近年来,阿根廷红虾渔业迅速成为世界上最重要的海捕虾渔业之一,其发展与管理受到联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)的称赞。根据阿根廷国家渔业当局的文件资料、渔业科研机构的科研...近年来,阿根廷红虾渔业迅速成为世界上最重要的海捕虾渔业之一,其发展与管理受到联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)的称赞。根据阿根廷国家渔业当局的文件资料、渔业科研机构的科研调查资料和阿根廷红虾渔业的生产实践,介绍了阿根廷红虾基本生物学特性和栖息环境,并对包括年产量、渔船类型和渔场等在内的阿根廷红虾渔业作了概要的阐述。将阿根廷联邦渔业委员会2018年通过的阿根廷红虾渔业管理规定(Resolución CFP N°7/2018)的决议内容与以往的规定内容进行了对比分析,并通过对2019年管理实践的回顾,着重描述了阿根廷多年形成的在面积18.00×10^(4) km^(2)的鳕鱼幼鱼永久禁渔区内,由载有观察员的渔船分期、分区试捕,并由观察员的观察结果决定阿根廷红虾渔场的开放与关闭的动态管理措施。最后,概要地梳理了当前阿根廷红虾渔业管理的特点、经验与现存的问题。旨在为国内业界更好地了解阿根廷红虾资源,参与利用阿根廷红虾资源提供信息。展开更多
The relationship between bacterial load and the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri was analyzed in a scale-up experiment. The microalga was grown during five days in a 0.4-L Erlenmeyer flask, 2-L Fernbach flask, 18-L Carb...The relationship between bacterial load and the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri was analyzed in a scale-up experiment. The microalga was grown during five days in a 0.4-L Erlenmeyer flask, 2-L Fernbach flask, 18-L Carboy and 400-L column, during which the cell density of C. muelleri, the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio spp., and total bacteria were determined. The highest specific growth rates (μ) of C. muelleri occurred during the first day of culture (0.88 to 2.29 d-1). Highest cell density was recorded on the fifth day at the 2-L (7.62 × 106 cells·mL-1) and 18-L (6.32 × 106 cells·mL-1), coinciding with the maximum counts of heterotrophic bacteria (16.55 × 105 and >30 × 105 CFU·mL-1, respectively). There was a high correlation (0.80, 0.75, 0.85;p?5 cells·mL-1) during the five days occurred at 18-L Carboy. The concentration of total bacteria at all levels was always higher than that of heterotrophic bacteria. The average ratio of heterotrophic to total bacteria was higher in the 2-L (0.0108) and 18-L (0.0172) cultures. The high biomass of C. muelleri and the presence of Vibrio spp. at the 18-L and 400-L levels indicate that it is necessary to establish programs to prevent diseases and economic losses caused by pathogenic bacteria in penaeid shrimp farming.展开更多
The physiological responses of Nitzschia palea Kvtzing, a freshwater diatom, to elevated CO2 were investigated and compared with those of a marine diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann previously reported. Elevated ...The physiological responses of Nitzschia palea Kvtzing, a freshwater diatom, to elevated CO2 were investigated and compared with those of a marine diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann previously reported. Elevated CO2 concentration to 700 μl/L increased the dissolved inorganic carbon （D!C） and lowered the pH in the cultures of N. palea, thus enhancing the growth by 4%-20% during the whole growth period. High CO2-grown N. palea cells showed lower levels of dark respiration rates and higher Ik values. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic efficiencies decreased in N. palea with the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the bottom of cultures, although the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the surface cultures had few effects on these two photosynthetic parameters. N. palea cells were found to be capable of using HCO5 in addition to gaseous CO2, and the CO2 enrichment decreased their affinity for HCO5 and CO2. Although doubled CO2 level would enhance the biomass of N. patea and C. muelleri to different extents, compared with the marine diatom, it had a significant effect on the specific growth rates of N. palea. In addition, the responses of photosynthetic parameters of IV. palea to doubled CO2 concentration were almost opposite to those of C. muelleri.展开更多
Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ...Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri and screening the effective fungicides, so as to prolong the storage period ofA. muelleri and decrease the losses. Isolation and identification, as well as pathogenicity test and retro-inoculation experiments were made for the pathogen causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The effective fungicides for the main pathogens were also screened in the laboratory. Six fungi were identified as the pathogens causing tuber rot of A. muelleri, which were Fusarium solani （Mart,） Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissl., Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Penicillium ulaiense Hsieh, Su ＆ Tzean. The main pathogens causing postharvest diseases ofA. muelleri were F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea. The isolation frequencies of them were 33.9%, 10.5% and 19.4%, respectively. After artificial inoculation, the incidence of tubers infected by F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea was 100%, 83% and 95%, respectively. The results of chemical screening showed that, in potato dextrose agar （PDA） media plate, the compounds Fludioxonil （50% WP） and Boscalid （50% WG） were the most effective in controlling the three main pathogens, and the average effect reached more than 97%. The test of fungicidal antisepsis on tubers consisted ofA. muelleri being dipped in the 9,000x diluted solution of Fludioxonil （50% WP） or in the 3,500x diluted solution of Boscalid （50% WG） for 3 min and stored at room temperature （25 ℃） for 7 d and 15 d, respectively. The fungicidal effects of Fludioxonil against F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea for 7 d and 15 d were 88.6%/83.2%, 90.1%/84.7% and 93.0%/91.5%, respectively, whereas the fungicidal effects of Boscalid were 87.0%/85.3%, 89.0%/85.6% a展开更多
