and vascular,as well as coverage on applications relating to cancer.We conclude by providing our perspectives on the challenges and potential future directions for applications of Organ Chip in nanomedicine.展开更多
Engineered cells have opened up a new avenue for scientists and engineers to achieve specialized biological functions.Nanomaterials,such as silicon nanowires and quantum dots,can establish tight interfaces with cells ...Engineered cells have opened up a new avenue for scientists and engineers to achieve specialized biological functions.Nanomaterials,such as silicon nanowires and quantum dots,can establish tight interfaces with cells either extra-or intracellularly,and they have already been widely used to control cellular functions.The future exploration of nanomaterials in cellular engineering may reveal numerous opportunities in both fundamental bioelectric studies and clinic applications.In this review,we highlight several nanomaterials-enabled non-genetic approaches to fabricating engineered cells.First,we briefly review the latest progress in engineered or synthetic cells,such as protocells that create cell-like behaviors from nonliving building blocks,and cells made by genetic or chemical modifications.Next,we illustrate the need for non-genetic cellular engineering with semiconductors and present some examples where chemical synthesis yields complex morphology or functions needed for biointerfaces.We then provide discussions in detail about the semiconductor nanostructure-enabled neural,cardiac,and microbial modulations.We also suggest the need to integrate tissue engineering with semiconductor devices to carry out more complex functions.We end this review by providing our perspectives for future development in non-genetic cellular engineering.展开更多
Carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)have been widely applied in biomedical fields,such as imaging,diagnosis and drug delivery.Since the complex,non-equilibrated and dynamic nature of biological systems inevitably affect the ...Carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)have been widely applied in biomedical fields,such as imaging,diagnosis and drug delivery.Since the complex,non-equilibrated and dynamic nature of biological systems inevitably affect the predesigned properties of CPDs,then efficiency and ultimate outcome of CPDs in biological identity will be transformed by the ubiquitous nano-bio interactions.Herein,our recent progress about elucidating the behavior of CPDs at nano-bio interface from the perspective of physical chemistry has been summarized in the review,mainly at the bio-macromolecular,cellular membrane and cellular levels,which is crucial for characterize their relative cytotoxicity and clinical transformation.Moreover,we mainly focused on the quantitative relationship of nano-bio interactions between CPDs with biological identity and related thermodynamics parameters during this process is also obtained from advanced isothermal titration calorimetry technique.Finally,our recent study about the photoluminescence origin is also included in this review,which favors modulating the photoluminescence of CPDs.展开更多
Understanding the interactions of nanomaterials(NMs) with biomolecules, organelles, cells, and organic tissues at the nano-bio interface can offer important information for their uptake, distribution, translocation, m...Understanding the interactions of nanomaterials(NMs) with biomolecules, organelles, cells, and organic tissues at the nano-bio interface can offer important information for their uptake, distribution, translocation, metabolism and degradation in vitro and in vivo, which can help to precisely tune and design "smart" NMs for biomedical applications. However, probing the interactions at the nano-bio interface, which generally requires dedicated analytical methods and tools, is remarkably complicated due to the dynamically changed nature of the nano-bio interface. Because of the advantages of high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, excellent accuracy, low matrix effects and non-destructiveness, synchrotron radiation(SR)-based analytical techniques have become extremely valuable tools. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of SR-based techniques for the visualized study of NMs at cellular and subcellular interfaces and their transformation in vitro; the exploration of biodistribution, translocation, metabolism and degradation of NMs in vivo; and clarification of the molecular mechanisms of NMs' reactions with biomolecules. Rapid development of advanced light source means that in situ, real-time analysis of NMs at the nano-bio interface will be achieved.展开更多
The field of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science,nano-chemistry,in particular nanobiological interactions,immunology,and medici...The field of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science,nano-chemistry,in particular nanobiological interactions,immunology,and medicinal chemistry.Most importantly,the"biological identity"of nanomaterials governed by bio-molecular corona in terms of bimolecular types,relative abundance,and conformation at the nanomaterial surface is now believed to influence blood circulation time,biodistribution,immune response,cellular uptake,and intracellular trafficking.A better understanding of nano-bio interactions can improve utilization of 2D nano-architectures for cancer immunotherapy and immunotheranostics,allowing them to be adapted or modified to treat other immune dysregulation syndromes including autoimmune diseases or inflammation,infection,tissue regeneration,and transplantation.The manuscript reviews the biological interactions and immunotherapeutic applications of 2D nanomaterials,including understanding their interactions with biological molecules of the immune system,summarizes and prospects the applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, more engineered nanomaterials(NMs) are being released into the environment. Such releases might lead to unwanted exposure. The dissolution of NMs at nano-b...With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, more engineered nanomaterials(NMs) are being released into the environment. Such releases might lead to unwanted exposure. The dissolution of NMs at nano-bio interfaces is one of the most noteworthy causes of the toxicity of dissolvable NMs. A growing number of studies are focusing assessing NMs dissolution during exposure tests. This mini review considers recent developments in the quantitative tools for the assessment of NMs dissolution, and highlights the critical points in the evaluation of the toxicity of dissolvable NMs.展开更多
