To date,much efforts have been devoted to the high-efficiency noble metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen-and oxygen-involving energy conversion reactions,due to their abundance,low cost and nultifunctionally.Surfa...To date,much efforts have been devoted to the high-efficiency noble metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen-and oxygen-involving energy conversion reactions,due to their abundance,low cost and nultifunctionally.Surface/interface engineering is found to be effective in achieving novel physicochemical properties and synergistic effects in nanomaterials for electrocatalysis.Among various engineering strategies,heteroatom-doping has been regarded as a most promising method to improve the electrocatalytic performance via the regulation of electronic structure of catalysts,and numerous works were reported on the synthesis method and mechanism investigation of heteroatom-doping electrocatalysts,though the heteroatom-doping can only provide limited active sites.Engineering of other defects such as vacancies and edge sites and construction of heterostructure have shown to open up a potential avenue for the development of noble metal-free electrocatalysts.In addition,surface functionalization can attach various molecules onto the surface of materials to easily modify their physical or chemical properties,being as a promising complement or substitute for offering materials with catalytic properties.This paper gives the insights into the diverse strategies of surface/interface engineering of the highefficiency noble metal-free electrocatalysts for energy-related electrochemical reactions.The significant advances are summarized.The unique advantages and mechanisms for specific applications are highlighted.The current challenges and outlook of this growing field are also discussed.展开更多
With the rapid development of wearable and intelligent flexible electronic devices(FEDs),the demand for flexible energy storage/conversion devices(ESCDs)has also increased.Rechargeable flexible metal‐air batteries(MA...With the rapid development of wearable and intelligent flexible electronic devices(FEDs),the demand for flexible energy storage/conversion devices(ESCDs)has also increased.Rechargeable flexible metal‐air batteries(MABs)are expected to be one of the most ideal ESCDs due to their high theoretical energy density,cost advantage,and strong deformation adaptability.With the improvement of the device design,material assemblies,and manufacturing technology,the research on the electrochemical performance of flexible MABs has made significant progress.However,achieving the high mechanical flexibility,high safety,and wearable comfortability required by FEDs while maintaining the high performance of flexible MABs are still a daunting challenge.In this review,flexible Zn‐air and Li‐air batteries are mainly exemplified to describe the most recent progress and challenges of flexible MABs.We start with an overview of the structure and configuration of the flexible MABs and discuss their impact on battery performance and function.Then it focuses on the research progress of flexible metal anodes,gel polymer electrolytes,and air cathodes.Finally,the main challenges and future research perspectives involving flexible MABs for FEDs are proposed.展开更多
Although metal-air batteries(MABs)including Mg-air batteries possess high theoretical energy densities and are promising in energy storage systems,the poor performances and high cost of corresponding electrocatalysts ...Although metal-air batteries(MABs)including Mg-air batteries possess high theoretical energy densities and are promising in energy storage systems,the poor performances and high cost of corresponding electrocatalysts and air cathodes significantly limit practical application.Based on this,the present review gives a summary of the recent progress in the development of cost effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts and their associated air cathodes for MABs,with a particular focus on Mg-air batteries including the aspects of corresponding catalyst synthesis and characterization,catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)mechanism,air cathode fabrication and performance validation.The paper also provides an analysis on the issues that challenge the development of advanced electrocatalysts and the associated air cathodes for Mg-air batteries,as well as a discussion of potential research directions that may help resolve these issues and facilitate the practical application of Mg-air batteries.展开更多
This work creates a droplet battery model based on the electrolyte performance in the porous electrode, studies the current density on the mesoscopic scale, and explains how the mesoscopic structure of the porous elec...This work creates a droplet battery model based on the electrolyte performance in the porous electrode, studies the current density on the mesoscopic scale, and explains how the mesoscopic structure of the porous electrode influences the current density on the air-diffusion electrode. Near the three-phase line, there is a strong band containing nearly 80% current. For porous electrodes, the total current is proportional to the length of the strong band. Thus, it can be inferred that on the macroscopic scale, the longer the total length of the strong band on unit area is, the larger the current density is.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019PB013)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(19JCZDJC37700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21421001 and 21875118)。
