Present work investigates the heat transfer and melting behaviour of phase change material(PCM) in six enclosures(enclosure-1 to 6) filled with paraffin wax.Proposed enclosures are equipped with distinct arrangements ...Present work investigates the heat transfer and melting behaviour of phase change material(PCM) in six enclosures(enclosure-1 to 6) filled with paraffin wax.Proposed enclosures are equipped with distinct arrangements of the fins while keeping the fin's surface area equal in each case.Comparative analysis has been presented to recognize the suitable fin arrangements that facilitate improved heat transfer and melting rate of the PCM.Left wall of the enclosure is maintained isothermal for the temperature values 335 K,350 K and 365 K.Dimensionless length of the enclosure including fins is ranging between 0 and 1.Results have been illustrated through the estimation of important performance parameters such as energy absorbing capacity,melting rate,enhancement ratio,and Nusselt number.It has been found that melting time(to melt 100% of the PCM) is 60.5%less in enclosure-2(with two fins of equal length) as compared to the enclosure-1,having no fins.Keeping the fin surface area equal,if the longer fin is placed below the shorter fin(enclosure-3),melting time is further decreased by 14.1% as compared to enclosure-2.However,among all the configurations,enclosure-6 with wire-mesh fin structure exhibits minimum melting time which is 68.4% less as compared to the enclosure-1.Based on the findings,it may be concluded that fins are the main driving agent in the enclosure to transfer the heat from heated wall to the PCM.Proper design and positioning of the fins improve the heat transfer rate followed by melting of the PCM in the entire area of the enclosure.Evolution of the favourable vortices and natural convection current in the enclosure accelerate the melting phenomenon and help to reduce charging time.展开更多
A method was presented for calculating the melting rate of ice crystals in different axial positions in a compressor. The volume of fluid model and enthalpy-porosity model were used to simulate the melting process of ...A method was presented for calculating the melting rate of ice crystals in different axial positions in a compressor. The volume of fluid model and enthalpy-porosity model were used to simulate the melting process of single ice crystal. The result was validated by experimental data from literature. The change of the liquid fraction of the ice crystals with the axial position was obtained when the temperature distribution inside the compressor was introduced into the melting process. The liquid fraction of the spherical ice crystals was fitted with the ice crystal diameter as a variable, and the general distribution function for computing liquid fraction in any axial position in the compressor was obtained. The function of axial position as a variable for non-spherical ice crystal was also got.展开更多
Ca和Sr是铸造铝硅合金中最有效的变质元素,一般在浇铸前以中间合金的形式加入.然而在废杂铝熔铸再生工业中,原料中常含有微量的Ca和Sr,预控它们在熔炼过程中的含量变化是它们再利用的前提.本文以工业A356铸锭为原料,实验研究了熔炼温度...Ca和Sr是铸造铝硅合金中最有效的变质元素,一般在浇铸前以中间合金的形式加入.然而在废杂铝熔铸再生工业中,原料中常含有微量的Ca和Sr,预控它们在熔炼过程中的含量变化是它们再利用的前提.本文以工业A356铸锭为原料,实验研究了熔炼温度和保温时间对Ca和Sr质量分数变化规律的影响.结果表明：Ca和Sr质量分数随着保温时间延长均呈Exp3P2规律下降,且随熔炼温度升高质量分数下降速率均逐渐提高.根据热力学和动力学分析可知,在废杂铝熔炼再生过程前期主要发生[Ca]和[Sr]与熔体中的氧发生氧化反应生成CaO和SrO,这些氧化物又会与Al2O3反应生成Al2O3·6CaO和Al2O3·SrO,经扒渣操作后Ca和Sr质量分数下降.在熔炼中后期,[Ca]和[Sr]以扩散至熔体表层还原Al2O3的方式使它们的质量分数降低.计算得出在660-740℃熔炼A356合金时Ca和Sr氧化反应的表观活化能分别为182.6 k J·mol^（-1）和117.8 k J·mol^（-1）,两者均受化学反应过程控制.根据Ca和Sr质量分数的变化规律建立了它们的质量分数预报模型,经生产验证表明预报误差均小于10%,可用于预报废杂铝熔炼再生过程Ca和Sr的质量分数.展开更多