Research in biology and medicine is a rapidly expanding field incorporating some of the most fundamental questions concerning structure, function, and purpose. The forefront of new research demands access to advanced ...Research in biology and medicine is a rapidly expanding field incorporating some of the most fundamental questions concerning structure, function, and purpose. The forefront of new research demands access to advanced techniques and instrumentation capable of probing these unanswered questions. Over the past several decades, nano-scale materials and devices ranging from quasione dimensional quantum dots to two dimensional graphene sheets have been engineered and have found applications in nano-bio imaging and spectroscopy. In this review, the incorporation of nanomaterials into three influential spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and sum frequency generation will be introduced. Fluorescence imaging has visualized nanomaterials as compliments or replacements to comparable organic fluorphores, act as a quencher for FRET-based sensing, and serve as a nanoscaffold for molecular beacons. Their versatility in coating materials makes nanomaterials an excellent targeting molecule for any cellular macromolecule or structure. In addition to the targeting capabilities of nanomaterials in fluorescence imaging, surface plasmon resonance has incorporated nanomaterials for applications in signal enhancement, selectivity of target molecules, and the development of more refined and accurate detection. Functionalized nano-particles enhance the capabilities of sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy by providing unique surface chemistry which alters target molecule interactions and orientations. In summary, the incorporation of nanomaterials has greatly enhanced the field of biology and medicine and has allowed for the continual advancement of not only research but instrument development.展开更多
Engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)with different topographies provide effective nano−bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical ...Engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)with different topographies provide effective nano−bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical cues in their microenvironment at the nano−bio interface can guide their fate.The use of nanotopographical cues,in particular nanorods,nanopillars,nanogrooves,nanofibers,and nanopits,as well as biochemical forces mediated factors,including growth factors,cytokines,and extracellular matrix proteins,can significantly impact stem cell differentiation.These factors were seen as very effective in determining the proliferation and spreading of stem cells.The specific outgrowth of stem cells can be decided with size variation of topographic nanomaterial along with variation in matrix stiffness and surface structure like a special arrangement.The precision chemistry enabled controlled design,synthesis,and chemical composition of ENMs can regulate stem cell behaviors.The parameters of size such as aspect ratio,diameter,and pore size of nanotopographic structures are the main factors for specific termination of stem cells.Protein corona nanoparticles(NPs)have shown a powerful facet in stem cell therapy,where combining specific proteins could facilitate a certain stem cell differentiation and cellular proliferation.Nano−bio reactions implicate the interaction between biological entities and nanoparticles,which can be used to tailor the stem cells’culmination.The ion release can also be a parameter to enhance cellular proliferation and to commit the early differentiation of stem cells.Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions between engineered nano−bio interfaces and stem cells and to develop optimized regenerative medicine and tissue engineering designs.展开更多
文摘Bio-integrated materials and devices can blur the interfaces between living and artificial systems. Microfluidics, bioelectronics, and engineered nanostructures, with close interactions with biology at the cellular or tissue levels, have already yielded a spectrum of new applications. Many new designs emerge, including of organ-on-a-chip systems, biodegradable implants, electroceutical devices, minimally invasive neuro-prosthetic tools, and soft robotics. In this review, we highlight a few recent advances of the fabrication and application of smart bio-hybrid systems, with a particular emphasis on the three-dimensional （3D） bio-integrated devices that mimic the 3D feature of tissue scaffolds. Moreover, neurons integrated with engineered nanostructures for wireless neuromodulation and dynamic neural output are briefly discussed. We also discuss the progress in the construction of cell-enabled soft robotics, where a tight coupling of the synthetic and biological parts is crucial for efficient function. Finally, we summarize the approaches for enhancing bio-integration with biomimetic micro- and nanostructures.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDB36000000)the National Basic Research Program of China(grant No.2020YFA0710702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.51822207 and 51772292).
