Many Cenozoic metal deposits have been found during the past decade. Among them, the Fuwan Ag deposit in Guangdong is the largest Ag deposit in China. Besides, the largest Cu deposit of China in Yulong, Tibet, the lar...Many Cenozoic metal deposits have been found during the past decade. Among them, the Fuwan Ag deposit in Guangdong is the largest Ag deposit in China. Besides, the largest Cu deposit of China in Yulong, Tibet, the largest Pb-Zn deposit of China in Jinding, Yunnan, and the largest Au deposit of China in Jinguashi, Taiwan, were also formed in the Cenozoic. Why so many important “present” deposits formed during such a short period of geological history is the key problem. The major reason is that different tectonic settings control different kinds of magmatic activity and mineralization at the same time. In southwestern China, porphyry-type Cu deposits such as Yulong were formed during the early stage of the Himalayan orogeny, sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits such as Jinding were formed within intermontane basins related to deep faults, and carbonatite-related deposits such as the Maoniuping REE deposit and alkalic magmatic rock-related deposits such as the Beiya Au deposit originated from the mantle source. In southeastern China, the Fuwan Ag deposit was related to continental rifting which was triggered by the mantle plume. In Taiwan, the Jinguashi Au deposit was formed during the subduction process of an oceanic plate beneath a continental plate. Besides, the features such as the diversification, inheritance, large size, deep source of metals and fluids of the Cenozoic (Present or Recent) mineralization can be used as a key to the search for past deposits.展开更多
There occur abundant cherts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in southern Tibet. Some of them possess characteristic hydrothermal structures such as layered, laminated, massive and breccia structures. Ratios of Al/...There occur abundant cherts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in southern Tibet. Some of them possess characteristic hydrothermal structures such as layered, laminated, massive and breccia structures. Ratios of Al/（Al＋Fe＋Mn）, Co/Ni, Fe/Ti and TiO2-A1203 demonstrate that their origin is related to hydrothermal sedimentation. The chert formations have close relationship with Sb, Au and poly-metallic mineralization, and the ore-forming fluid show strong correlation with fossil hydrothermal water. There occur abundant cherts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in southern Tibet. Some of them possess characteristic hydrothermal structures such as layered, laminated, massive and breccia structures. Ratios of A1/（AI＋Fe＋Mn）, Co/Ni, Fe/Ti and TiO2-A1203 demonstrate that their origin is related to hydrothermal sedimentation. The chert formations have close relationship with Sb, Au and poly-metallic mineralization, and the ore-forming fluid show strong correlation with fossil hvdrothermal water.展开更多
与花岗质岩浆有关的热液矿床最佳成矿部位是一个具有探索性的课题,它依据的理论是:与花岗岩有关的热液成矿作用是一系列复杂的化学反应过程;它有两个前提:成矿是中—低温化学反应导致成矿元素沉淀的产物;成矿作用不同程度与大气水的加...与花岗质岩浆有关的热液矿床最佳成矿部位是一个具有探索性的课题,它依据的理论是:与花岗岩有关的热液成矿作用是一系列复杂的化学反应过程;它有两个前提:成矿是中—低温化学反应导致成矿元素沉淀的产物;成矿作用不同程度与大气水的加入有关。热液矿床形成于地壳浅部,限定在大气水临界面(critical plane of the meteoric water)和成矿上限临界面(critical plane of the mineralization upper limit)之间。来自深部的含矿热液抵达这个部位,物理化学条件发生了急剧变化,可能引发剧烈的化学反应,中—低温环境和地表水的加入则有利于成矿元素的沉淀,遂使该带成为最有利于成矿的部位。大气水临界面是大气水向下循环的下界,是一个极不规则的界面,主要受地表水供应量、温度、岩性、构造等因素的制约。成矿上限临界面主要受温度和隔档层的制约,尤其隔档层,可能是某些大型和超大型矿床的聚集地。无水不成矿,无地下水不成矿,看来是有道理的。探讨与花岗岩有关的热液金属矿床的最佳成矿部位对于指导深部找矿是有意义的。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the 973 Program underthe State Science and Technology Commissionby the State Planning Commissionthe Ministry of Land and Resources.
文摘Many Cenozoic metal deposits have been found during the past decade. Among them, the Fuwan Ag deposit in Guangdong is the largest Ag deposit in China. Besides, the largest Cu deposit of China in Yulong, Tibet, the largest Pb-Zn deposit of China in Jinding, Yunnan, and the largest Au deposit of China in Jinguashi, Taiwan, were also formed in the Cenozoic. Why so many important “present” deposits formed during such a short period of geological history is the key problem. The major reason is that different tectonic settings control different kinds of magmatic activity and mineralization at the same time. In southwestern China, porphyry-type Cu deposits such as Yulong were formed during the early stage of the Himalayan orogeny, sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits such as Jinding were formed within intermontane basins related to deep faults, and carbonatite-related deposits such as the Maoniuping REE deposit and alkalic magmatic rock-related deposits such as the Beiya Au deposit originated from the mantle source. In southeastern China, the Fuwan Ag deposit was related to continental rifting which was triggered by the mantle plume. In Taiwan, the Jinguashi Au deposit was formed during the subduction process of an oceanic plate beneath a continental plate. Besides, the features such as the diversification, inheritance, large size, deep source of metals and fluids of the Cenozoic (Present or Recent) mineralization can be used as a key to the search for past deposits.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Program(Grant No.2002CB412600-VI)NSFC(Grant No.40073010)the Ph.D.Training Base Fund the National Education Ministry of China(Grant Nos.20040558050,20000099815)
文摘There occur abundant cherts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in southern Tibet. Some of them possess characteristic hydrothermal structures such as layered, laminated, massive and breccia structures. Ratios of Al/（Al＋Fe＋Mn）, Co/Ni, Fe/Ti and TiO2-A1203 demonstrate that their origin is related to hydrothermal sedimentation. The chert formations have close relationship with Sb, Au and poly-metallic mineralization, and the ore-forming fluid show strong correlation with fossil hydrothermal water. There occur abundant cherts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in southern Tibet. Some of them possess characteristic hydrothermal structures such as layered, laminated, massive and breccia structures. Ratios of A1/（AI＋Fe＋Mn）, Co/Ni, Fe/Ti and TiO2-A1203 demonstrate that their origin is related to hydrothermal sedimentation. The chert formations have close relationship with Sb, Au and poly-metallic mineralization, and the ore-forming fluid show strong correlation with fossil hvdrothermal water.
文摘与花岗质岩浆有关的热液矿床最佳成矿部位是一个具有探索性的课题,它依据的理论是:与花岗岩有关的热液成矿作用是一系列复杂的化学反应过程;它有两个前提:成矿是中—低温化学反应导致成矿元素沉淀的产物;成矿作用不同程度与大气水的加入有关。热液矿床形成于地壳浅部,限定在大气水临界面(critical plane of the meteoric water)和成矿上限临界面(critical plane of the mineralization upper limit)之间。来自深部的含矿热液抵达这个部位,物理化学条件发生了急剧变化,可能引发剧烈的化学反应,中—低温环境和地表水的加入则有利于成矿元素的沉淀,遂使该带成为最有利于成矿的部位。大气水临界面是大气水向下循环的下界,是一个极不规则的界面,主要受地表水供应量、温度、岩性、构造等因素的制约。成矿上限临界面主要受温度和隔档层的制约,尤其隔档层,可能是某些大型和超大型矿床的聚集地。无水不成矿,无地下水不成矿,看来是有道理的。探讨与花岗岩有关的热液金属矿床的最佳成矿部位对于指导深部找矿是有意义的。
