Gas-liquid microreaction technology has shown great potential in a variety of industrial relevant mass transfer operations and reactions. This paper outlines the current research status of this technology with emphasi...Gas-liquid microreaction technology has shown great potential in a variety of industrial relevant mass transfer operations and reactions. This paper outlines the current research status of this technology with emphasis on reactor design, hydrodynamics and mass transfer phenomena as well as reaction applications. The future challenges of this important technology are also summarized.展开更多
The gas-kinetic unified algorithm using Boltzmann model equation have been extended and developed to solve the micro-scale gas flows in Poiseuille-like micro-channels from Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). The ...The gas-kinetic unified algorithm using Boltzmann model equation have been extended and developed to solve the micro-scale gas flows in Poiseuille-like micro-channels from Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). The numerical modeling of the gas kinetic boundary conditions suitable for micro-scale gas flows is presented. To test the present method, the classical Couette flows with various Knudsen numbers, the gas flows from short microchannels like plane Poiseuille and the pressure-driven gas flows in two-dimensional short microchannels have been simulated and compared with the approximate solutions of the Boltzmann equation, the related DSMC results, the modified N-S solutions with slip-flow boundary theory, the gas-kinetic BGK-Burnett solutions and the experimental data. The comparisons show that the present gas-kinetic numerical algorithm using the mesoscopic Boltzmann simplified velocity distribution function equation can effectively simulate and reveal the gas flows in microchannels. The numerical experience indicates that this method may be a powerful tool in the numerical simulation of micro-scale gas flows from MEMS.展开更多
许多微流体系统涉及到存在残余液体的微管道中由表面张力驱动的注入流动问题。该文利用非定常N av ier-S tokes方程,采用VOF模型追踪运动界面,以CSF模型考虑表面张力的影响,使用有限体积法对存在不同形态残余液体的微管道中不可压缩流...许多微流体系统涉及到存在残余液体的微管道中由表面张力驱动的注入流动问题。该文利用非定常N av ier-S tokes方程,采用VOF模型追踪运动界面,以CSF模型考虑表面张力的影响,使用有限体积法对存在不同形态残余液体的微管道中不可压缩流体的表面张力驱动的注入流动进行了数值模拟。结果表明,与不含残余液体的情况相比,管道内存在附着于管壁的液滴时,入口流量下降,但液体的注入效率反而略有提高;而管道内存在封闭液柱时,入口流量明显降低,而且会在管道中形成随液体一同运动的气泡,不利于液体注入。这些结论对于相关微流体系统的设计具有借鉴意义。展开更多
The conventional straight microchannel heat sinks have been reported to inadequately remove the increasing power density of electronics.In recent years,an effective heat transfer enhancement method,flow disruptions ha...The conventional straight microchannel heat sinks have been reported to inadequately remove the increasing power density of electronics.In recent years,an effective heat transfer enhancement method,flow disruptions have attracted the attention of researchers,where interrupted structures are arranged in the microchannel to enhance flow mixing and heat transfer.However,previous numerical studies of interrupted microchannel heat sinks(I MCHS)mainly focus on single-phase flow condition,and the characteristics of the boiling heat transfer of I MCHS in two-phase flow condition have been rarely explored.Thus,the flow and heat transfer characteristics of two I MCHS based on rectangular microchannel heat sink(R MCHS)are investigated by modeling both single-phase and two-phase flow conditions.These two interrupts consist of a combination of cavities and ribs,namely elliptical cavities and elliptical side ribs(EC-ESR),and elliptical cavities and elliptical central ribs(EC-ECR).The results show that for single-phase flow condition,the maximum Nusselt number is increased by 187%in the EC-ESR design and150%in the EC-ECR design compared with the R MCHS.For subcooled boiling(i.e.,two-phase flow)condition,the EC-ECR design is a promising structure to enhance boiling heat transfer with 6.7 K reduction of average wall temperature and 29%increment of local heat transfer coefficient when compared with those of R MCHS.However,the local heat transfer coefficient in the EC-ESR design is decreased by 22%compared with the R MCHS due to the formation of a rare flow pattern(i.e.,inverted annular flow with vapor film separation)in the microchannel.This flow pattern can induce departure from nucleate boiling(DNB),thereby deteriorating the heat transfer on the channel walls.展开更多
Gas–liquid flow in serpentine microchannel with different surface properties exhibits drastically different flow behavior. With water and air as working fluids, the method of numerical simulation was adopted in this ...Gas–liquid flow in serpentine microchannel with different surface properties exhibits drastically different flow behavior. With water and air as working fluids, the method of numerical simulation was adopted in this paper based on CLSVOF(coupled level set and volume of fluid method) multiphase model. After verifying the reasonability of the model through experiment, by changing wall properties and Re number(Re<1500), the influences of contact angle and surface roughness on flow regime and Po number were discussed. Moreover, the difference of pressure drop between curve and straight microchannel was also calculated. Beyond that, the combined effect of curve channel and wall properties on flow resistance was analyzed. This paper finds that wall properties have great influence on gas–liquid flow in microchannels not only on flow regime but also flow characteristics. Meanwhile, the pressure drop in curve microchannels is larger than straight. It is more beneficial for fluid flowing when the straight part of microchannel is hydrophilic smooth wall and curve part is hydrophobic with large roughness.展开更多
Erlotinib is an orally administered, highly effective, specific epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. The traditional synthetic met...Erlotinib is an orally administered, highly effective, specific epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. The traditional synthetic methods for Erlotinib exhibit long reaction time and safety concern. Herein, we describe a novel five-step route for the synthesis of Erlotinib in flow. These five steps comprise etherification, nitration, reduction,addition and cyclization reactions. All steps were optimized and converted to continuous flow process,which drastically reduces the reaction time and considerably improves the process safety as well as the total yield. Enabled by five continuous flow units, Erlotinib is efficiently afforded with an E-factor of 38,an overall yield of 83%, and a total residence time of 25.1 min. Majority steps in this process have been optimized for quantitative conversion, which offers the possibility of telescoping the entire process.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20490208, 20676129）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2006AA05Z233, 2007AA030206）.