文摘Manufactured nanomaterials with unique properties have been extensively applied in various indus-trial,agricultural or medical fields.However,some of the properties have been identified to be closely related to nanomaterial toxicity.The"nano-paradox"has aroused concerns over the use and develop-ment of nanotechnology,which makes it difficult for regulatory agencies to regulate nanomaterials.The key to fulfilling proper nanomaterial regulation lies in the adequate understanding of the impact of nanomaterial properties on nano-bio interactions.To this end,we start the present work with a brief intro-duction to nano-bio interactions at different levels.Based on that,how key toxicity-associated properties of manufactured nanomaterials(i.e.,size,shape,chemical composition,surface properties,biocorona formation,agglomeration and/or aggregation state,and biodegradability)impact their toxicokinetics,cel-lular uptake,trafficking and responses,and toxicity mechanisms is deeply explored.Moreover,advanced analytical methods for studying nano-bio interactions are introduced.Furthermore,the current reg-ulatory and legislative frameworks for nanomaterial-containing products in different regions and/or countries are presented.Finally,we propose several challenges facing the nanotoxicology field and their possible solutions to shed light on the safety evaluation of nanomaterials.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1207300)National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2022-103)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271452)supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB36000000)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research,Grant No.YSBR-036CAS Innovation team science award.
文摘Lipid-based nanoparticles(LNP)have shown significant progress in delivering mRNA for therapeutics,particularly with the success of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines.However,there are still challenges,such as organ-specific targeting,sustained protein expression,immunogenicity,and storage that need to be addressed.Therefore,there is interest in developing additional nano drug delivery systems(DDS)to complement LNP technology.Some of these include polymer,lipid-polymer hybrid,organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructure,and inorganic nanoparticle.In our opinion,LNP technology may not be suitable for every disease scenario in categories such as infection disease,cancer,pulmonary disease,autoimmune disorders and genetic rare disease(among others).This is because different diseases may require distinct administration routes,doses,and treatment durations,as well as considerations for biological barriers that may lower the efficacy and/or exert safety concern.In this perspective,we will highlight the need and potential for enhancing the diversity of nano delivery platforms for mRNA-based nanotherapeutics.
