BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity...BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies.However,ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC.AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model,aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients.METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+and CD8+T cells from tumor tissues,ascites,and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry.An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody(mAb)and/or anti-PD-1 mAb.Tumor growth in each group was measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors.The percentage of CD4+and CD8+T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry.The percentages of PD-1+CD8+,TIM-3+CD8+,and PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+T cells was accessed by flow cytometry.The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients.TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight,while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment.Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues,and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+T cells in tumor tissues.Moreover,combined treatment facilitated the production 展开更多
Ebolaviruses are highly dangerous pathogens exhibiting extreme virulence in humans and nonhuman primates. The majority of ebolavirus species, most notably Zaire ebolavirus, can cause Ebola virus disease(EVD), formerly...Ebolaviruses are highly dangerous pathogens exhibiting extreme virulence in humans and nonhuman primates. The majority of ebolavirus species, most notably Zaire ebolavirus, can cause Ebola virus disease(EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, in humans. EVD is associated with case-fatality rates as high as 90%, and there is currently no specific treatment or licensed vaccine available against EVD. Understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of ebolaviruses is important for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Ebolavirus encodes several forms of glycoproteins(GPs), which have some interesting characteristics, including the transcriptional editing coding strategy and extensive O-glycosylation modification, clustered in the mucin-like domain of GP1, full-length GP(GP_(1,2)), and shed GP. In addition to the canonical role of the spike protein, GP_(1,2), in viral entry, ebolavirus GPs appear to have multiple additional functions,likely contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the virus. Here, we review the roles of ebolavirus GPs in viral pathogenesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastroenterological diseases characterized by abnormal visceral sensitivity and lowgrade inflammation. The role of Clostridium butyricum (...BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastroenterological diseases characterized by abnormal visceral sensitivity and lowgrade inflammation. The role of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) in reducing intestinal low-grade inflammation via immune pathways has been well defined. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of C. butyricum on intestinal mucosal immunity, especially on immune cells of the lamina propria, remain unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are important immune cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and others) and express T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), promoting proliferation and activation of DCs, and mediating Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. AIM To investigate the role of DCs in the development of IBS in a rat model and to understand the regulation of DCs after C. butyricum intervention. METHODS An IBS animal model was established using C57BL/6 mice, and C. butyricum was continuously administered via the intragastric route to simulate different intestinal immune states. Intestinal visceral hypersensitivity and histopathology were assessed using the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, respectively. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and TIM3 was analyzed by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the quantity, function, and membrane molecule TIM3 of the lamina propria dendritic cells (LPDCs). The regulatory effect of C. butyricum was verified in bone marrowderived dendritic cells by in vitro experiments. RESULTS The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in mice with IBS was significantly increased compared with that of the control group, which suggested that the intestinal mucosa in mice with IBS was in a low-grade inflammatory state. The expression of CD11C+CD80+ and CD11c+TIM3+ in intestinal LPDCs in mice with IBS increased significantly. Meanwhile, the cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6展开更多
目的探讨活动性肺结核患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain molecule,TIM)-1及TIM-3、细胞因子的变化。方法纳入2017年12月至2018年12月在浙江省中西医结合医院就诊和治愈的肺...目的探讨活动性肺结核患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain molecule,TIM)-1及TIM-3、细胞因子的变化。方法纳入2017年12月至2018年12月在浙江省中西医结合医院就诊和治愈的肺结核患者各50例,分成结核病组和结核病治愈组;另选同期在浙江省中西医结合医院进行体格检查的50名健康者,作为健康对照组。采用流式细胞术检测纳入对象的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测外周血单个核细胞中TIM-1、TIM-3、γ干扰素和白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-4的mRNA水平。统计学方法采用t检验。结果结核病组CD4+T淋巴细胞/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值为1.21±0.50,分别低于结核病治愈组的1.88±0.62和健康对照组的1.92±0.82,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.148、2.207,均P<0.05)。结核病组TIM-1、TIM-3、IL-4的mRNA水平分别为2.16±0.37、1.59±0.36、1.52±0.69,分别高于结核病治愈组的1.60±1.23、1.01±0.52、0.91±0.36和健康对照组的1.40±0.27、0.92±0.34、0.79±0.42,差异均有统计学意义(结核病组比结核病治愈组t=14.120、11.440、17.730,结核病组比健康对照组t=12.090、12.050、17.030;均P<0.05);结核病组γ干扰素的mRNA水平为0.43±0.11,低于结核病治愈组的1.74±0.72和健康对照组的1.82±1.17,差异均有统计学意义(t=13.880、11.430,均P<0.05)。结论活动性肺结核患者的免疫功能紊乱可能与其体内CD4+T淋巴细胞/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值低下、TIM-1和TIM-3表达水平升高,以及辅助性T淋巴细胞(helper T lymphocyte,Th)1/Th2细胞因子比例失调有关。展开更多
基金Supported by the First-Class Discipline Construction Founded Project of Ningxia Medical University and the School of Clinical Medicine,No.2020008.
