To determine the ash characteristics during fluidized bed combustion and gasification purposes, the investigation of the impacts of chemical composition of Jincheng coal ash on the sintering temperature was conducted....To determine the ash characteristics during fluidized bed combustion and gasification purposes, the investigation of the impacts of chemical composition of Jincheng coal ash on the sintering temperature was conducted. A series of experiments on the sintering behavior at 0.5 MPa was performed using the pressurized pressure-drop technique in the combustion and gasification atmospheres. Meanwhile, the mineral transformations of sintered ash pellets were observed using X-ray diffractometer （XRD） analyzer to better understand the experimental results. In addition, quantitative XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （FE-SEM/EDS） analyses of ash samples were used for clarifying the detailed ash melting mechanism. These results show that the addition of Fe203 can obviously reduce the sintering temperatures under gasification atmospheres, and only affect a little the sintering temperature under combustion atmosphere. This may be due to the presence of iron-bearing minerals, which will react with other ash compositions to produce low-melting-point eutectics. The FE-SEM/EDS analyses of ash samples with Fe203 additive show consistent results with the XRD measurements. The CaO and Na20 can reduce the sintering temperatures under both the combustion and gasification atmospheres. This can be also contributed to the formation of low-melting-point eutectics, decreasing the sintering temperature. Moreover, the fluxing minerals, such as magnetite, anhydrite, muscovite, albite and nepheline, contribute mostly to the reduction of the sintering temperature while the feldspar minerals, such as anorthite, gehlenite and sanidine, can react with other minerals to produce low-melting-point eutectics, and thereby reduce the sintering temperatures.展开更多
Objective： To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis p...Objective： To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis products dried at different heating temperatures and explore the critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature for the process of calamine with Huanglian Decoction（HLD, 黄连汤） and San Huang Decoction（SHD, 三黄汤）. Methods： Pyrolysis products were prepared by programmable and constantly heating the calcined and processed calamine to or at different heating temperatures. Thermogravimetry（TG） was used to test their pyrolysis characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive spectrometer were used to determine their morphology, functional groups and element contents. Page model was used to investigate the constant drying kinetics of processed calamine. Results： The adding of HLD or SHD to calcined calamine（CC） can slow its weight loss in drying pyrolysis process. The temperature ranges where HLD and SHD can affect its weight loss were 65–150 ℃ and 74–180 ℃, respectively. The drying temperature was optimized as 90 ℃. The drying kinetic for the processed calamine fits Page model shows good linearity. Conclusions： The critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature where HLD and SHD can affect the weight loss rate in the process of calamine were explored using the theories and methods of both biophysical chemistry and processing of Chinese materia medica. This work provides a good example for the study of the process of other Chinese medicines using modern analytical techniques.展开更多
The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and t...The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.展开更多
以浙春3号为实验材料,利用透射电镜(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)-X-射线能谱(EDS:Energy Dispersive X-ray),调查铝胁迫下大豆根尖铝的微区分布及耐铝性。结果表明,Al3+胁迫导致根尖细胞细胞壁不规则加厚,线粒体数量增多,核...以浙春3号为实验材料,利用透射电镜(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)-X-射线能谱(EDS:Energy Dispersive X-ray),调查铝胁迫下大豆根尖铝的微区分布及耐铝性。结果表明,Al3+胁迫导致根尖细胞细胞壁不规则加厚,线粒体数量增多,核膜膨胀,液泡中存在较多的电子致密沉淀物。90mgL-1Al3+处理的根尖细胞内含物完全降解消失,仅剩细胞壁。10mgL-1Al3+处理的线粒体、细胞壁和液泡电子致密沉淀物中均检测到Al;随着Al3+处理浓度的增大,各细胞器中Al的质量和原子数百分比逐渐增大。线粒体在60mgL-1和90mgL-1Al3+处理下,液泡电子致密沉淀物在90mgL-1Al3+处理下,均未被检测出Al。在60mgL-1Al3+处理下唯一一次在细胞核中检测到Al。Al3+抑制了根系生长,根系细胞中细胞壁的Al3+含量受影响最明显。P/Al在细胞壁和线粒体中的相对原子数随Al3+浓度的增大而下降。研究结果表明X-射线能谱对铝在亚显微结构上的定位是一种快速、有效的方法。铝最先积累在细胞壁上,随Al3+处理浓度增大逐渐积累于部分细胞器和细胞核中,且含量在细胞中的分布亦由外向里呈递减趋势。展开更多
