The van Genuchten model is the most widely used soil water retention curve （SWRC） model. Two undisturbed soils （clay and loam） were used to evaluate the accuracy of the integral method to estimate van Genuchten mo...The van Genuchten model is the most widely used soil water retention curve （SWRC） model. Two undisturbed soils （clay and loam） were used to evaluate the accuracy of the integral method to estimate van Genuchten model parameters and to determine SWRCs of undisturbed soils. SWRCs calculated by the integral method were compared with those measured by a high speed centrifuge technique. The accuracy of the calculated results was evaluated graphically, as well as by root mean square error （RMSE）, normalized root mean square error （NRMSE） and Willmott＇s index of agreement （1）. The results obtained from the integral method were quite similar to those by the centrifuge technique. The RMSEs （4.61 ×10^-5 for Eum-Orthic Anthrosol and 2.74 × 10^-4 for Los-Orthic Entisol） and NRMSEs （1.56 × 10^-4 for Eum- Orthic Anthrosol and 1.45 ×10^-3 for Los-Orthic Entisol） were relatively small. The 1 values were 0.973 and 0.943 for Eum-Orthic Anthrosol and Los-Orthic Entisol, respectively, indicating a good agreement between the integral method values and the centrifuge values. Therefore, the integral method could be used to estimate SWRCs of undisturbed clay and loam soils.展开更多
Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR)of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment.Vegetation and precipitation are considere...Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR)of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment.Vegetation and precipitation are considered to be the main factors for the variation in soil erosion.However,it is a big challenge to analyze the impacts of precipitation and vegetation respectively as well as their combined effects on soil erosion from the pixel scale.To assess the influences of vegetation and precipitation on the variation of soil erosion from 2005 to 2015,we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model to evaluate soil erosion in the TRHR,and then developed a method using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model(LMDI)which can exponentially decompose the influencing factors,to calculate the contribution values of the vegetation cover factor(C factor)and the rainfall erosivity factor(R factor)to the variation of soil erosion from the pixel scale.In general,soil erosion in the TRHR was alleviated from 2005 to 2015,of which about 54.95%of the area where soil erosion decreased was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor,and 41.31%was caused by the change in the R factor.There were relatively few areas with increased soil erosion modulus,of which 64.10%of the area where soil erosion increased was caused by the change in the C factor,and 23.88%was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor.Therefore,the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor were regarded as the main driving force for the decrease of soil erosion,while the C factor was the dominant factor for the increase of soil erosion.The area with decreased soil erosion caused by the C factor(12.10×10^3 km^2)was larger than the area with increased soil erosion caused by the C factor(8.30×10^3 km^2),which indicated that vegetation had a positive effect on soil erosion.This study generally put forward a new method for quantitative assessment of the impacts of the influencing factors on soil erosion,and展开更多
Through the matching relationship between land use types and carbon emission items, this paper estimated carbon emissions of different land use types in Nanjing City, China and analyzed the influencing factors of carb...Through the matching relationship between land use types and carbon emission items, this paper estimated carbon emissions of different land use types in Nanjing City, China and analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） model. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） Total anthropogenic carbon emission of Nanjing increased from 1.22928 ×10^7 t in 2000 to 3.06939 × 10^7 t in 2009, in which the carbon emission of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land accounted for 93% of the total. 2） The average land use carbon emission intensity of Nanjing in 2009 was 46.63 t/ha, in which carbon emission intensity of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land was the highest（200.52 t/ha）, which was much higher than that of other land use types. 3） The average carbon source intensity in Nanjing was 16 times of the average carbon sink intensity（2.83 t/ha） in 2009, indicating that Nanjing was confronted with serious carbon deficit and huge carbon cycle pressure. 4） Land use area per unit GDP was an inhibitory factor for the increase of carbon emissions, while the other factors were all contributing factors. 5） Carbon emission effect evaluation should be introduced into land use activities to formulate low-carbon land use strategies in regional development.展开更多