基金The authors are thankful for funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51402063, 51432005, 61405040, 61505010, 51502018, 31270022, and 81471784）, the ＂100 Talents Program＂ of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City Committee of science and technology （No. Z151100003315010）, Beijing Natural Science Foundation （Nos. 2164077 and 2164076）, the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University （No. 2014QY003）, and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. 2015023）. The authors also acknowledge the support from the＂thousands talents＂ program for pioneer researchers and his innovation team, and support from the President Funding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Nanomaterials show promising opportunities to address clinical problems （such as insufficient capture of circulating tumor cells; CTCs） via the high surface area-to-volume ratio and high affinity for biological cells. However, how to apply these nanomaterials as a nano-bio interface in a microfluidic device for efficient CTC capture with high specificity remains a challenge. In the present work, we first found that a titanium dioxide （TiO2） nanorod array that can be conveniently prepared on multiple kinds of substrates has high affinity for tumor cells. Then, the TiO2 nanorod array was vertically grown on the surface of a microchannel with hexagonally patterned Si micropillars via a hydrothermal reaction, forming a new kind of a micro-nano 3D hierarchically structured microfluidic device. The vertically grown TiO2 nanorod array was used as a sensitive nano-bio interface of this 3D hierarchically structured microfluidic device, which showed high efficiency of CTC capture （76.7% ± 7.1%） in an artificial whole-blood sample.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21320102003, 31200752, 31661130152, 11435002)the National Distinguished Young Scientists Program (31325010)
文摘Knowledge on the interactions between engineered nanomaterials(ENMs) and biological systems is critical both for the assessment of biological effects of ENMs and for the rational design of ENM-based products. However, probing the events that occur at the nano-bio interface remains extremely challenging due to their complex and dynamic nature. So far, the understanding of mechanisms underlying nano-bio interactions has been mainly limited by the lack of proper analytical techniques with sufficient sensitivity, selectivity and resolution for characterization of nano-bio interface events. Moreover, many classic bioanalytical methods are not suitable for direct measurement of nano-bio interface interactions. These have made establishing analytical methodologies for systematic and comprehensive study of nano-bio interface one of the most focused areas in nanobiology. In this review we have discussed some representative developments regarding analytical techniques for nano-bio interface characterization, including the improvements of traditional methods and the emergence of powerful new technologies. These developments have allowed ultrasensitive, real-time analysis of interactions between ENMs and biomolecules, transformations of ENMs in biological environment, and impacts of ENMs on living systems on molecular or cellular level.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973261,U19A2005)the Foundation of West China Hospital of Stomatology(No.RD-02-201903)the Research Funding for Talents Developing,West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University(No.RCDWJS2020-7).
文摘Developing antibiotics-independent antibacterial agents is of great importance since antibiotic therapy faces great challenges from drug resistance.Graphene oxide(GO)is a promising agent due to its natural antibacterial mechanisms,such as sharp edgemediated cutting effect.However,the antibacterial activity of GO is limited by its negative charge and low photothermal effect.Herein,the amino-functionalized GO nanosheets(AGO)with unique three-in-one properties were synthesized.Three essential properties(positive charge,strong photothermal effect,and natural cutting effect)were integrated into AGO.The positive charge(30 mV)rendered AGO a strong interaction force with model pathogen Streptococcus mutans(330 nN).The natural cutting effect of 100 ng·mL^(-1)AGO caused 27%loss of bacterial viability after incubation for 30 min.Most importantly,upon the near-infrared irradiation for just 5 min,the three-in-one properties of AGO caused 98%viability loss.In conclusion,the short irradiation period and the tunable antibacterial activity confer the three-in-one AGO a great potential for clinical use.
基金supported by a grant-in-aid for the National Core Research Center Program from the Ministry of Science & Technology and the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (R15-2006-022-03001-0)
文摘SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder has been successfully synthesized by chemical vapor condensation process and its feasibility on hyperthermic application was investigated in this study. The power loss of SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder which means the magnetic heating effect under alternative magnetic field was much higher than the single phase γ-Fe2O3 nano powder due to the very fine size under 20 nm and well dispersion in biologically compatible SiO2 matrix. The superparamagnetism and hyperthermic property of SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder were discussed in terms of microstructural development in this study.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(No.51621002)Y.S.Z.was not supported by this fundinstead,support by the Brigham Research Institute is thanked.We acknowledge Dr.Amy Wen and Ms.Xuewei Zhang for helpful discussion.Any opinions,findings,conclusions,or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s).
文摘Nanomedicine involves the use of engineered nanoscale materials in an extensive range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and can be applied to the treatment of many diseases.Despite the rapid progress and tremendous potential of nanomedicine in the past decades,the clinical translational process is still quite slow,owing to the difficulty in understanding,evaluating,and predicting nanomaterial behaviors within the complex environment of human beings.Microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip(Organ Chip)techniques offer a promising way to resolve these challenges.Sophisticatedly designed Organ Chip enable in vitro simulation of the in vivo microenvironments,thus providing robust platforms for evaluating nanomedicine.Herein,we review recent developments and achievements in Organ Chip models for nanomedicine evaluations,categorized into seven broad sections based on the target organ systems:respiratory,digestive,lymphatic,excretory,nervous,and vascular,as well as coverage on applications relating to cancer.We conclude by providing our perspectives on the challenges and potential future directions for applications of Organ Chip in nanomedicine.
