谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)是中国起源的古老粟类作物,在旱作生态可持续农业建设和种植业结构调整中具有重要作用,也是应对未来更加干旱环境的战略储备作物。自2001年到2015年,全国农技中心组织国家谷...谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)是中国起源的古老粟类作物,在旱作生态可持续农业建设和种植业结构调整中具有重要作用,也是应对未来更加干旱环境的战略储备作物。自2001年到2015年,全国农技中心组织国家谷子糜子区域试验,对这个时期培育的谷子糜子品种的产量、适应性和品质进行综合鉴定,积累这个时期谷子糜子育成品种的产量和农艺性状表现的基础数据。本期《中国农业科学》发表了6篇对过去10—15年谷子糜子育成品种产量和农艺性状表现的分析评价文章,这些文章从整体上梳理了中国华北夏谷区、西北早熟区、西北中晚熟区、东北春谷区和糜子育成品种的产量水平、育种进步的性状和存在问题等,也提出了近期及将来的育种目标。本文是对这6篇文章进行的简评,希望能引导这6篇文章的深入研读。谷子糜子育种的突破有赖于关键性亲本的发现、创制和利用,以及有益产量性状累加育种技术的突破;商品性优质、食味优质、功能性优质专用和中矮秆适合机械化轻简化栽培应成为谷子糜子育种最应关注的重点方向。展开更多
Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced ...Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to farmers.In this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich accessions.Proso millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial group.Race patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each other.The lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and ovatum.Eighteen high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were identified.They included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein contents.IPm 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by threshing.This study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.展开更多
为明确不同施氮量下糜子生长规律、产量表现以及氮素利用效率,分析糜子形态特征与产量和氮素利用的关系,同时确定宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子的适宜施氮量,本研究于2019年和2020年以宁糜9号为材料,2019年设0 (N0)、90 (N1)、120 (N2)和150...为明确不同施氮量下糜子生长规律、产量表现以及氮素利用效率,分析糜子形态特征与产量和氮素利用的关系,同时确定宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子的适宜施氮量,本研究于2019年和2020年以宁糜9号为材料,2019年设0 (N0)、90 (N1)、120 (N2)和150 kg hm^(-2) (N3)纯氮水平,2020年增设180 (N4)和210 kg hm^(-2) (N5)纯氮水平,以不施氮肥(N0)为对照在宁夏引黄灌区进行大田试验。结果表明,施氮显著促进糜子各生育时期株高、茎粗、叶面积、根系的生长和干物质的积累,但当施氮量超过150kghm^(–2)时,除茎粗和叶面积外,其余各生长指标出现下降趋势;根冠比随施氮量的增加呈先降低后升高再略微下降趋势,多数生育时期在N2处理根冠比达最小值,拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期分别为0.119、0.087、0.054和0.052。施氮显著促进糜子产量、千粒重和穗粒数增加,并且随施氮量的增加呈先增加后略微下降趋势,N2、N3处理促进效果最佳;N2、N3处理糜子产量分别为2979.41kghm^(–2)、3084.67 kg hm^(-2),较N0处理分别增产76.22%、83.21%。糜子的氮素收获指数、氮肥表观回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力在N2处理表现较好,分别为60.23%、61.81%、10.77 kg kg^(-1)、24.83 kg kg^(-1)。进一步分析发现,糜子产量与各生长指标显著正相关,各生长指标之间显著正相关,根系形态特征与氮素积累量显著正相关,表明施氮可以通过改善糜子根系形态特征来促进氮素吸收,进一步促进冠层的生长,从而有利于产量的形成。因此,适量施氮明显改善糜子生长状况、提高产量,并且有效平衡产量和氮素利用效率。综合来看,宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子的合理施氮量为120~150 kg hm^(–2)。展开更多
Foxtail millet is a minor yet important crop in some areas of the world,particularly northern China.It has strong adaptability to abiotic stresses,especially drought,and poor soil.It also has high nutritional value.Fo...Foxtail millet is a minor yet important crop in some areas of the world,particularly northern China.It has strong adaptability to abiotic stresses,especially drought,and poor soil.It also has high nutritional value.Foxtail millet is rich in essential amino acids,fatty acids and minerals,and is considered to be one of the most digestible and non-allergenic grains available and has significant importance for human health.Given foxtail millet’s ability to adapt to abiotic stresses associated with climate change,it is more important than ever to develop breeding strategies that facilitate the increasing demand for high quality grain that better satisfies consumers.Here we review research on foxtail millet quality evaluation,appearance,cooking and eating quality at the phenotypic level.We review analysis of the main nutrients in foxtail millet,their relationships and the biochemical and genetic factors affecting their accumulation.In addition,we review past progress in breeding this regionally important crop,outline current status of breeding of foxtail millet,and make suggestions to improve grain quality.展开更多