基金Project (No. 2011DFA72730-202) supported by the Research Project of US-China Clean Energy Research Center
文摘To determine the ash characteristics during fluidized bed combustion and gasification purposes, the investigation of the impacts of chemical composition of Jincheng coal ash on the sintering temperature was conducted. A series of experiments on the sintering behavior at 0.5 MPa was performed using the pressurized pressure-drop technique in the combustion and gasification atmospheres. Meanwhile, the mineral transformations of sintered ash pellets were observed using X-ray diffractometer （XRD） analyzer to better understand the experimental results. In addition, quantitative XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （FE-SEM/EDS） analyses of ash samples were used for clarifying the detailed ash melting mechanism. These results show that the addition of Fe203 can obviously reduce the sintering temperatures under gasification atmospheres, and only affect a little the sintering temperature under combustion atmosphere. This may be due to the presence of iron-bearing minerals, which will react with other ash compositions to produce low-melting-point eutectics. The FE-SEM/EDS analyses of ash samples with Fe203 additive show consistent results with the XRD measurements. The CaO and Na20 can reduce the sintering temperatures under both the combustion and gasification atmospheres. This can be also contributed to the formation of low-melting-point eutectics, decreasing the sintering temperature. Moreover, the fluxing minerals, such as magnetite, anhydrite, muscovite, albite and nepheline, contribute mostly to the reduction of the sintering temperature while the feldspar minerals, such as anorthite, gehlenite and sanidine, can react with other minerals to produce low-melting-point eutectics, and thereby reduce the sintering temperatures.
基金Supported by the the Key Technology Research for TCM Modernization of Shanxi Province"Zhendong"Special Project(No.2014ZD0302)
文摘Objective： To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis products dried at different heating temperatures and explore the critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature for the process of calamine with Huanglian Decoction（HLD, 黄连汤） and San Huang Decoction（SHD, 三黄汤）. Methods： Pyrolysis products were prepared by programmable and constantly heating the calcined and processed calamine to or at different heating temperatures. Thermogravimetry（TG） was used to test their pyrolysis characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive spectrometer were used to determine their morphology, functional groups and element contents. Page model was used to investigate the constant drying kinetics of processed calamine. Results： The adding of HLD or SHD to calcined calamine（CC） can slow its weight loss in drying pyrolysis process. The temperature ranges where HLD and SHD can affect its weight loss were 65–150 ℃ and 74–180 ℃, respectively. The drying temperature was optimized as 90 ℃. The drying kinetic for the processed calamine fits Page model shows good linearity. Conclusions： The critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature where HLD and SHD can affect the weight loss rate in the process of calamine were explored using the theories and methods of both biophysical chemistry and processing of Chinese materia medica. This work provides a good example for the study of the process of other Chinese medicines using modern analytical techniques.
文摘The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.
文摘以浙春3号为实验材料,利用透射电镜(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)-X-射线能谱(EDS:Energy Dispersive X-ray),调查铝胁迫下大豆根尖铝的微区分布及耐铝性。结果表明,Al3+胁迫导致根尖细胞细胞壁不规则加厚,线粒体数量增多,核膜膨胀,液泡中存在较多的电子致密沉淀物。90mgL-1Al3+处理的根尖细胞内含物完全降解消失,仅剩细胞壁。10mgL-1Al3+处理的线粒体、细胞壁和液泡电子致密沉淀物中均检测到Al;随着Al3+处理浓度的增大,各细胞器中Al的质量和原子数百分比逐渐增大。线粒体在60mgL-1和90mgL-1Al3+处理下,液泡电子致密沉淀物在90mgL-1Al3+处理下,均未被检测出Al。在60mgL-1Al3+处理下唯一一次在细胞核中检测到Al。Al3+抑制了根系生长,根系细胞中细胞壁的Al3+含量受影响最明显。P/Al在细胞壁和线粒体中的相对原子数随Al3+浓度的增大而下降。研究结果表明X-射线能谱对铝在亚显微结构上的定位是一种快速、有效的方法。铝最先积累在细胞壁上,随Al3+处理浓度增大逐渐积累于部分细胞器和细胞核中,且含量在细胞中的分布亦由外向里呈递减趋势。