基金B.Z.T acknowledges a primary support from the University of Chicago Materials Research Science and Engineering Center,which is funded by the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-1420709.B.Z.T also acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health(No.NIH1DP2NS101488).
文摘Engineered cells have opened up a new avenue for scientists and engineers to achieve specialized biological functions.Nanomaterials,such as silicon nanowires and quantum dots,can establish tight interfaces with cells either extra-or intracellularly,and they have already been widely used to control cellular functions.The future exploration of nanomaterials in cellular engineering may reveal numerous opportunities in both fundamental bioelectric studies and clinic applications.In this review,we highlight several nanomaterials-enabled non-genetic approaches to fabricating engineered cells.First,we briefly review the latest progress in engineered or synthetic cells,such as protocells that create cell-like behaviors from nonliving building blocks,and cells made by genetic or chemical modifications.Next,we illustrate the need for non-genetic cellular engineering with semiconductors and present some examples where chemical synthesis yields complex morphology or functions needed for biointerfaces.We then provide discussions in detail about the semiconductor nanostructure-enabled neural,cardiac,and microbial modulations.We also suggest the need to integrate tissue engineering with semiconductor devices to carry out more complex functions.We end this review by providing our perspectives for future development in non-genetic cellular engineering.
基金the Nation-al Key R&D Program of China(2018FYA0703700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21873075,21603067)+2 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Project(GuiKeAD17195081)Bagui Scholar Program of Guangxi Province(2016)Hubei Na-ture Science Foundation of China(2019CFB748).
文摘Carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)have been widely applied in biomedical fields,such as imaging,diagnosis and drug delivery.Since the complex,non-equilibrated and dynamic nature of biological systems inevitably affect the predesigned properties of CPDs,then efficiency and ultimate outcome of CPDs in biological identity will be transformed by the ubiquitous nano-bio interactions.Herein,our recent progress about elucidating the behavior of CPDs at nano-bio interface from the perspective of physical chemistry has been summarized in the review,mainly at the bio-macromolecular,cellular membrane and cellular levels,which is crucial for characterize their relative cytotoxicity and clinical transformation.Moreover,we mainly focused on the quantitative relationship of nano-bio interactions between CPDs with biological identity and related thermodynamics parameters during this process is also obtained from advanced isothermal titration calorimetry technique.Finally,our recent study about the photoluminescence origin is also included in this review,which favors modulating the photoluminescence of CPDs.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB933403)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1432245)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11475195,11275214,11375211)
文摘Understanding the interactions of nanomaterials(NMs) with biomolecules, organelles, cells, and organic tissues at the nano-bio interface can offer important information for their uptake, distribution, translocation, metabolism and degradation in vitro and in vivo, which can help to precisely tune and design "smart" NMs for biomedical applications. However, probing the interactions at the nano-bio interface, which generally requires dedicated analytical methods and tools, is remarkably complicated due to the dynamically changed nature of the nano-bio interface. Because of the advantages of high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, excellent accuracy, low matrix effects and non-destructiveness, synchrotron radiation(SR)-based analytical techniques have become extremely valuable tools. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of SR-based techniques for the visualized study of NMs at cellular and subcellular interfaces and their transformation in vitro; the exploration of biodistribution, translocation, metabolism and degradation of NMs in vivo; and clarification of the molecular mechanisms of NMs' reactions with biomolecules. Rapid development of advanced light source means that in situ, real-time analysis of NMs at the nano-bio interface will be achieved.