Quantitative reconstructions of atmospheric CO2 by using terrestrial and marine records are critical for understanding the so-called ＂greenhouse＂ conditions in the Cretaceous, but data from terrestrial plants for se...Quantitative reconstructions of atmospheric CO2 by using terrestrial and marine records are critical for understanding the so-called ＂greenhouse＂ conditions in the Cretaceous, but data from terrestrial plants for several stages of this period remain quite limited. Using the stomatal index （SI） technique, here we estimate the Santonian （Late Cretaceous） CO2 contents based on a sequence of fossil cuticles of Ginkgo adiantoides （Ung.） Heer from three beds of the Yong＇ancun Formation in Jiayin, Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. By the regress function, Sis of Ginkgo fossils reveal a pronounced CO2 reduction from the early to late Santonian （-661 and -565 ppm, respectively）. The relatively high CO2 levels provide additional evidence for paleoclimatic warmth in this interval. Moreover, available paleobotanical data illustrate a decline trend of CO2 contents throughout the Late Cretaceous, punctuated by several fluctuations in particular episodes with different magnitudes. The CO2 contents shifted notably in the late Cenomanian, Turonian, early Santonian, late Campanian, and probably latest Maastrichtian. Furthermore, a comprehensive study based on CO2 data shows that the global mean land surface temperature （GMLST） fluctuated several times accordingly. The change ratios of GMLST （AT） increased from -3℃ in late Cenomanian to -4.7℃ in mid Turonian, and then dramatically reduced to -2.2℃ in mid Coniacian. From the Santonian onward, it appears that the temperature gradually decreased with a few minor fluctuations.展开更多
The potential for mitigating climate change is growing worldwide,with an increasing emphasis on reducing CO_(2)emissions and minimising the impact on the environment.African continent is faced with the unique challeng...The potential for mitigating climate change is growing worldwide,with an increasing emphasis on reducing CO_(2)emissions and minimising the impact on the environment.African continent is faced with the unique challenge of climate change whilst coping with extreme poverty,explosive population growth and economic difficulties.CO_(2)emission patterns in Africa are analysed in this study to understand primary CO_(2)sources and underlying driving forces further.Data are examined using gravity model,logarithmic mean divisia index and Tapio's decoupling indicator of CO_(2)emissions from economic development in 20 selected African countries during 1984-2014.Results reveal that CO_(2)emissions increased by 2.11%(453.73 million ton)over the research period.Gravity centre for African CO_(2)emissions had shifted towards the northeast direction.Population and economic growth were primary driving forces of CO_(2)emissions.Industrial structure and emission efficiency effects partially offset the growth of CO_(2)emissions.The economic growth effect was an offset factor in central African countries and Zimbabwe due to political instability and economic mismanagement.Industrial structure and emission efficiency were insufficient to decouple economic development from CO_(2)emissions and relieve the pressure of population explosion on CO_(2)emissions in Africa.Thus,future efforts in reducing CO_(2)emissions should focus on scaleup energy-efficient technologies,renewable energy update,emission pricing and long-term green development towards sustainable development goals by 2030.展开更多
The author obtains the rate of strong convergence,mean squared error and optimal choice of the“smoothing parameter”(the sample fraction)of a tail index estimator which was proposed by the author from Pickands’estim...The author obtains the rate of strong convergence,mean squared error and optimal choice of the“smoothing parameter”(the sample fraction)of a tail index estimator which was proposed by the author from Pickands’estimator,and called modified Pickands’estimator.The similar results about Hill’s estimator are also obtained,which generalize the corresponding results in.Besides,some comparisons between Hill’s estimator and the modified Pickands’estimator are given.展开更多
This paper aims to identify the main driving force for changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing during the period of 1981-2005.Sectoral energy use was investigated when regional economic structure change...This paper aims to identify the main driving force for changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing during the period of 1981-2005.Sectoral energy use was investigated when regional economic structure changed significantly.The changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing are decomposed into production effects,structural effects and intensity effects using the additive version of the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method.Aggregate decomposition analysis showed that the major contributor of total effect was made by the production effect fol- lowed by the intensity effect,and the structural effect was rela- tively insignificant.The