【目的】探讨稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量施用对作物籽粒产量与营养品质的影响,为巢湖流域稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量增效,作物优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2017—2019年在巢湖流域进行磷肥减量施用田间试验,设置5个处理:对照(CK,不施磷)...【目的】探讨稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量施用对作物籽粒产量与营养品质的影响,为巢湖流域稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量增效,作物优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2017—2019年在巢湖流域进行磷肥减量施用田间试验,设置5个处理:对照(CK,不施磷)、农户模式(P1,磷用量90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷10%(P2,磷用量81 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷20%(P3,磷用量72 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷30%(P4,磷用量63 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))。分析磷肥减量施用对水稻和小麦产量及其构成要素,籽粒蛋白质及组分含量,微量元素及其生物有效性的影响。【结果】与不施磷相比,施磷水稻和小麦的籽粒产量分别显著提高了9.8%—28.3%和56.6%—89.7%。减磷10%和20%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒产量与农户模式无显著差异(P>0.05),但减磷30%处理的水稻产量显著降低14.4%。与农户模式相比,减磷处理显著影响作物蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,对结构蛋白(清蛋白+球蛋白)无显著影响,减磷20%处理水稻籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量降低2.7%和32.3%,减磷30%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量分别降低6.8%和21.9%、48.4%和31.6%。与不施磷相比,施磷同样显著影响水稻和小麦籽粒微量元素含量及其生物有效性。减磷处理较农户模式水稻和小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn含量提高21.2%和19.3%、11.9%和15.8%、14.5%和19.9%;P/Fe、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比降低21.6%和26.3%、20.6%和27%、17.7%和21.3%。水稻和小麦籽粒Zn含量随施磷量的降低而线性增加,减磷处理间的作物籽粒Fe、Mn和Cu含量无显著差异。水稻籽粒P/Zn摩尔比随施磷量的降低而降低,减磷处理间籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn和P/Cu摩尔比无显著差异;小麦籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比均随施磷量的降低而降低,提高了小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn的生物有效性。【结论】在巢湖流域稻麦轮作区,磷肥减量20%,即磷肥用量由90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-展开更多
Identification of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present st...Identification of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC2F3 mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.展开更多
A research work was conducted to investigate the variations in concentration and distribution of health-related elements affected by environmental and genotypic differences in rice grains. The grain of Xieqingzao B （...A research work was conducted to investigate the variations in concentration and distribution of health-related elements affected by environmental and genotypic differences in rice grains. The grain of Xieqingzao B （indica rice variety） and Xiushui 110 （japonica rice variety） were divided into： hull, bran and milled rice, based on the conventional rice consumption and process. Xieqingzao B was grown at four different locations, and at one location, it was planted in the same field and season as Xiushui 110. In addition, another four indica and four japonica varieties were cultivated in the same field and time to analyze the elements in milled rice. The average concentrations of total P and phytic acid P were the highest in the bran, followed by milled rice and hull; Zn, K, Mg, and As concentrations were the highest in bran, followed by hull and milled rice, while Fe, Ca, and Cu concentrations were the highest in the hull, but similar in bran and milled rice. The result indicated that genotype and environment significantly affected the concentrations of all the tested elements, while the distribution of the above elements in grains was not in the same order as concentration. Moreover, all the elements except 97,7% of Cu and 93.2% of Fe was deposited in the hull on average, were mostly distributed either in the bran （37.3% and 57.7% for K and phytic acid P） or in milled rice （41.7%, 42.6%, 40.3%, 49.8% for Zn, Mg, As, total P, respectively）.展开更多
Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the edible portions of...Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the edible portions of crops is an effective resolution to address this issue. To determine the genetic factors controlling micronutrient concentration in wheat, the quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis for iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium concentrations in two recombinant inbred line populations was performed. In all, 39 QTLs for ifve micronutrient concentrations were identiifed in this study. Of these, 22 alleles from synthetic wheat SHW-L1 and seven alleles from the progeny line of the synthetic wheat Chuanmai 42 showed an increase in micronutrient concentrations. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2A, 3D, 4D, and 5B found in both the populations showed signiifcant phenotypic variation for 2-3 micronutrient concentrations. Our results might help understand the genetic control of micronutrient concentration and allow the utilization of genetic resources of synthetic hexaploid wheat for improving micronutrient efifciency of cultivated wheat by using molecular marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in agricultural soils to meet the growing demands of crops is a matter of great concern worldwide.The use of biosurfactant,a multifunctional microbial metabolite,to enhance nutrie...Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in agricultural soils to meet the growing demands of crops is a matter of great concern worldwide.The use of biosurfactant,a multifunctional microbial metabolite,to enhance nutrient availability may be a sustainable way of enhancing agricultural productivity.Biosurfactants are generally less toxic than synthetic surfactants.The application of biosurfactants in agricultural soils is anticipated to improve nutrient status,increase wettability,and achieve a more even dissemination of complex nutrients.Numerous studies have evaluated the influence of biosurfactants on bioremediation,antimicrobial activity,and soil flushing efficiency.This manuscript reviews the possibility of employing biosurfactants to mobilize and solubilize soil nutrients and make them available to plants through the formation of metal-biosurfactant complexes.Although significant progress regarding an explanation of the mechanisms behind many biosurfactant-induced effects has been made,there are still many aspects of this area that are not sufficiently elucidated,such as differences in specificity for nutrients(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Mn,and Zn)and toxins(e.g.,Cd and Pb).Biosurfactants from various isolates have been considered for their potential role in plant growth promotion and other applications related to improving the effectiveness of agricultural soils.展开更多
