Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignancies in males worldwide,and its development and progression involve the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways.Alterations in lipid metabolism affect the prolif...Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignancies in males worldwide,and its development and progression involve the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways.Alterations in lipid metabolism affect the proliferation and metastatic capabilities of PCa cells.Cancer cells increase lipid synthesis and regulate fatty acid oxidation to meet their growth and energy demands.Similarly,changes occur in amino acid metabolism in PCa.Cancer cells exhibit an increased demand for specific amino acids,and they regulate amino acid transport and metabolic pathways to fulfill their proliferation and survival requirements.These changes are closely associated with disease progression and treatment response in PCa cells.Therefore,a comprehensive investigation of the metabolic characteristics of PCa is expected to offer novel insights and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.展开更多
This review delves into the detrimental impact of alcohol consumption on internal organs and reproductive health,elucidating the underlying mechanisms involving the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa ligh...This review delves into the detrimental impact of alcohol consumption on internal organs and reproductive health,elucidating the underlying mechanisms involving the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells(NF-kB)pathway and the Cytochrome P4502E1(CYP2E1)/reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathways.The TLR4/NF-kB pathway,crucial for inflammatory and immune responses,triggers the production of pro-inflammatory agents and type-1 interferon,disrupting the balance between inflammatory and antioxidant responses when tissues are chronically exposed to al-cohol.Alcohol-induced dysbiosis in gut microbes heightens gut wall permeability to pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),leading to liver cell infection and subsequent inflammation.Concurrently,CYP2E1-mediated alcohol metabolism gen-erates ROS,causing oxidative stress and damaging cells,lipids,proteins,and deoxy-ribonucleic acid(DNA).To counteract this inflammatory imbalance,Nrf2 regulates gene expression,inhibiting inflammatory progression and promoting antioxidant re-sponses.Excessive alcohol intake results in elevated liver enzymes(ADH,CYP2E1,and catalase),ROS,NADH,acetaldehyde,and acetate,leading to damage in vital organs such as the heart,brain,and lungs.Moreover,alcohol negatively affects reproduc-tive health by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,causing infertility in both men and women.These findings underscore the profound health concerns associated with alcohol-induced damage,emphasizing the need for public awareness regarding the intricate interplay between immune responses and the multi-organ im-pacts of alcohol consumption.展开更多
为了研究低剂量杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion-O-analog,FNT)暴露对大鼠肝细胞(buffalo rat liver cells,BRL)的代谢毒性,并通过作用于体外的一系列指标分析其作用机制,分别对空白对照组和杀螟硫磷暴露组(13.78、27.55、55.10μg·mL-1)暴...为了研究低剂量杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion-O-analog,FNT)暴露对大鼠肝细胞(buffalo rat liver cells,BRL)的代谢毒性,并通过作用于体外的一系列指标分析其作用机制,分别对空白对照组和杀螟硫磷暴露组(13.78、27.55、55.10μg·mL-1)暴露48 h,观察其对BRL内糖代谢、胰岛素敏感和糖原合成信号通路中蛋白表达的影响。实验结果表明,杀螟硫磷暴露能够显著抑制BRL细胞的活力,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为275.5μg·mL-1。杀螟硫磷暴露使超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和乙酰胆碱酯酶AchE活力显著降低(P<0.01),其体内丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量显著增加(P<0.01),引起细胞氧化损伤。杀螟硫磷暴露使其细胞内糖原、胰岛素和葡萄糖激酶含量显著降低(P<0.01),增加胰岛素抵抗。杀螟硫磷暴露显著下调胰岛素敏感信号通路中IRS的表达,抑制IRS的磷酸化,并显著上调AKT和PI3K的表达,显著上调糖原合成信号通路中GSK-3α和GSK-3β的表达。因此,杀螟硫磷暴露使BRL产生糖代谢毒性的机制是通过氧化应激诱发胰岛素抵抗,从而改变糖代谢相关信号通路中蛋白的表达而实现的。展开更多
为探究原料乳在4℃冷藏过程中的脂质变化,从而指导乳及乳制品的后期加工,该研究采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆复合线性离子阱质谱技术分别对冷藏第0、2、3、4、6天的原料乳脂质进行绝对定性定量分析。结果表明,原料乳共检出20种脂质亚...为探究原料乳在4℃冷藏过程中的脂质变化,从而指导乳及乳制品的后期加工,该研究采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆复合线性离子阱质谱技术分别对冷藏第0、2、3、4、6天的原料乳脂质进行绝对定性定量分析。结果表明,原料乳共检出20种脂质亚类、880种脂质分子,其中甘油三脂、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱亚类含量最高;以P值<0.05,变量重要性投影(variable importance projection,VIP)>1为标准共筛选出420种显著性差异脂质代谢物,以P值<0.01,VIP>1为标准共筛选出98种极显著性差异脂质代谢物。整个冷藏过程中,极显著性差异脂质分子含量呈下降趋势,其中第3天与第4天对比组(D3 vs D4)脂质变化最为明显,冷藏3~4 d是原料乳脂质变化的关键阶段。对D3vs D4组的极显著差异脂质进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路分析,10种脂质分子被注释到6条代谢途径中,其中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰基丝氨酸被注释到甘油磷脂代谢及神经酰胺、鞘磷脂被注释到鞘脂代谢是该阶段的主要代谢途径。研究结果为探明原料乳冷藏过程中的脂质变化、划定脂肪水解的关键期提供理论依据,进而为后期乳制品的加工提供数据参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074270)Figures were created using BioRender software(https://biorender.com/last accessed on 17 April 2023).
