A multivariate statistical analysis was performed on multi-element soil geochemical data from the Koda Hill-Bulenga gold prospects in the Wa-Lawra gold belt, northwest Ghana. The objectives of the study were to define...A multivariate statistical analysis was performed on multi-element soil geochemical data from the Koda Hill-Bulenga gold prospects in the Wa-Lawra gold belt, northwest Ghana. The objectives of the study were to define gold relationships with other trace elements to determine possible pathfinder elements for gold from the soil geochemical data. The study focused on seven elements, namely, Au, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ag, As and Cu. Factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed on the analyzed samples. Factor analysis explained 79.093% of the total variance of the data through three factors. This had the gold factor being factor 3, having associations of copper, iron, lead and manganese and accounting for 20.903% of the total variance. From hierarchical clustering, gold was also observed to be clustering with lead, copper, arsenic and silver. There was further indication that, gold concentrations were lower than that of its associations. It can be inferred from the results that, the occurrence of gold and its associated elements can be linked to both primary dispersion from underlying rocks and secondary processes such as lateritization. This data shows that Fe and Mn strongly associated with gold, and alongside Pb, Ag, As and Cu, these elements can be used as pathfinders for gold in the area, with ferruginous zones as targets.展开更多
目的分析小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响因素。方法收集87例经组织病理学或细胞学确诊的小细胞肺癌,分析性别、年龄、分期、血红蛋白水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平、一线化疗疗效、放疗及手术治疗等因素与患者生存期的关系,采用Kap lan-M e ier法生...目的分析小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响因素。方法收集87例经组织病理学或细胞学确诊的小细胞肺癌,分析性别、年龄、分期、血红蛋白水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平、一线化疗疗效、放疗及手术治疗等因素与患者生存期的关系,采用Kap lan-M e ier法生存分析,进行Log-rank非参数检验,用COX比例风险模型进行多因素生存分析。结果全组患者12、24和36个月生存率分别为78.2%、37.9%和8.0%,其中局限期12、24和36个月生存率分别为85.7%、42.9%和10.7%,广泛期12、24和36个月生存率分别为64.5%、29.0%和3.2%。全组中位生存时间为18个月,其中局限期生存时间19个月,广泛期生存时间14个月。单因素分析发现分期、血红蛋白水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平、一线化疗疗效、放疗及手术治疗均可影响患者的生存期。多因素分析则提示分期、一线化疗疗效、放疗及手术治疗是患者生存的独立影响因素。结论分期、化疗疗效、是否接受放疗及手术治疗可能是影响小细胞肺癌患者预后的主要因素。展开更多
Colorectal cancer （CRC） is the third commonest malignancy cancer worldwide. Clear understandings of global metabolic profiling of the normal mucosa and cancer tissues are vitally important to aid optimizing the clin...Colorectal cancer （CRC） is the third commonest malignancy cancer worldwide. Clear understandings of global metabolic profiling of the normal mucosa and cancer tissues are vitally important to aid optimizing the clinical management strategy and understanding CRC biology. We studied metabolic characteristics of 20 CRC and 20 distant normal mucosa tissues extracts from 20 patients using high resolution ^1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analyses, such as principal component analysis （PCA）. Compared with distant normal mucosa tissues, lactate, taurine, ornithine and polyamine were present at significantly higher levels in CRC tissue extracts whereas myo-inositol was present at significantly lower level. Two metabolites ratios such as myo-inositolltaurine and myo-inositol/（ornithine＋polyamine） appear to be the most valuable biomarkers for the differentiation CRC from normal mucosa tissues. Our data suggested that HR ~H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analy- ses is a potentially useful technology for detecting malignant changes in the normal mucosa tissues, the technique may be further exploited for future CRC biomarker research or identification of targets for therapeutic manipulations.展开更多
The basin of Rio de la Sabana is the largest tributary of the Tres Palos coastal lagoon in Southwest Mexico, east of Acapulco. This lagoon and its upstream basin areas have become a high priority area for the preserva...The basin of Rio de la Sabana is the largest tributary of the Tres Palos coastal lagoon in Southwest Mexico, east of Acapulco. This lagoon and its upstream basin areas have become a high priority area for the preservation of coastal and marine environments. To obtain information about water quality as affected by urban expansion since 2002, fourteen physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphate), biochemical (biological and chemical oxygen demand, methylene blue active substances) and bacteriological parameters (total and fecal coliforms) were determined. This sampling was done for dry and rainy season conditions at seven locations (S1, S2, S3, …, S7) along the river, spaced 3 to 6 km apart to a total of 30.4 km. The results were grouped into four zones: (Z1) reference, (Z2) transition, (Z3) polluted, (Z4) recovery. The Alborada (S5) and Tunzingo (S6) sites, adjacent to dense high-class residential areas (Z3), had the greatest pollution charges in both seasons, while the La Poza (S7) site near the Tres Palos lagoon (Z4) showed a decrease in pollution. All parameters correlated with increasing head- to down-river sampling distance by following linear (pH, DO) or curvilinear patterns (all other parameters). Using sampling location and dry versus rainy sampling season as multivariate regression (predictor) variables led to least-squares capturing: 1) 66% to 95% of the T(°C), pH, DO, and PO3-4 variations, and 2) 57% to 96% of the log-linear variations of the other parameters. Among the parameters, T(°C), DO, and PO3-4 were not significantly affected by sampling season, while pH became so after deleting two higher than usual pH values at the S5 and S6 locations during the dry season.展开更多
文摘A multivariate statistical analysis was performed on multi-element soil geochemical data from the Koda Hill-Bulenga gold prospects in the Wa-Lawra gold belt, northwest Ghana. The objectives of the study were to define gold relationships with other trace elements to determine possible pathfinder elements for gold from the soil geochemical data. The study focused on seven elements, namely, Au, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ag, As and Cu. Factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed on the analyzed samples. Factor analysis explained 79.093% of the total variance of the data through three factors. This had the gold factor being factor 3, having associations of copper, iron, lead and manganese and accounting for 20.903% of the total variance. From hierarchical clustering, gold was also observed to be clustering with lead, copper, arsenic and silver. There was further indication that, gold concentrations were lower than that of its associations. It can be inferred from the results that, the occurrence of gold and its associated elements can be linked to both primary dispersion from underlying rocks and secondary processes such as lateritization. This data shows that Fe and Mn strongly associated with gold, and alongside Pb, Ag, As and Cu, these elements can be used as pathfinders for gold in the area, with ferruginous zones as targets.