total and production effects were all posi- tive.In contrast,the structural effect and intensity effect were all negative.Sectoral decomposition investigation indicated that the most effective way to slow down the growth rate of total primary energy consumption (TPEC) was to reduce the production of the energy-intensive industrial sectors and improving industrial en- ergy intensity.The results show that in this period,Beijing's economy has undergone a transformation from an industrial to a service economy.However,the structures of sectoral energy use have not been changed yet,and energy demand should be in- creasing until the energy-intensive industrial production to be reduced and energy intensity of the region reaches a peak.As sequence energy consumption data of sub-sectors are not available, only the fundamental three sectors are considered:agriculture, industry and service.However,further decomposition into secon- dary and tertiary sectors is definitely needed for detailed investi- gations.展开更多
Liaoning Province is in a critical period of economic transformation. The rational utilization of ecological resources and the balance of the relationship between the resource environment and economic growth have beco...Liaoning Province is in a critical period of economic transformation. The rational utilization of ecological resources and the balance of the relationship between the resource environment and economic growth have become the key factors affecting its sustainable economic development. This paper uses data from the Human Development Index and an ecological footprint to construct the ecological well-being performance of Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2016. It then examines the relationship of ecological well-being performance with economic growth, considers the factors influencing the well-being level effect, and analyzes the trends for sustainable economic development from the perspective of ecological well-being. There is a horizontal comparison of the current situation of ecological well-being performance in Liaoning Province and with other coastal provinces in China and clarification of the stage and development gap. The conclusions show that: 1) The trend of ecological well-being performance in Liaoning Province during this period first decreased and then rose, with this movement mainly affected by changes in the ecological footprint;2) There is a U-shaped relationship between ecological well-being performance and economic growth, and resource consumption contributes less to promote well-being;3) There are three stages to the sustainable development trend: inferior, medium and advanced. When compared with others coastal provinces, Liaoning Province belongs to the high consumption and low well-being type.展开更多
Preeclampsia(PE)is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy classically characterized by hypertension with significant proteinuria after 20 weeks'gestation.This disorder is one of the leading causes of maternal and per...Preeclampsia(PE)is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy classically characterized by hypertension with significant proteinuria after 20 weeks'gestation.This disorder is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.PE can be subdivided into preterm PE(with delivery at<37 weeks'gestation)and term PE(with delivery at≥37 weeks'gestation).Preterm PE is associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes than term PE.Traditional method of screening as recommended by professional guidelines has limited predictive performance and therefore should be updated to reflect recent scientific evidence that the target of screening should be preterm PE,the best way to identify the high-risk group is the Bayes-based method that combines maternal risk factors and biomarkers,the threshold should be set at screen positive rate of 10%,aspirin should be started before 16 weeks'gestation,and the daily dose should be higher than 100mg.展开更多
Mean airway pressure(Pmean)is a common pressure monitoring parameter of mechanical ventilators that is closely correlated with mean alveolar pressure and represents stresses applied to the lung parenchyma during venti...Mean airway pressure(Pmean)is a common pressure monitoring parameter of mechanical ventilators that is closely correlated with mean alveolar pressure and represents stresses applied to the lung parenchyma during ventilation.Pmean is determined by the peak inspiratory pressure,positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP),and inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio with dynamic and real-time characteristics,which represents mechanical power affected by the ventilator mode.Additionally,Pmean is an important parameter that affects hemodynamics.Tidal forces and PEEP increase pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR)in direct proportion to their effects on Pmean.Therefore,Pmean is increasingly considered to be related to the prognosis of patients on mechanical ventilation.We propose a 3P strategy(Pmean,central venous pressure[CVP],and perfusion index[PI])which is indicated to achieve circulation protection mechanical ventilation with flow priority.Titrating the appropriate CVP and meeting PI to ensure tissue perfusion with a lower Pmean are the core purposes.Pmean links the circulatory and respiratory systems and is expected to become a potential parameter for intelligent ventilation.展开更多
