The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feede...The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’feeding process.The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its surroundings.The analysed feeders were:tube-type with partition grid(F1);tube-type without partition grid(F2);and automatic type with partition grid(F3).The considered variables were:occupied area(OA);activity index(AI)(flock movement);total birds presented in the area(TB);and birds effectively eating(EE).OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually measured.The results indicated that the feeder type could have influenced the birds’behaviour regarding to OA(R2=0.56),TB(R2=0.48),and EE(R2=0.40),but AI(R2=0.01)was not found to be directly influenced by the feeder type.A higher percentage of birds effectively eating were found in F2(86.4%),which was the one with the largest free area to access the feed.Similar average number of total birds was found in F1,but with a lower percentage of individuals effectively eating(63.3%),which means that birds were nearby this feeder performing other behaviours.Since the assessed feeders were in the same house under the same conditions,it can be suggested that not only the free area to access the feed but potentially the design of feeders could have influenced the birds’feeding preference.The real beneficial effect of the adoption of partition grid on feed trays is still uncertain,and it is also unclear whether the financial value of reduced wastage would compensate the possible reduction in feed intake.展开更多
Small water-plane area twin-hull（SWATH） has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its good sea-keeping ability.In this paper,MMG＇s idea of separation was used to perform SWATH movement modeling and simulat...Small water-plane area twin-hull（SWATH） has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its good sea-keeping ability.In this paper,MMG＇s idea of separation was used to perform SWATH movement modeling and simulation;respectively the forces and moment of SWATH were divided into bare hull,propeller,rudder at the fluid hydrodynamics,etc.Wake coefficient at the propellers which reduces thrust coefficient,and rudder mutual interference forces among the hull and propeller,for the calculation of SWATH,were all considered.The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method of integration was used by solving differential equations,in order to get SWATH＇s movement states.As an example,a turning test at full speed and full starboard rudder of ‘Seagull＇ craft is shown.The simulation results show the SWATH＇s regular pattern and trend of motion.It verifies the correctness of the mathematical model of the turning movement.The SWATH＇s mathematical model is applied to marine simulator in order to train the pilots or seamen,or safety assessment for ocean engineering project.Lastly,the full mission navigation simulating system（FMNSS） was determined to be a successful virtual reality technology application sample in the field of navigation simulation.展开更多
A C-testable motion estimation （CTME） design to efficiently detect the faults in process elements （PEs） is presented. The goal of the CTME design is to offer high reliability for video coding systems. The proposed...A C-testable motion estimation （CTME） design to efficiently detect the faults in process elements （PEs） is presented. The goal of the CTME design is to offer high reliability for video coding systems. The proposed CTME was carried out by Verilog HDL （very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language） and synthesized with the TSMC （Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company） 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Logic simulation results show that the proposed CTME guarantees 100% fault coverage with only 8 sets of test patterns. Design verification and comparisons also demonstrate that the area overhead of the proposed CTME is about 4.8% with little delay penalty.展开更多
文摘The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’feeding process.The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its surroundings.The analysed feeders were:tube-type with partition grid(F1);tube-type without partition grid(F2);and automatic type with partition grid(F3).The considered variables were:occupied area(OA);activity index(AI)(flock movement);total birds presented in the area(TB);and birds effectively eating(EE).OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually measured.The results indicated that the feeder type could have influenced the birds’behaviour regarding to OA(R2=0.56),TB(R2=0.48),and EE(R2=0.40),but AI(R2=0.01)was not found to be directly influenced by the feeder type.A higher percentage of birds effectively eating were found in F2(86.4%),which was the one with the largest free area to access the feed.Similar average number of total birds was found in F1,but with a lower percentage of individuals effectively eating(63.3%),which means that birds were nearby this feeder performing other behaviours.Since the assessed feeders were in the same house under the same conditions,it can be suggested that not only the free area to access the feed but potentially the design of feeders could have influenced the birds’feeding preference.The real beneficial effect of the adoption of partition grid on feed trays is still uncertain,and it is also unclear whether the financial value of reduced wastage would compensate the possible reduction in feed intake.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51109020 the National Key Project for Basic Research“973”（2009CB320805）
文摘Small water-plane area twin-hull（SWATH） has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its good sea-keeping ability.In this paper,MMG＇s idea of separation was used to perform SWATH movement modeling and simulation;respectively the forces and moment of SWATH were divided into bare hull,propeller,rudder at the fluid hydrodynamics,etc.Wake coefficient at the propellers which reduces thrust coefficient,and rudder mutual interference forces among the hull and propeller,for the calculation of SWATH,were all considered.The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method of integration was used by solving differential equations,in order to get SWATH＇s movement states.As an example,a turning test at full speed and full starboard rudder of ‘Seagull＇ craft is shown.The simulation results show the SWATH＇s regular pattern and trend of motion.It verifies the correctness of the mathematical model of the turning movement.The SWATH＇s mathematical model is applied to marine simulator in order to train the pilots or seamen,or safety assessment for ocean engineering project.Lastly,the full mission navigation simulating system（FMNSS） was determined to be a successful virtual reality technology application sample in the field of navigation simulation.
文摘A C-testable motion estimation （CTME） design to efficiently detect the faults in process elements （PEs） is presented. The goal of the CTME design is to offer high reliability for video coding systems. The proposed CTME was carried out by Verilog HDL （very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language） and synthesized with the TSMC （Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company） 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Logic simulation results show that the proposed CTME guarantees 100% fault coverage with only 8 sets of test patterns. Design verification and comparisons also demonstrate that the area overhead of the proposed CTME is about 4.8% with little delay penalty.