文摘Gas-liquid microreaction technology has shown great potential in a variety of industrial relevant mass transfer operations and reactions. This paper outlines the current research status of this technology with emphasis on reactor design, hydrodynamics and mass transfer phenomena as well as reaction applications. The future challenges of this important technology are also summarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.90205009 and 10321002)Tsinghua University Basic Research Fund(Grant No.JC2003033)
文摘The gas-kinetic unified algorithm using Boltzmann model equation have been extended and developed to solve the micro-scale gas flows in Poiseuille-like micro-channels from Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). The numerical modeling of the gas kinetic boundary conditions suitable for micro-scale gas flows is presented. To test the present method, the classical Couette flows with various Knudsen numbers, the gas flows from short microchannels like plane Poiseuille and the pressure-driven gas flows in two-dimensional short microchannels have been simulated and compared with the approximate solutions of the Boltzmann equation, the related DSMC results, the modified N-S solutions with slip-flow boundary theory, the gas-kinetic BGK-Burnett solutions and the experimental data. The comparisons show that the present gas-kinetic numerical algorithm using the mesoscopic Boltzmann simplified velocity distribution function equation can effectively simulate and reveal the gas flows in microchannels. The numerical experience indicates that this method may be a powerful tool in the numerical simulation of micro-scale gas flows from MEMS.
文摘许多微流体系统涉及到存在残余液体的微管道中由表面张力驱动的注入流动问题。该文利用非定常N av ier-S tokes方程,采用VOF模型追踪运动界面,以CSF模型考虑表面张力的影响,使用有限体积法对存在不同形态残余液体的微管道中不可压缩流体的表面张力驱动的注入流动进行了数值模拟。结果表明,与不含残余液体的情况相比,管道内存在附着于管壁的液滴时,入口流量下降,但液体的注入效率反而略有提高;而管道内存在封闭液柱时,入口流量明显降低,而且会在管道中形成随液体一同运动的气泡,不利于液体注入。这些结论对于相关微流体系统的设计具有借鉴意义。
基金supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program(Grant No.2018YFE0312300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51706100)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20180477)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30918011205)。
文摘The conventional straight microchannel heat sinks have been reported to inadequately remove the increasing power density of electronics.In recent years,an effective heat transfer enhancement method,flow disruptions have attracted the attention of researchers,where interrupted structures are arranged in the microchannel to enhance flow mixing and heat transfer.However,previous numerical studies of interrupted microchannel heat sinks(I MCHS)mainly focus on single-phase flow condition,and the characteristics of the boiling heat transfer of I MCHS in two-phase flow condition have been rarely explored.Thus,the flow and heat transfer characteristics of two I MCHS based on rectangular microchannel heat sink(R MCHS)are investigated by modeling both single-phase and two-phase flow conditions.These two interrupts consist of a combination of cavities and ribs,namely elliptical cavities and elliptical side ribs(EC-ESR),and elliptical cavities and elliptical central ribs(EC-ECR).The results show that for single-phase flow condition,the maximum Nusselt number is increased by 187%in the EC-ESR design and150%in the EC-ECR design compared with the R MCHS.For subcooled boiling(i.e.,two-phase flow)condition,the EC-ECR design is a promising structure to enhance boiling heat transfer with 6.7 K reduction of average wall temperature and 29%increment of local heat transfer coefficient when compared with those of R MCHS.However,the local heat transfer coefficient in the EC-ESR design is decreased by 22%compared with the R MCHS due to the formation of a rare flow pattern(i.e.,inverted annular flow with vapor film separation)in the microchannel.This flow pattern can induce departure from nucleate boiling(DNB),thereby deteriorating the heat transfer on the channel walls.
文摘Gas–liquid flow in serpentine microchannel with different surface properties exhibits drastically different flow behavior. With water and air as working fluids, the method of numerical simulation was adopted in this paper based on CLSVOF(coupled level set and volume of fluid method) multiphase model. After verifying the reasonability of the model through experiment, by changing wall properties and Re number(Re<1500), the influences of contact angle and surface roughness on flow regime and Po number were discussed. Moreover, the difference of pressure drop between curve and straight microchannel was also calculated. Beyond that, the combined effect of curve channel and wall properties on flow resistance was analyzed. This paper finds that wall properties have great influence on gas–liquid flow in microchannels not only on flow regime but also flow characteristics. Meanwhile, the pressure drop in curve microchannels is larger than straight. It is more beneficial for fluid flowing when the straight part of microchannel is hydrophilic smooth wall and curve part is hydrophobic with large roughness.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878088, 21476077)Key Projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (No.18DZ1112703) for financial support。
文摘Erlotinib is an orally administered, highly effective, specific epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. The traditional synthetic methods for Erlotinib exhibit long reaction time and safety concern. Herein, we describe a novel five-step route for the synthesis of Erlotinib in flow. These five steps comprise etherification, nitration, reduction,addition and cyclization reactions. All steps were optimized and converted to continuous flow process,which drastically reduces the reaction time and considerably improves the process safety as well as the total yield. Enabled by five continuous flow units, Erlotinib is efficiently afforded with an E-factor of 38,an overall yield of 83%, and a total residence time of 25.1 min. Majority steps in this process have been optimized for quantitative conversion, which offers the possibility of telescoping the entire process.