文摘谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)是中国起源的古老粟类作物,在旱作生态可持续农业建设和种植业结构调整中具有重要作用,也是应对未来更加干旱环境的战略储备作物。自2001年到2015年,全国农技中心组织国家谷子糜子区域试验,对这个时期培育的谷子糜子品种的产量、适应性和品质进行综合鉴定,积累这个时期谷子糜子育成品种的产量和农艺性状表现的基础数据。本期《中国农业科学》发表了6篇对过去10—15年谷子糜子育成品种产量和农艺性状表现的分析评价文章,这些文章从整体上梳理了中国华北夏谷区、西北早熟区、西北中晚熟区、东北春谷区和糜子育成品种的产量水平、育种进步的性状和存在问题等,也提出了近期及将来的育种目标。本文是对这6篇文章进行的简评,希望能引导这6篇文章的深入研读。谷子糜子育种的突破有赖于关键性亲本的发现、创制和利用,以及有益产量性状累加育种技术的突破;商品性优质、食味优质、功能性优质专用和中矮秆适合机械化轻简化栽培应成为谷子糜子育种最应关注的重点方向。
文摘Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to farmers.In this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich accessions.Proso millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial group.Race patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each other.The lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and ovatum.Eighteen high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were identified.They included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein contents.IPm 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by threshing.This study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.
文摘为明确不同施氮量下糜子生长规律、产量表现以及氮素利用效率,分析糜子形态特征与产量和氮素利用的关系,同时确定宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子的适宜施氮量,本研究于2019年和2020年以宁糜9号为材料,2019年设0 (N0)、90 (N1)、120 (N2)和150 kg hm^(-2) (N3)纯氮水平,2020年增设180 (N4)和210 kg hm^(-2) (N5)纯氮水平,以不施氮肥(N0)为对照在宁夏引黄灌区进行大田试验。结果表明,施氮显著促进糜子各生育时期株高、茎粗、叶面积、根系的生长和干物质的积累,但当施氮量超过150kghm^(–2)时,除茎粗和叶面积外,其余各生长指标出现下降趋势;根冠比随施氮量的增加呈先降低后升高再略微下降趋势,多数生育时期在N2处理根冠比达最小值,拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期分别为0.119、0.087、0.054和0.052。施氮显著促进糜子产量、千粒重和穗粒数增加,并且随施氮量的增加呈先增加后略微下降趋势,N2、N3处理促进效果最佳;N2、N3处理糜子产量分别为2979.41kghm^(–2)、3084.67 kg hm^(-2),较N0处理分别增产76.22%、83.21%。糜子的氮素收获指数、氮肥表观回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力在N2处理表现较好,分别为60.23%、61.81%、10.77 kg kg^(-1)、24.83 kg kg^(-1)。进一步分析发现,糜子产量与各生长指标显著正相关,各生长指标之间显著正相关,根系形态特征与氮素积累量显著正相关,表明施氮可以通过改善糜子根系形态特征来促进氮素吸收,进一步促进冠层的生长,从而有利于产量的形成。因此,适量施氮明显改善糜子生长状况、提高产量,并且有效平衡产量和氮素利用效率。综合来看,宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子的合理施氮量为120~150 kg hm^(–2)。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371693,31471502,31471556)Shanxi Key Project(20120311005-3)+2 种基金Shanxi Science and Technology Platform fund(2012091004-0103)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China for Oversea Returnees(2010041,2010050)the Joint Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,Ministry of Education(20131403110001).
文摘Foxtail millet is a minor yet important crop in some areas of the world,particularly northern China.It has strong adaptability to abiotic stresses,especially drought,and poor soil.It also has high nutritional value.Foxtail millet is rich in essential amino acids,fatty acids and minerals,and is considered to be one of the most digestible and non-allergenic grains available and has significant importance for human health.Given foxtail millet’s ability to adapt to abiotic stresses associated with climate change,it is more important than ever to develop breeding strategies that facilitate the increasing demand for high quality grain that better satisfies consumers.Here we review research on foxtail millet quality evaluation,appearance,cooking and eating quality at the phenotypic level.We review analysis of the main nutrients in foxtail millet,their relationships and the biochemical and genetic factors affecting their accumulation.In addition,we review past progress in breeding this regionally important crop,outline current status of breeding of foxtail millet,and make suggestions to improve grain quality.
