As one of the most successful intracellular symbiotic bacteria,Wolbachia can infect many arthropods and nematodes.Wolbachia infection usually affects the reproduction of their hosts to promote their own proliferation ...As one of the most successful intracellular symbiotic bacteria,Wolbachia can infect many arthropods and nematodes.Wolbachia infection usually affects the reproduction of their hosts to promote their own proliferation and transmission.Currently,most of the studies focus on the mechanisms of Wolbachia interactions with host reproduction.However,in addition to distribution in the reproductive tissues,Wolbachia also infect various somatic tissues of their hosts,including the brain.This raises the potential that Wolbachia may influence some somatic processes,such as behaviors in their hosts.Sofar,information about the effects of Wolbachia infection on host behavior is still very limited.The present review presents the current literature on different aspects of the influence of Wolbachia on various behaviors,including sleep,learning and memory,mating,feeding and aggression in their insect hosts.We then highlight ongoing scientific efforts in the field that need addressing to advance this field,which can have significant implications for further developing Wolbachia as environmentally friendly biocontrol agents to control insect-borne diseases and agricultural pests.展开更多
目的:研究天葵子(Semiaquilegia adoxoides,SA)对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用。方法:随机将昆明小鼠分为6组,除正常组外其余各组颈背部皮下注射0.3 m L 500 mg·kg^(-1)D-半乳糖,qd,连续4周诱导衰老样改变;与此同...目的:研究天葵子(Semiaquilegia adoxoides,SA)对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用。方法:随机将昆明小鼠分为6组,除正常组外其余各组颈背部皮下注射0.3 m L 500 mg·kg^(-1)D-半乳糖,qd,连续4周诱导衰老样改变;与此同时,按0.1 m L/10 g进行灌胃(ig)给予天葵子水煎剂600,300和150 mg·kg^(-1),维生素E 100 mg·kg^(-1)(阳性对照组),生理盐水(正常组),qd,连续4周,每周测1次小鼠体重。连续ig给药3周后,检查小鼠行为学指标,水迷宫实验测小鼠记忆能力。第4周后处死测定血清、肝和肾组织中抗氧化酶活性如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)衰老指标。结果:表明模型组小鼠活动次数和后肢站立次数明显减少,潜伏期延长,穿越次数减少。衰老小鼠MDA的含量明显升高,血清、肝脏和肾脏中的SOD,CAT和GSH-Px活性均不同程度降低,与正常小鼠比较有差异(P<0.05);天葵子水煎剂600和300 mg·kg^(-1)均能提高衰老小鼠血清、肝脏和肾脏的SOD,CAT和GSH-Px活性,并降低MDA的含量,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。天葵子水煎剂150 mg·kg^(-1)能提高血清中SOD和CAT,肝组织SOD,肾组织CAT的活力,降低血清和肝组织MDA含量。结论:天葵子改善D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的学习记忆能力,可延缓D-半乳糖诱导的模型小鼠的机体衰老。展开更多
The present study intends to investigate the effect of working memory on listening process and its relationship with listening comprehension.The results indicate that working memory is an effective predictor for EFL l...The present study intends to investigate the effect of working memory on listening process and its relationship with listening comprehension.The results indicate that working memory is an effective predictor for EFL listening comprehension,i.e.learners with larger working memory capacity are more likely to have better abilities in listening comprehension,and that although L1 working memory span is significantly correlated with L2 working memory span,L2 working memory span plays a more effective role in differentiating learners' EFL listening comprehension.Additionally,this study provides some pedagogical implications on EFL teaching.展开更多
This paper investigated high-damping Cu-Al-Be-B cast alloys using metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical resistance measurements for transformation temperatures. The results showed that beryll...This paper investigated high-damping Cu-Al-Be-B cast alloys using metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical resistance measurements for transformation temperatures. The results showed that beryllium can stabilize β phase, resulting in a thermo-elastic martensite microstructure leading to high-damping capacity in cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloys. Trace additions of boron to Cu-Al-Be alloys can significantly refine the grains, providing high strength and ductility to the alloys. A factorial design of experiment method was used to optimize the composition and properties of cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloys. The optimal microstructure for thermo-elastic martensite can be obtained by adjusting the amounts of aluminum and beryllium to eutectoid or pseudo-eutectoid compositions. An optimized cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloy was developed to provide excellent mechanical properties, tensile strength σ_b=767MPa, elongation δ=7.62%, and damping capacity S. D. C=18.70%.展开更多
The activity in sensory cortices and the prefrontal cortex （PFC） throughout the delay interval of working memory （WM） tasks reflect two aspects of WM-quality and quantity, respectively. The delay activity in senso...The activity in sensory cortices and the prefrontal cortex （PFC） throughout the delay interval of working memory （WM） tasks reflect two aspects of WM-quality and quantity, respectively. The delay activity in sensory cortices is fine-tuned to sensory information and forms the neural basis of the precision of WM storage, while the delay activity in the PFC appears to represent behavioral goals and filters out irrelevant distractions, forming the neural basis of the quantity of task-relevant information in WM. The PFC and sensory cortices interact through different frequency bands of neuronal oscillation （theta, alpha, and gamma） to fulfill goal-directed behaviors.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672352)the International Cooperation Projects of Science and Technology of Hubei Province,China(2017AHB050).