文摘近年来,阿根廷红虾渔业迅速成为世界上最重要的海捕虾渔业之一,其发展与管理受到联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)的称赞。根据阿根廷国家渔业当局的文件资料、渔业科研机构的科研调查资料和阿根廷红虾渔业的生产实践,介绍了阿根廷红虾基本生物学特性和栖息环境,并对包括年产量、渔船类型和渔场等在内的阿根廷红虾渔业作了概要的阐述。将阿根廷联邦渔业委员会2018年通过的阿根廷红虾渔业管理规定(Resolución CFP N°7/2018)的决议内容与以往的规定内容进行了对比分析,并通过对2019年管理实践的回顾,着重描述了阿根廷多年形成的在面积18.00×10^(4) km^(2)的鳕鱼幼鱼永久禁渔区内,由载有观察员的渔船分期、分区试捕,并由观察员的观察结果决定阿根廷红虾渔场的开放与关闭的动态管理措施。最后,概要地梳理了当前阿根廷红虾渔业管理的特点、经验与现存的问题。旨在为国内业界更好地了解阿根廷红虾资源,参与利用阿根廷红虾资源提供信息。
文摘The relationship between bacterial load and the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri was analyzed in a scale-up experiment. The microalga was grown during five days in a 0.4-L Erlenmeyer flask, 2-L Fernbach flask, 18-L Carboy and 400-L column, during which the cell density of C. muelleri, the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio spp., and total bacteria were determined. The highest specific growth rates (μ) of C. muelleri occurred during the first day of culture (0.88 to 2.29 d-1). Highest cell density was recorded on the fifth day at the 2-L (7.62 × 106 cells·mL-1) and 18-L (6.32 × 106 cells·mL-1), coinciding with the maximum counts of heterotrophic bacteria (16.55 × 105 and >30 × 105 CFU·mL-1, respectively). There was a high correlation (0.80, 0.75, 0.85;p?5 cells·mL-1) during the five days occurred at 18-L Carboy. The concentration of total bacteria at all levels was always higher than that of heterotrophic bacteria. The average ratio of heterotrophic to total bacteria was higher in the 2-L (0.0108) and 18-L (0.0172) cultures. The high biomass of C. muelleri and the presence of Vibrio spp. at the 18-L and 400-L levels indicate that it is necessary to establish programs to prevent diseases and economic losses caused by pathogenic bacteria in penaeid shrimp farming.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.90411018,30270036) and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The physiological responses of Nitzschia palea Kvtzing, a freshwater diatom, to elevated CO2 were investigated and compared with those of a marine diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann previously reported. Elevated CO2 concentration to 700 μl/L increased the dissolved inorganic carbon （D!C） and lowered the pH in the cultures of N. palea, thus enhancing the growth by 4%-20% during the whole growth period. High CO2-grown N. palea cells showed lower levels of dark respiration rates and higher Ik values. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic efficiencies decreased in N. palea with the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the bottom of cultures, although the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the surface cultures had few effects on these two photosynthetic parameters. N. palea cells were found to be capable of using HCO5 in addition to gaseous CO2, and the CO2 enrichment decreased their affinity for HCO5 and CO2. Although doubled CO2 level would enhance the biomass of N. patea and C. muelleri to different extents, compared with the marine diatom, it had a significant effect on the specific growth rates of N. palea. In addition, the responses of photosynthetic parameters of IV. palea to doubled CO2 concentration were almost opposite to those of C. muelleri.
基金This research was supported by the Science Foundation No. 2011FZ 178, 2011FZ 180, 2014HD004, 14C26215303260 and National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） No. 31260073, 31340019, 31160412, 41361056.
文摘Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri and screening the effective fungicides, so as to prolong the storage period ofA. muelleri and decrease the losses. Isolation and identification, as well as pathogenicity test and retro-inoculation experiments were made for the pathogen causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The effective fungicides for the main pathogens were also screened in the laboratory. Six fungi were identified as the pathogens causing tuber rot of A. muelleri, which were Fusarium solani （Mart,） Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissl., Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Penicillium ulaiense Hsieh, Su ＆ Tzean. The main pathogens causing postharvest diseases ofA. muelleri were F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea. The isolation frequencies of them were 33.9%, 10.5% and 19.4%, respectively. After artificial inoculation, the incidence of tubers infected by F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea was 100%, 83% and 95%, respectively. The results of chemical screening showed that, in potato dextrose agar （PDA） media plate, the compounds Fludioxonil （50% WP） and Boscalid （50% WG） were the most effective in controlling the three main pathogens, and the average effect reached more than 97%. The test of fungicidal antisepsis on tubers consisted ofA. muelleri being dipped in the 9,000x diluted solution of Fludioxonil （50% WP） or in the 3,500x diluted solution of Boscalid （50% WG） for 3 min and stored at room temperature （25 ℃） for 7 d and 15 d, respectively. The fungicidal effects of Fludioxonil against F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea for 7 d and 15 d were 88.6%/83.2%, 90.1%/84.7% and 93.0%/91.5%, respectively, whereas the fungicidal effects of Boscalid were 87.0%/85.3%, 89.0%/85.6% a