文摘目的分析小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响因素。方法收集87例经组织病理学或细胞学确诊的小细胞肺癌,分析性别、年龄、分期、血红蛋白水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平、一线化疗疗效、放疗及手术治疗等因素与患者生存期的关系,采用Kap lan-M e ier法生存分析,进行Log-rank非参数检验,用COX比例风险模型进行多因素生存分析。结果全组患者12、24和36个月生存率分别为78.2%、37.9%和8.0%,其中局限期12、24和36个月生存率分别为85.7%、42.9%和10.7%,广泛期12、24和36个月生存率分别为64.5%、29.0%和3.2%。全组中位生存时间为18个月,其中局限期生存时间19个月,广泛期生存时间14个月。单因素分析发现分期、血红蛋白水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平、一线化疗疗效、放疗及手术治疗均可影响患者的生存期。多因素分析则提示分期、一线化疗疗效、放疗及手术治疗是患者生存的独立影响因素。结论分期、化疗疗效、是否接受放疗及手术治疗可能是影响小细胞肺癌患者预后的主要因素。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20872018）, the Science ＆ Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （No. 08411961800）, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 20090450065） and the State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics （No. T152805）.
文摘Colorectal cancer （CRC） is the third commonest malignancy cancer worldwide. Clear understandings of global metabolic profiling of the normal mucosa and cancer tissues are vitally important to aid optimizing the clinical management strategy and understanding CRC biology. We studied metabolic characteristics of 20 CRC and 20 distant normal mucosa tissues extracts from 20 patients using high resolution ^1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analyses, such as principal component analysis （PCA）. Compared with distant normal mucosa tissues, lactate, taurine, ornithine and polyamine were present at significantly higher levels in CRC tissue extracts whereas myo-inositol was present at significantly lower level. Two metabolites ratios such as myo-inositolltaurine and myo-inositol/（ornithine＋polyamine） appear to be the most valuable biomarkers for the differentiation CRC from normal mucosa tissues. Our data suggested that HR ~H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analy- ses is a potentially useful technology for detecting malignant changes in the normal mucosa tissues, the technique may be further exploited for future CRC biomarker research or identification of targets for therapeutic manipulations.
文摘The basin of Rio de la Sabana is the largest tributary of the Tres Palos coastal lagoon in Southwest Mexico, east of Acapulco. This lagoon and its upstream basin areas have become a high priority area for the preservation of coastal and marine environments. To obtain information about water quality as affected by urban expansion since 2002, fourteen physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphate), biochemical (biological and chemical oxygen demand, methylene blue active substances) and bacteriological parameters (total and fecal coliforms) were determined. This sampling was done for dry and rainy season conditions at seven locations (S1, S2, S3, …, S7) along the river, spaced 3 to 6 km apart to a total of 30.4 km. The results were grouped into four zones: (Z1) reference, (Z2) transition, (Z3) polluted, (Z4) recovery. The Alborada (S5) and Tunzingo (S6) sites, adjacent to dense high-class residential areas (Z3), had the greatest pollution charges in both seasons, while the La Poza (S7) site near the Tres Palos lagoon (Z4) showed a decrease in pollution. All parameters correlated with increasing head- to down-river sampling distance by following linear (pH, DO) or curvilinear patterns (all other parameters). Using sampling location and dry versus rainy sampling season as multivariate regression (predictor) variables led to least-squares capturing: 1) 66% to 95% of the T(°C), pH, DO, and PO3-4 variations, and 2) 57% to 96% of the log-linear variations of the other parameters. Among the parameters, T(°C), DO, and PO3-4 were not significantly affected by sampling season, while pH became so after deleting two higher than usual pH values at the S5 and S6 locations during the dry season.