Dehydration melting experiments were conducted on granulite and Al gneiss, the two most representative rock types of the khondalite series in the northern segment of the Helan Mountain. The critical melting fraction w...Dehydration melting experiments were conducted on granulite and Al gneiss, the two most representative rock types of the khondalite series in the northern segment of the Helan Mountain. The critical melting fraction was determined to be 30% in volume, which is of great significance with respect to the P T t path of metamorphism and granite generation in the region.展开更多
文摘Present work investigates the heat transfer and melting behaviour of phase change material(PCM) in six enclosures(enclosure-1 to 6) filled with paraffin wax.Proposed enclosures are equipped with distinct arrangements of the fins while keeping the fin's surface area equal in each case.Comparative analysis has been presented to recognize the suitable fin arrangements that facilitate improved heat transfer and melting rate of the PCM.Left wall of the enclosure is maintained isothermal for the temperature values 335 K,350 K and 365 K.Dimensionless length of the enclosure including fins is ranging between 0 and 1.Results have been illustrated through the estimation of important performance parameters such as energy absorbing capacity,melting rate,enhancement ratio,and Nusselt number.It has been found that melting time(to melt 100% of the PCM) is 60.5%less in enclosure-2(with two fins of equal length) as compared to the enclosure-1,having no fins.Keeping the fin surface area equal,if the longer fin is placed below the shorter fin(enclosure-3),melting time is further decreased by 14.1% as compared to enclosure-2.However,among all the configurations,enclosure-6 with wire-mesh fin structure exhibits minimum melting time which is 68.4% less as compared to the enclosure-1.Based on the findings,it may be concluded that fins are the main driving agent in the enclosure to transfer the heat from heated wall to the PCM.Proper design and positioning of the fins improve the heat transfer rate followed by melting of the PCM in the entire area of the enclosure.Evolution of the favourable vortices and natural convection current in the enclosure accelerate the melting phenomenon and help to reduce charging time.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51406167)
文摘A method was presented for calculating the melting rate of ice crystals in different axial positions in a compressor. The volume of fluid model and enthalpy-porosity model were used to simulate the melting process of single ice crystal. The result was validated by experimental data from literature. The change of the liquid fraction of the ice crystals with the axial position was obtained when the temperature distribution inside the compressor was introduced into the melting process. The liquid fraction of the spherical ice crystals was fitted with the ice crystal diameter as a variable, and the general distribution function for computing liquid fraction in any axial position in the compressor was obtained. The function of axial position as a variable for non-spherical ice crystal was also got.
文摘Ca和Sr是铸造铝硅合金中最有效的变质元素,一般在浇铸前以中间合金的形式加入.然而在废杂铝熔铸再生工业中,原料中常含有微量的Ca和Sr,预控它们在熔炼过程中的含量变化是它们再利用的前提.本文以工业A356铸锭为原料,实验研究了熔炼温度和保温时间对Ca和Sr质量分数变化规律的影响.结果表明：Ca和Sr质量分数随着保温时间延长均呈Exp3P2规律下降,且随熔炼温度升高质量分数下降速率均逐渐提高.根据热力学和动力学分析可知,在废杂铝熔炼再生过程前期主要发生[Ca]和[Sr]与熔体中的氧发生氧化反应生成CaO和SrO,这些氧化物又会与Al2O3反应生成Al2O3·6CaO和Al2O3·SrO,经扒渣操作后Ca和Sr质量分数下降.在熔炼中后期,[Ca]和[Sr]以扩散至熔体表层还原Al2O3的方式使它们的质量分数降低.计算得出在660-740℃熔炼A356合金时Ca和Sr氧化反应的表观活化能分别为182.6 k J·mol^（-1）和117.8 k J·mol^（-1）,两者均受化学反应过程控制.根据Ca和Sr质量分数的变化规律建立了它们的质量分数预报模型,经生产验证表明预报误差均小于10%,可用于预报废杂铝熔炼再生过程Ca和Sr的质量分数.
基金ThisprojectwasfinanciallysupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina! (No .49372 130 )
文摘Dehydration melting experiments were conducted on granulite and Al gneiss, the two most representative rock types of the khondalite series in the northern segment of the Helan Mountain. The critical melting fraction was determined to be 30% in volume, which is of great significance with respect to the P T t path of metamorphism and granite generation in the region.