文摘【目的】探讨稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量施用对作物籽粒产量与营养品质的影响,为巢湖流域稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量增效,作物优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2017—2019年在巢湖流域进行磷肥减量施用田间试验,设置5个处理:对照(CK,不施磷)、农户模式(P1,磷用量90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷10%(P2,磷用量81 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷20%(P3,磷用量72 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷30%(P4,磷用量63 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))。分析磷肥减量施用对水稻和小麦产量及其构成要素,籽粒蛋白质及组分含量,微量元素及其生物有效性的影响。【结果】与不施磷相比,施磷水稻和小麦的籽粒产量分别显著提高了9.8%—28.3%和56.6%—89.7%。减磷10%和20%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒产量与农户模式无显著差异(P>0.05),但减磷30%处理的水稻产量显著降低14.4%。与农户模式相比,减磷处理显著影响作物蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,对结构蛋白(清蛋白+球蛋白)无显著影响,减磷20%处理水稻籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量降低2.7%和32.3%,减磷30%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量分别降低6.8%和21.9%、48.4%和31.6%。与不施磷相比,施磷同样显著影响水稻和小麦籽粒微量元素含量及其生物有效性。减磷处理较农户模式水稻和小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn含量提高21.2%和19.3%、11.9%和15.8%、14.5%和19.9%;P/Fe、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比降低21.6%和26.3%、20.6%和27%、17.7%和21.3%。水稻和小麦籽粒Zn含量随施磷量的降低而线性增加,减磷处理间的作物籽粒Fe、Mn和Cu含量无显著差异。水稻籽粒P/Zn摩尔比随施磷量的降低而降低,减磷处理间籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn和P/Cu摩尔比无显著差异;小麦籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比均随施磷量的降低而降低,提高了小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn的生物有效性。【结论】在巢湖流域稻麦轮作区,磷肥减量20%,即磷肥用量由90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-
基金financially supported by Network Project on Transgenics and Functional Genomics of Crops-Project 3019 of the Indian Council for Agricultural Research,India(NPTC/FG/05/2672/33)
文摘Identification of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC2F3 mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.
文摘A research work was conducted to investigate the variations in concentration and distribution of health-related elements affected by environmental and genotypic differences in rice grains. The grain of Xieqingzao B （indica rice variety） and Xiushui 110 （japonica rice variety） were divided into： hull, bran and milled rice, based on the conventional rice consumption and process. Xieqingzao B was grown at four different locations, and at one location, it was planted in the same field and season as Xiushui 110. In addition, another four indica and four japonica varieties were cultivated in the same field and time to analyze the elements in milled rice. The average concentrations of total P and phytic acid P were the highest in the bran, followed by milled rice and hull; Zn, K, Mg, and As concentrations were the highest in bran, followed by hull and milled rice, while Fe, Ca, and Cu concentrations were the highest in the hull, but similar in bran and milled rice. The result indicated that genotype and environment significantly affected the concentrations of all the tested elements, while the distribution of the above elements in grains was not in the same order as concentration. Moreover, all the elements except 97,7% of Cu and 93.2% of Fe was deposited in the hull on average, were mostly distributed either in the bran （37.3% and 57.7% for K and phytic acid P） or in milled rice （41.7%, 42.6%, 40.3%, 49.8% for Zn, Mg, As, total P, respectively）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301318, 31230053 and 31171556)the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100100)
文摘Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the edible portions of crops is an effective resolution to address this issue. To determine the genetic factors controlling micronutrient concentration in wheat, the quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis for iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium concentrations in two recombinant inbred line populations was performed. In all, 39 QTLs for ifve micronutrient concentrations were identiifed in this study. Of these, 22 alleles from synthetic wheat SHW-L1 and seven alleles from the progeny line of the synthetic wheat Chuanmai 42 showed an increase in micronutrient concentrations. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2A, 3D, 4D, and 5B found in both the populations showed signiifcant phenotypic variation for 2-3 micronutrient concentrations. Our results might help understand the genetic control of micronutrient concentration and allow the utilization of genetic resources of synthetic hexaploid wheat for improving micronutrient efifciency of cultivated wheat by using molecular marker-assisted selection.
基金the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), India, for granting a fellowship (No. RGNF2012-13DGEN-UTT-56466)
文摘Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in agricultural soils to meet the growing demands of crops is a matter of great concern worldwide.The use of biosurfactant,a multifunctional microbial metabolite,to enhance nutrient availability may be a sustainable way of enhancing agricultural productivity.Biosurfactants are generally less toxic than synthetic surfactants.The application of biosurfactants in agricultural soils is anticipated to improve nutrient status,increase wettability,and achieve a more even dissemination of complex nutrients.Numerous studies have evaluated the influence of biosurfactants on bioremediation,antimicrobial activity,and soil flushing efficiency.This manuscript reviews the possibility of employing biosurfactants to mobilize and solubilize soil nutrients and make them available to plants through the formation of metal-biosurfactant complexes.Although significant progress regarding an explanation of the mechanisms behind many biosurfactant-induced effects has been made,there are still many aspects of this area that are not sufficiently elucidated,such as differences in specificity for nutrients(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Mn,and Zn)and toxins(e.g.,Cd and Pb).Biosurfactants from various isolates have been considered for their potential role in plant growth promotion and other applications related to improving the effectiveness of agricultural soils.