In this article, we prove that any complete finite index hypersurface in the hyperbolic space H4（-1）（H5（-1）） with constant mean curvature H satisfying H2 6634 （H2 114785 respectively） must be compact. Speciall...In this article, we prove that any complete finite index hypersurface in the hyperbolic space H4（-1）（H5（-1）） with constant mean curvature H satisfying H2 6634 （H2 114785 respectively） must be compact. Specially, we verify that any complete and stable hypersurface in the hyperbolic space H4（-1） （resp. H5（-1）） with constant mean curvature H satisfying H2 6643 （resp. H2 114785 ） must be compact. It shows that there is no manifold satisfying the conditions of some theorems in [7, 9].展开更多
Guangdong Province,as one of China’s fast-developing regions,an important manufacturing base,and one of the national first round low-carbon pilots,still faces many challenges in controlling its total energy consumpti...Guangdong Province,as one of China’s fast-developing regions,an important manufacturing base,and one of the national first round low-carbon pilots,still faces many challenges in controlling its total energy consumption.Coal dominates Guangdong’s energy consumption and remains the major source of CO_(2).Previous research on factors influencing energy consumption has lacked a systematic analysis both from supply side(factors related to scale,structure,and technologies)and demand side(investment,consumption,and trade).This paper develops the logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)method that focuses on the supply side and the structural decomposition analysis(SDA)method that focuses on the demand side to systematically identify the key factors driving coal consumption in Guangdong.Results are as follows:(1)Supply side analysis indicates that economic growth has always been the most important factor driving coal consumption growth,while energy intensity is the most important constraining factor.Industrial structure and energy structure have different impacts on coal consumption control during different development phases.(2)Demand side analysis indicates that coal is consumed mainly for international exports,inter-provincial exports,fixed capital formation,and urban household.(3)Industries with the fastest coal consumption growth driven by final demand have experienced significant shifts.Increments in industrial sectors were mainly driven by inter-provincial exports and urban household consumption in recent years.(4)Research on energy consumption in subnational regions under China’s new development pattern of“dual circulation”should not only focus on exports in the context of economic globalization but also pay more attention to inter-provincial exports on the background of strengthened interregional connections.展开更多
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the largest agricultural high-efficiency water-saving arid area in China,was adopted to explore the coupling relationship between agricultural water consumption and economic benefits,w...Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the largest agricultural high-efficiency water-saving arid area in China,was adopted to explore the coupling relationship between agricultural water consumption and economic benefits,which is of great significance to guiding the efficient utilization and sustainable development of agricultural water resources.This study utilizes an indicator,termed the Agricultural Water Footprint Intensity(short as AWFI,which means the amount of water resource consumed per unit of agricultural GDP),to study the economic benefits of agricultural water in Xinjiang from 1991-2018.In addition,the Theil index,a measure of the imbalance between individuals or regions,was used to study the evolution in the spatial differences in water efficiency,and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)method was applied to quantify the factors driving the AWFI.The results showed that AWFI in Xinjiang has experienced three stages:obvious decline,stable and slow decline,which decreased from 16114 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY to 2100 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY,decreasing by 86.97%.The Theil index indicated that the spatial evolution of 14 prefectures(cities)resembled an inverted N-shaped Kuznets curve over time.Among the influencing factors,the contributions of water-saving technology and planting structure to the change in the AWFI in Xinjiang,China from 1991 to 2018 were 154.03%and−37.98%,respectively.The total contribution to AWFI of the total population,urbanization rate,and production scale was−16.06%.This study concluded that further improvements in the economic benefits of agricultural water consumption can be obtained by continuing to promote more efficient or“water-conservation”irrigation technologies(engineering aspects),adjusting the planting structure(policy guidance aspects),and intensive management of cultivated land(management aspects).展开更多
