Plastic pollution has been a legacy environment problems and more recently,the plastic particles,especially those ultrafine or small plastics particles,are widely recognized with increasing environmental and ecologica...Plastic pollution has been a legacy environment problems and more recently,the plastic particles,especially those ultrafine or small plastics particles,are widely recognized with increasing environmental and ecological impacts.Among small plastics,microplastics are intensively studied,whereas the physicochemical properties,environmental abundance,chemical states,bioavailability and toxicity toward organisms of nanoplastics are inadequately investigated.There are substantial difficulties in separation,visualization and chemical identification of nanoplastics due to their small sizes,relatively low concentrations and interferences from coexisting substances(e.g.,dyes or natural organic matters).Moreover,detection of polymers at nanoscale is largely hampered by the detection limit or sensitivity for existing spectral techniques such as Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)or Raman Spectroscopy.This article critically examined the current state of art techniques that are exclusively reported for nanoplastic characterization in environmental samples.Based on their operation principles,potential applications and limitations of these analytical techniques are carefully analyzed.展开更多
针对我国陆域水体系统表层水微塑料(MPs)生态风险问题,通过Science Direct和Web of Science等网站查询关键词microplastics、urban和river等获取相关文献及数据,从2017~2021年的研究,覆盖15个省份33个水体,并基于MPs丰度、聚合物占比和...针对我国陆域水体系统表层水微塑料(MPs)生态风险问题,通过Science Direct和Web of Science等网站查询关键词microplastics、urban和river等获取相关文献及数据,从2017~2021年的研究,覆盖15个省份33个水体,并基于MPs丰度、聚合物占比和化学危害数据构建了生态风险表征比率(RCR)的评价方法.结果表明,我国自然水体的MPs丰度平均值为(3604.2±5926.4) n ·m^(-3),城市水体中MPs丰度平均值为(7722.6±9505.7) n ·m^(-3);相应的,自然水体的RCR平均值为22.09±45.2,城市水体RCR平均值为15.67±34.8.因此,根据RCR的值将生态风险程度划分为4个等级.其中,无显著风险(≤1)有17个,占42.5%;低生态风险(1~10)有12个,占30%、中生态风险(10~100)有9个,占22.5%;高生态风险(>100)有2个,占5%.数据分析显示,自然水体的MPs丰度与RCR值(R^(2)=0.875,P<0.01)存在显著的相关性,但在城市水体的MPs丰度与RCR值间不存在显著的相关性.这表明MPs的丰度高并不能说明该地区的生态风险程度高.此外,各地的RCR值与流域面积呈正相关(R^(2)=0.864,P<0.01),同时,MPs丰度与GDP (R^(2)=0.679,P<0.05)、流域常住人口(R^(2)=0.922,P<0.05)呈显著相关性.这项研究为评估MPs的生态风险提供了基线数据,是陆域水体系统表层水MPs生态风险评价的重要方式.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute(NJWRRI)Grant(USA)(Project Number:2018NJ399B).
文摘Plastic pollution has been a legacy environment problems and more recently,the plastic particles,especially those ultrafine or small plastics particles,are widely recognized with increasing environmental and ecological impacts.Among small plastics,microplastics are intensively studied,whereas the physicochemical properties,environmental abundance,chemical states,bioavailability and toxicity toward organisms of nanoplastics are inadequately investigated.There are substantial difficulties in separation,visualization and chemical identification of nanoplastics due to their small sizes,relatively low concentrations and interferences from coexisting substances(e.g.,dyes or natural organic matters).Moreover,detection of polymers at nanoscale is largely hampered by the detection limit or sensitivity for existing spectral techniques such as Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)or Raman Spectroscopy.This article critically examined the current state of art techniques that are exclusively reported for nanoplastic characterization in environmental samples.Based on their operation principles,potential applications and limitations of these analytical techniques are carefully analyzed.
文摘针对我国陆域水体系统表层水微塑料(MPs)生态风险问题,通过Science Direct和Web of Science等网站查询关键词microplastics、urban和river等获取相关文献及数据,从2017~2021年的研究,覆盖15个省份33个水体,并基于MPs丰度、聚合物占比和化学危害数据构建了生态风险表征比率(RCR)的评价方法.结果表明,我国自然水体的MPs丰度平均值为(3604.2±5926.4) n ·m^(-3),城市水体中MPs丰度平均值为(7722.6±9505.7) n ·m^(-3);相应的,自然水体的RCR平均值为22.09±45.2,城市水体RCR平均值为15.67±34.8.因此,根据RCR的值将生态风险程度划分为4个等级.其中,无显著风险(≤1)有17个,占42.5%;低生态风险(1~10)有12个,占30%、中生态风险(10~100)有9个,占22.5%;高生态风险(>100)有2个,占5%.数据分析显示,自然水体的MPs丰度与RCR值(R^(2)=0.875,P<0.01)存在显著的相关性,但在城市水体的MPs丰度与RCR值间不存在显著的相关性.这表明MPs的丰度高并不能说明该地区的生态风险程度高.此外,各地的RCR值与流域面积呈正相关(R^(2)=0.864,P<0.01),同时,MPs丰度与GDP (R^(2)=0.679,P<0.05)、流域常住人口(R^(2)=0.922,P<0.05)呈显著相关性.这项研究为评估MPs的生态风险提供了基线数据,是陆域水体系统表层水MPs生态风险评价的重要方式.