文摘BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies.However,ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC.AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model,aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients.METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+and CD8+T cells from tumor tissues,ascites,and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry.An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody(mAb)and/or anti-PD-1 mAb.Tumor growth in each group was measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors.The percentage of CD4+and CD8+T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry.The percentages of PD-1+CD8+,TIM-3+CD8+,and PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+T cells was accessed by flow cytometry.The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients.TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight,while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment.Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues,and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+T cells in tumor tissues.Moreover,combined treatment facilitated the production
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31125003 and No. 31321001)the Basic Work Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013FY113500)
文摘Ebolaviruses are highly dangerous pathogens exhibiting extreme virulence in humans and nonhuman primates. The majority of ebolavirus species, most notably Zaire ebolavirus, can cause Ebola virus disease(EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, in humans. EVD is associated with case-fatality rates as high as 90%, and there is currently no specific treatment or licensed vaccine available against EVD. Understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of ebolaviruses is important for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Ebolavirus encodes several forms of glycoproteins(GPs), which have some interesting characteristics, including the transcriptional editing coding strategy and extensive O-glycosylation modification, clustered in the mucin-like domain of GP1, full-length GP(GP_(1,2)), and shed GP. In addition to the canonical role of the spike protein, GP_(1,2), in viral entry, ebolavirus GPs appear to have multiple additional functions,likely contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the virus. Here, we review the roles of ebolavirus GPs in viral pathogenesis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770538 and No.81570485Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,No.2017CXGC1215
文摘BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastroenterological diseases characterized by abnormal visceral sensitivity and lowgrade inflammation. The role of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) in reducing intestinal low-grade inflammation via immune pathways has been well defined. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of C. butyricum on intestinal mucosal immunity, especially on immune cells of the lamina propria, remain unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are important immune cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and others) and express T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), promoting proliferation and activation of DCs, and mediating Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. AIM To investigate the role of DCs in the development of IBS in a rat model and to understand the regulation of DCs after C. butyricum intervention. METHODS An IBS animal model was established using C57BL/6 mice, and C. butyricum was continuously administered via the intragastric route to simulate different intestinal immune states. Intestinal visceral hypersensitivity and histopathology were assessed using the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, respectively. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and TIM3 was analyzed by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the quantity, function, and membrane molecule TIM3 of the lamina propria dendritic cells (LPDCs). The regulatory effect of C. butyricum was verified in bone marrowderived dendritic cells by in vitro experiments. RESULTS The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in mice with IBS was significantly increased compared with that of the control group, which suggested that the intestinal mucosa in mice with IBS was in a low-grade inflammatory state. The expression of CD11C+CD80+ and CD11c+TIM3+ in intestinal LPDCs in mice with IBS increased significantly. Meanwhile, the cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6
文摘目的探讨活动性肺结核患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain molecule,TIM)-1及TIM-3、细胞因子的变化。方法纳入2017年12月至2018年12月在浙江省中西医结合医院就诊和治愈的肺结核患者各50例,分成结核病组和结核病治愈组;另选同期在浙江省中西医结合医院进行体格检查的50名健康者,作为健康对照组。采用流式细胞术检测纳入对象的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测外周血单个核细胞中TIM-1、TIM-3、γ干扰素和白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-4的mRNA水平。统计学方法采用t检验。结果结核病组CD4+T淋巴细胞/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值为1.21±0.50,分别低于结核病治愈组的1.88±0.62和健康对照组的1.92±0.82,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.148、2.207,均P<0.05)。结核病组TIM-1、TIM-3、IL-4的mRNA水平分别为2.16±0.37、1.59±0.36、1.52±0.69,分别高于结核病治愈组的1.60±1.23、1.01±0.52、0.91±0.36和健康对照组的1.40±0.27、0.92±0.34、0.79±0.42,差异均有统计学意义(结核病组比结核病治愈组t=14.120、11.440、17.730,结核病组比健康对照组t=12.090、12.050、17.030;均P<0.05);结核病组γ干扰素的mRNA水平为0.43±0.11,低于结核病治愈组的1.74±0.72和健康对照组的1.82±1.17,差异均有统计学意义(t=13.880、11.430,均P<0.05)。结论活动性肺结核患者的免疫功能紊乱可能与其体内CD4+T淋巴细胞/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值低下、TIM-1和TIM-3表达水平升高,以及辅助性T淋巴细胞(helper T lymphocyte,Th)1/Th2细胞因子比例失调有关。