文摘As one of the most successful intracellular symbiotic bacteria,Wolbachia can infect many arthropods and nematodes.Wolbachia infection usually affects the reproduction of their hosts to promote their own proliferation and transmission.Currently,most of the studies focus on the mechanisms of Wolbachia interactions with host reproduction.However,in addition to distribution in the reproductive tissues,Wolbachia also infect various somatic tissues of their hosts,including the brain.This raises the potential that Wolbachia may influence some somatic processes,such as behaviors in their hosts.Sofar,information about the effects of Wolbachia infection on host behavior is still very limited.The present review presents the current literature on different aspects of the influence of Wolbachia on various behaviors,including sleep,learning and memory,mating,feeding and aggression in their insect hosts.We then highlight ongoing scientific efforts in the field that need addressing to advance this field,which can have significant implications for further developing Wolbachia as environmentally friendly biocontrol agents to control insect-borne diseases and agricultural pests.
文摘目的:研究天葵子(Semiaquilegia adoxoides,SA)对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用。方法:随机将昆明小鼠分为6组,除正常组外其余各组颈背部皮下注射0.3 m L 500 mg·kg^(-1)D-半乳糖,qd,连续4周诱导衰老样改变;与此同时,按0.1 m L/10 g进行灌胃(ig)给予天葵子水煎剂600,300和150 mg·kg^(-1),维生素E 100 mg·kg^(-1)(阳性对照组),生理盐水(正常组),qd,连续4周,每周测1次小鼠体重。连续ig给药3周后,检查小鼠行为学指标,水迷宫实验测小鼠记忆能力。第4周后处死测定血清、肝和肾组织中抗氧化酶活性如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)衰老指标。结果:表明模型组小鼠活动次数和后肢站立次数明显减少,潜伏期延长,穿越次数减少。衰老小鼠MDA的含量明显升高,血清、肝脏和肾脏中的SOD,CAT和GSH-Px活性均不同程度降低,与正常小鼠比较有差异(P<0.05);天葵子水煎剂600和300 mg·kg^(-1)均能提高衰老小鼠血清、肝脏和肾脏的SOD,CAT和GSH-Px活性,并降低MDA的含量,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。天葵子水煎剂150 mg·kg^(-1)能提高血清中SOD和CAT,肝组织SOD,肾组织CAT的活力,降低血清和肝组织MDA含量。结论:天葵子改善D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的学习记忆能力,可延缓D-半乳糖诱导的模型小鼠的机体衰老。
文摘The present study intends to investigate the effect of working memory on listening process and its relationship with listening comprehension.The results indicate that working memory is an effective predictor for EFL listening comprehension,i.e.learners with larger working memory capacity are more likely to have better abilities in listening comprehension,and that although L1 working memory span is significantly correlated with L2 working memory span,L2 working memory span plays a more effective role in differentiating learners' EFL listening comprehension.Additionally,this study provides some pedagogical implications on EFL teaching.
文摘This paper investigated high-damping Cu-Al-Be-B cast alloys using metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical resistance measurements for transformation temperatures. The results showed that beryllium can stabilize β phase, resulting in a thermo-elastic martensite microstructure leading to high-damping capacity in cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloys. Trace additions of boron to Cu-Al-Be alloys can significantly refine the grains, providing high strength and ductility to the alloys. A factorial design of experiment method was used to optimize the composition and properties of cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloys. The optimal microstructure for thermo-elastic martensite can be obtained by adjusting the amounts of aluminum and beryllium to eutectoid or pseudo-eutectoid compositions. An optimized cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloy was developed to provide excellent mechanical properties, tensile strength σ_b=767MPa, elongation δ=7.62%, and damping capacity S. D. C=18.70%.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (2013CB329501)a Scientific Project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (11140900600)+2 种基金the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (15ZR1410600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100742)funds from the MIND Research Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
文摘The activity in sensory cortices and the prefrontal cortex （PFC） throughout the delay interval of working memory （WM） tasks reflect two aspects of WM-quality and quantity, respectively. The delay activity in sensory cortices is fine-tuned to sensory information and forms the neural basis of the precision of WM storage, while the delay activity in the PFC appears to represent behavioral goals and filters out irrelevant distractions, forming the neural basis of the quantity of task-relevant information in WM. The PFC and sensory cortices interact through different frequency bands of neuronal oscillation （theta, alpha, and gamma） to fulfill goal-directed behaviors.
