The water temperature stratification in large reservoirs might have serious ecological and environmental consequences. The modeling of the temperature distribution and its history is of great importance both for study...The water temperature stratification in large reservoirs might have serious ecological and environmental consequences. The modeling of the temperature distribution and its history is of great importance both for studying the underlying mechanisms and for controlling the adverse effects. To develop an effective and efficient method for simulation of temporal and spatial temperature variations, a lattice Boltzmann method（LBM） model for 3-D thermal buoyancy flows is proposed and validated by the temperature data measured in a model reservoir. This paper discusses important aspects of the LBM and its turbulence model, analyzes the gravity sinking mechanism of cold currents, and demonstrates the complexity of the temperature redistribution process. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results shows that the newly developed method is feasible and powerful, and it will be used for the water temperature prediction in actual reservoirs in a near future.展开更多
The question of how to choose a copula model that best fits a given dataset is a predominant limitation of the copula approach, and the present study aims to investigate the techniques of goodness-of-fit tests for mul...The question of how to choose a copula model that best fits a given dataset is a predominant limitation of the copula approach, and the present study aims to investigate the techniques of goodness-of-fit tests for multi-dimensional copulas. A goodness-of-fit test based on Rosenblatt＇s transformation was mathematically expanded from two dimensions to three dimensions and procedures of a bootstrap version of the test were provided. Through stochastic copula simulation, an empirical application of historical drought data at the Lintong Gauge Station shows that the goodness-of-fit tests perform well, revealing that both trivariate Gaussian and Student t copulas are acceptable for modeling the dependence structures of the observed drought duration, severity, and peak. The goodness-of-fit tests for multi-dimensional copulas can provide further support and help a lot in the potential applications of a wider range of copulas to describe the associations of correlated hydrological variables. However, for the application of copulas with the number of dimensions larger than three, more complicated computational efforts as well as exploration and parameterization of corresponding copulas are required.展开更多
为了预测不同废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculaction,EGR)率对某型高压共轨柴油机性能的影响,采用AVL FIRE软件建立了该柴油机缸内的多维仿真模型,并与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的正确性;对样机采用不同的EGR率进行缸内模拟计算,分...为了预测不同废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculaction,EGR)率对某型高压共轨柴油机性能的影响,采用AVL FIRE软件建立了该柴油机缸内的多维仿真模型,并与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的正确性;对样机采用不同的EGR率进行缸内模拟计算,分析研究了不同EGR率对柴油机缸内燃烧过程参数及排放(NOx和Soot)的影响。结果表明:随着EGR率从0.00增加到0.20,柴油机缸内燃烧速率减小,爆压和最高温度分别下降了4.0%和3.9%,累计放热量下降了3.5%,滞燃期增加了0.9℃A,同时缸内NOx排放生成区域明显减少,但Soot排放生成区域明显增加。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10572106,10872153 and 11172219)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20130141110013)
文摘The water temperature stratification in large reservoirs might have serious ecological and environmental consequences. The modeling of the temperature distribution and its history is of great importance both for studying the underlying mechanisms and for controlling the adverse effects. To develop an effective and efficient method for simulation of temporal and spatial temperature variations, a lattice Boltzmann method（LBM） model for 3-D thermal buoyancy flows is proposed and validated by the temperature data measured in a model reservoir. This paper discusses important aspects of the LBM and its turbulence model, analyzes the gravity sinking mechanism of cold currents, and demonstrates the complexity of the temperature redistribution process. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results shows that the newly developed method is feasible and powerful, and it will be used for the water temperature prediction in actual reservoirs in a near future.
基金supported by the Program of Introducing Talents of Disciplines to Universities of the Ministry of Education and State Administration of the Foreign Experts Affairs of China (the 111 Project, Grant No.B08048)the Special Basic Research Fund for Methodology in Hydrology of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011IM011000)
文摘The question of how to choose a copula model that best fits a given dataset is a predominant limitation of the copula approach, and the present study aims to investigate the techniques of goodness-of-fit tests for multi-dimensional copulas. A goodness-of-fit test based on Rosenblatt＇s transformation was mathematically expanded from two dimensions to three dimensions and procedures of a bootstrap version of the test were provided. Through stochastic copula simulation, an empirical application of historical drought data at the Lintong Gauge Station shows that the goodness-of-fit tests perform well, revealing that both trivariate Gaussian and Student t copulas are acceptable for modeling the dependence structures of the observed drought duration, severity, and peak. The goodness-of-fit tests for multi-dimensional copulas can provide further support and help a lot in the potential applications of a wider range of copulas to describe the associations of correlated hydrological variables. However, for the application of copulas with the number of dimensions larger than three, more complicated computational efforts as well as exploration and parameterization of corresponding copulas are required.
文摘为了预测不同废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculaction,EGR)率对某型高压共轨柴油机性能的影响,采用AVL FIRE软件建立了该柴油机缸内的多维仿真模型,并与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的正确性;对样机采用不同的EGR率进行缸内模拟计算,分析研究了不同EGR率对柴油机缸内燃烧过程参数及排放(NOx和Soot)的影响。结果表明:随着EGR率从0.00增加到0.20,柴油机缸内燃烧速率减小,爆压和最高温度分别下降了4.0%和3.9%,累计放热量下降了3.5%,滞燃期增加了0.9℃A,同时缸内NOx排放生成区域明显减少,但Soot排放生成区域明显增加。