基金Project supported by the International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA), China, and the Hundreds-Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (No. 90502006)
文摘The van Genuchten model is the most widely used soil water retention curve （SWRC） model. Two undisturbed soils （clay and loam） were used to evaluate the accuracy of the integral method to estimate van Genuchten model parameters and to determine SWRCs of undisturbed soils. SWRCs calculated by the integral method were compared with those measured by a high speed centrifuge technique. The accuracy of the calculated results was evaluated graphically, as well as by root mean square error （RMSE）, normalized root mean square error （NRMSE） and Willmott＇s index of agreement （1）. The results obtained from the integral method were quite similar to those by the centrifuge technique. The RMSEs （4.61 ×10^-5 for Eum-Orthic Anthrosol and 2.74 × 10^-4 for Los-Orthic Entisol） and NRMSEs （1.56 × 10^-4 for Eum- Orthic Anthrosol and 1.45 ×10^-3 for Los-Orthic Entisol） were relatively small. The 1 values were 0.973 and 0.943 for Eum-Orthic Anthrosol and Los-Orthic Entisol, respectively, indicating a good agreement between the integral method values and the centrifuge values. Therefore, the integral method could be used to estimate SWRCs of undisturbed clay and loam soils.
文摘Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR)of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment.Vegetation and precipitation are considered to be the main factors for the variation in soil erosion.However,it is a big challenge to analyze the impacts of precipitation and vegetation respectively as well as their combined effects on soil erosion from the pixel scale.To assess the influences of vegetation and precipitation on the variation of soil erosion from 2005 to 2015,we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model to evaluate soil erosion in the TRHR,and then developed a method using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model(LMDI)which can exponentially decompose the influencing factors,to calculate the contribution values of the vegetation cover factor(C factor)and the rainfall erosivity factor(R factor)to the variation of soil erosion from the pixel scale.In general,soil erosion in the TRHR was alleviated from 2005 to 2015,of which about 54.95%of the area where soil erosion decreased was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor,and 41.31%was caused by the change in the R factor.There were relatively few areas with increased soil erosion modulus,of which 64.10%of the area where soil erosion increased was caused by the change in the C factor,and 23.88%was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor.Therefore,the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor were regarded as the main driving force for the decrease of soil erosion,while the C factor was the dominant factor for the increase of soil erosion.The area with decreased soil erosion caused by the C factor(12.10×10^3 km^2)was larger than the area with increased soil erosion caused by the C factor(8.30×10^3 km^2),which indicated that vegetation had a positive effect on soil erosion.This study generally put forward a new method for quantitative assessment of the impacts of the influencing factors on soil erosion,and
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301633)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.10ZD&030)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2012M511243,2013T60518)Clean Development Mechanism Foundation of China(No.1214073,2012065)
文摘Through the matching relationship between land use types and carbon emission items, this paper estimated carbon emissions of different land use types in Nanjing City, China and analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） model. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） Total anthropogenic carbon emission of Nanjing increased from 1.22928 ×10^7 t in 2000 to 3.06939 × 10^7 t in 2009, in which the carbon emission of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land accounted for 93% of the total. 2） The average land use carbon emission intensity of Nanjing in 2009 was 46.63 t/ha, in which carbon emission intensity of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land was the highest（200.52 t/ha）, which was much higher than that of other land use types. 3） The average carbon source intensity in Nanjing was 16 times of the average carbon sink intensity（2.83 t/ha） in 2009, indicating that Nanjing was confronted with serious carbon deficit and huge carbon cycle pressure. 4） Land use area per unit GDP was an inhibitory factor for the increase of carbon emissions, while the other factors were all contributing factors. 5） Carbon emission effect evaluation should be introduced into land use activities to formulate low-carbon land use strategies in regional development.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China (Grant No. 2006CB701401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41002004)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20090451258)the Fund of LPS, Nanjing Insti-tute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS (Grant No. 103107)