文摘To date,much efforts have been devoted to the high-efficiency noble metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen-and oxygen-involving energy conversion reactions,due to their abundance,low cost and nultifunctionally.Surface/interface engineering is found to be effective in achieving novel physicochemical properties and synergistic effects in nanomaterials for electrocatalysis.Among various engineering strategies,heteroatom-doping has been regarded as a most promising method to improve the electrocatalytic performance via the regulation of electronic structure of catalysts,and numerous works were reported on the synthesis method and mechanism investigation of heteroatom-doping electrocatalysts,though the heteroatom-doping can only provide limited active sites.Engineering of other defects such as vacancies and edge sites and construction of heterostructure have shown to open up a potential avenue for the development of noble metal-free electrocatalysts.In addition,surface functionalization can attach various molecules onto the surface of materials to easily modify their physical or chemical properties,being as a promising complement or substitute for offering materials with catalytic properties.This paper gives the insights into the diverse strategies of surface/interface engineering of the highefficiency noble metal-free electrocatalysts for energy-related electrochemical reactions.The significant advances are summarized.The unique advantages and mechanisms for specific applications are highlighted.The current challenges and outlook of this growing field are also discussed.
基金supported by the the National Natural This study was financially supported by the National Youth Top‐notch Talent Support Program,the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering Funds(2020C03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971614,32071714,21736003,and 52003083)+2 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Funds(201904010078 and 202002030167)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2019T120725,2019M652882,2019M662924,2020M682711,and 2020M682710)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110705)。
文摘With the rapid development of wearable and intelligent flexible electronic devices(FEDs),the demand for flexible energy storage/conversion devices(ESCDs)has also increased.Rechargeable flexible metal‐air batteries(MABs)are expected to be one of the most ideal ESCDs due to their high theoretical energy density,cost advantage,and strong deformation adaptability.With the improvement of the device design,material assemblies,and manufacturing technology,the research on the electrochemical performance of flexible MABs has made significant progress.However,achieving the high mechanical flexibility,high safety,and wearable comfortability required by FEDs while maintaining the high performance of flexible MABs are still a daunting challenge.In this review,flexible Zn‐air and Li‐air batteries are mainly exemplified to describe the most recent progress and challenges of flexible MABs.We start with an overview of the structure and configuration of the flexible MABs and discuss their impact on battery performance and function.Then it focuses on the research progress of flexible metal anodes,gel polymer electrolytes,and air cathodes.Finally,the main challenges and future research perspectives involving flexible MABs for FEDs are proposed.
文摘Although metal-air batteries(MABs)including Mg-air batteries possess high theoretical energy densities and are promising in energy storage systems,the poor performances and high cost of corresponding electrocatalysts and air cathodes significantly limit practical application.Based on this,the present review gives a summary of the recent progress in the development of cost effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts and their associated air cathodes for MABs,with a particular focus on Mg-air batteries including the aspects of corresponding catalyst synthesis and characterization,catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)mechanism,air cathode fabrication and performance validation.The paper also provides an analysis on the issues that challenge the development of advanced electrocatalysts and the associated air cathodes for Mg-air batteries,as well as a discussion of potential research directions that may help resolve these issues and facilitate the practical application of Mg-air batteries.
文摘This work creates a droplet battery model based on the electrolyte performance in the porous electrode, studies the current density on the mesoscopic scale, and explains how the mesoscopic structure of the porous electrode influences the current density on the air-diffusion electrode. Near the three-phase line, there is a strong band containing nearly 80% current. For porous electrodes, the total current is proportional to the length of the strong band. Thus, it can be inferred that on the macroscopic scale, the longer the total length of the strong band on unit area is, the larger the current density is.