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignancies in males worldwide,and its development and progression involve the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways.Alterations in lipid metabolism affect the proliferation and metastatic capabilities of PCa cells.Cancer cells increase lipid synthesis and regulate fatty acid oxidation to meet their growth and energy demands.Similarly,changes occur in amino acid metabolism in PCa.Cancer cells exhibit an increased demand for specific amino acids,and they regulate amino acid transport and metabolic pathways to fulfill their proliferation and survival requirements.These changes are closely associated with disease progression and treatment response in PCa cells.Therefore,a comprehensive investigation of the metabolic characteristics of PCa is expected to offer novel insights and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
文摘This review delves into the detrimental impact of alcohol consumption on internal organs and reproductive health,elucidating the underlying mechanisms involving the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells(NF-kB)pathway and the Cytochrome P4502E1(CYP2E1)/reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathways.The TLR4/NF-kB pathway,crucial for inflammatory and immune responses,triggers the production of pro-inflammatory agents and type-1 interferon,disrupting the balance between inflammatory and antioxidant responses when tissues are chronically exposed to al-cohol.Alcohol-induced dysbiosis in gut microbes heightens gut wall permeability to pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),leading to liver cell infection and subsequent inflammation.Concurrently,CYP2E1-mediated alcohol metabolism gen-erates ROS,causing oxidative stress and damaging cells,lipids,proteins,and deoxy-ribonucleic acid(DNA).To counteract this inflammatory imbalance,Nrf2 regulates gene expression,inhibiting inflammatory progression and promoting antioxidant re-sponses.Excessive alcohol intake results in elevated liver enzymes(ADH,CYP2E1,and catalase),ROS,NADH,acetaldehyde,and acetate,leading to damage in vital organs such as the heart,brain,and lungs.Moreover,alcohol negatively affects reproduc-tive health by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,causing infertility in both men and women.These findings underscore the profound health concerns associated with alcohol-induced damage,emphasizing the need for public awareness regarding the intricate interplay between immune responses and the multi-organ im-pacts of alcohol consumption.
文摘为探究原料乳在4℃冷藏过程中的脂质变化,从而指导乳及乳制品的后期加工,该研究采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆复合线性离子阱质谱技术分别对冷藏第0、2、3、4、6天的原料乳脂质进行绝对定性定量分析。结果表明,原料乳共检出20种脂质亚类、880种脂质分子,其中甘油三脂、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱亚类含量最高;以P值<0.05,变量重要性投影(variable importance projection,VIP)>1为标准共筛选出420种显著性差异脂质代谢物,以P值<0.01,VIP>1为标准共筛选出98种极显著性差异脂质代谢物。整个冷藏过程中,极显著性差异脂质分子含量呈下降趋势,其中第3天与第4天对比组(D3 vs D4)脂质变化最为明显,冷藏3~4 d是原料乳脂质变化的关键阶段。对D3vs D4组的极显著差异脂质进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路分析,10种脂质分子被注释到6条代谢途径中,其中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰基丝氨酸被注释到甘油磷脂代谢及神经酰胺、鞘磷脂被注释到鞘脂代谢是该阶段的主要代谢途径。研究结果为探明原料乳冷藏过程中的脂质变化、划定脂肪水解的关键期提供理论依据,进而为后期乳制品的加工提供数据参考。