基金support from the US METAvivor Early Career Investigator Award(No.2018A020560,Wei Tao,USA)Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Anesthesiology-Basic Scientist Grant(No.2420 BPA075,Wei Tao,USA)+3 种基金Center for Nanomedicine Research Fund(NO.2019A014810,Wei Tao,USA)supported by The Hundred Talents Program,China(75110-18841227)from Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,Chinathe Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110326,China)supported by the China postdoctoral science foundation(2019M663060)。
文摘The field of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science,nano-chemistry,in particular nanobiological interactions,immunology,and medicinal chemistry.Most importantly,the"biological identity"of nanomaterials governed by bio-molecular corona in terms of bimolecular types,relative abundance,and conformation at the nanomaterial surface is now believed to influence blood circulation time,biodistribution,immune response,cellular uptake,and intracellular trafficking.A better understanding of nano-bio interactions can improve utilization of 2D nano-architectures for cancer immunotherapy and immunotheranostics,allowing them to be adapted or modified to treat other immune dysregulation syndromes including autoimmune diseases or inflammation,infection,tissue regeneration,and transplantation.The manuscript reviews the biological interactions and immunotherapeutic applications of 2D nanomaterials,including understanding their interactions with biological molecules of the immune system,summarizes and prospects the applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
文摘With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, more engineered nanomaterials(NMs) are being released into the environment. Such releases might lead to unwanted exposure. The dissolution of NMs at nano-bio interfaces is one of the most noteworthy causes of the toxicity of dissolvable NMs. A growing number of studies are focusing assessing NMs dissolution during exposure tests. This mini review considers recent developments in the quantitative tools for the assessment of NMs dissolution, and highlights the critical points in the evaluation of the toxicity of dissolvable NMs.
文摘Research in biology and medicine is a rapidly expanding field incorporating some of the most fundamental questions concerning structure, function, and purpose. The forefront of new research demands access to advanced techniques and instrumentation capable of probing these unanswered questions. Over the past several decades, nano-scale materials and devices ranging from quasione dimensional quantum dots to two dimensional graphene sheets have been engineered and have found applications in nano-bio imaging and spectroscopy. In this review, the incorporation of nanomaterials into three influential spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and sum frequency generation will be introduced. Fluorescence imaging has visualized nanomaterials as compliments or replacements to comparable organic fluorphores, act as a quencher for FRET-based sensing, and serve as a nanoscaffold for molecular beacons. Their versatility in coating materials makes nanomaterials an excellent targeting molecule for any cellular macromolecule or structure. In addition to the targeting capabilities of nanomaterials in fluorescence imaging, surface plasmon resonance has incorporated nanomaterials for applications in signal enhancement, selectivity of target molecules, and the development of more refined and accurate detection. Functionalized nano-particles enhance the capabilities of sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy by providing unique surface chemistry which alters target molecule interactions and orientations. In summary, the incorporation of nanomaterials has greatly enhanced the field of biology and medicine and has allowed for the continual advancement of not only research but instrument development.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1200900,2020YFA0710700 and 2021YFE0112600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071402)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB36000000)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS2019-I2M-5-018).
文摘Engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)with different topographies provide effective nano−bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical cues in their microenvironment at the nano−bio interface can guide their fate.The use of nanotopographical cues,in particular nanorods,nanopillars,nanogrooves,nanofibers,and nanopits,as well as biochemical forces mediated factors,including growth factors,cytokines,and extracellular matrix proteins,can significantly impact stem cell differentiation.These factors were seen as very effective in determining the proliferation and spreading of stem cells.The specific outgrowth of stem cells can be decided with size variation of topographic nanomaterial along with variation in matrix stiffness and surface structure like a special arrangement.The precision chemistry enabled controlled design,synthesis,and chemical composition of ENMs can regulate stem cell behaviors.The parameters of size such as aspect ratio,diameter,and pore size of nanotopographic structures are the main factors for specific termination of stem cells.Protein corona nanoparticles(NPs)have shown a powerful facet in stem cell therapy,where combining specific proteins could facilitate a certain stem cell differentiation and cellular proliferation.Nano−bio reactions implicate the interaction between biological entities and nanoparticles,which can be used to tailor the stem cells’culmination.The ion release can also be a parameter to enhance cellular proliferation and to commit the early differentiation of stem cells.Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions between engineered nano−bio interfaces and stem cells and to develop optimized regenerative medicine and tissue engineering designs.