文摘Quantitative reconstructions of atmospheric CO2 by using terrestrial and marine records are critical for understanding the so-called ＂greenhouse＂ conditions in the Cretaceous, but data from terrestrial plants for several stages of this period remain quite limited. Using the stomatal index （SI） technique, here we estimate the Santonian （Late Cretaceous） CO2 contents based on a sequence of fossil cuticles of Ginkgo adiantoides （Ung.） Heer from three beds of the Yong＇ancun Formation in Jiayin, Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. By the regress function, Sis of Ginkgo fossils reveal a pronounced CO2 reduction from the early to late Santonian （-661 and -565 ppm, respectively）. The relatively high CO2 levels provide additional evidence for paleoclimatic warmth in this interval. Moreover, available paleobotanical data illustrate a decline trend of CO2 contents throughout the Late Cretaceous, punctuated by several fluctuations in particular episodes with different magnitudes. The CO2 contents shifted notably in the late Cenomanian, Turonian, early Santonian, late Campanian, and probably latest Maastrichtian. Furthermore, a comprehensive study based on CO2 data shows that the global mean land surface temperature （GMLST） fluctuated several times accordingly. The change ratios of GMLST （AT） increased from -3℃ in late Cenomanian to -4.7℃ in mid Turonian, and then dramatically reduced to -2.2℃ in mid Coniacian. From the Santonian onward, it appears that the temperature gradually decreased with a few minor fluctuations.
基金supported by the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017ZX07101001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41690142 and 41371535)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.SWU019047)。
文摘The potential for mitigating climate change is growing worldwide,with an increasing emphasis on reducing CO_(2)emissions and minimising the impact on the environment.African continent is faced with the unique challenge of climate change whilst coping with extreme poverty,explosive population growth and economic difficulties.CO_(2)emission patterns in Africa are analysed in this study to understand primary CO_(2)sources and underlying driving forces further.Data are examined using gravity model,logarithmic mean divisia index and Tapio's decoupling indicator of CO_(2)emissions from economic development in 20 selected African countries during 1984-2014.Results reveal that CO_(2)emissions increased by 2.11%(453.73 million ton)over the research period.Gravity centre for African CO_(2)emissions had shifted towards the northeast direction.Population and economic growth were primary driving forces of CO_(2)emissions.Industrial structure and emission efficiency effects partially offset the growth of CO_(2)emissions.The economic growth effect was an offset factor in central African countries and Zimbabwe due to political instability and economic mismanagement.Industrial structure and emission efficiency were insufficient to decouple economic development from CO_(2)emissions and relieve the pressure of population explosion on CO_(2)emissions in Africa.Thus,future efforts in reducing CO_(2)emissions should focus on scaleup energy-efficient technologies,renewable energy update,emission pricing and long-term green development towards sustainable development goals by 2030.
文摘The author obtains the rate of strong convergence,mean squared error and optimal choice of the“smoothing parameter”(the sample fraction)of a tail index estimator which was proposed by the author from Pickands’estimator,and called modified Pickands’estimator.The similar results about Hill’s estimator are also obtained,which generalize the corresponding results in.Besides,some comparisons between Hill’s estimator and the modified Pickands’estimator are given.
文摘This paper aims to identify the main driving force for changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing during the period of 1981-2005.Sectoral energy use was investigated when regional economic structure changed significantly.The changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing are decomposed into production effects,structural effects and intensity effects using the additive version of the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method.Aggregate decomposition analysis showed that the major contributor of total effect was made by the production effect fol- lowed by the intensity effect,and the structural effect was rela- tively insignificant.The total and production effects were all posi- tive.In contrast,the structural effect and intensity effect were all negative.Sectoral decomposition investigation indicated that the most effective way to slow down the growth rate of total primary energy consumption (TPEC) was to reduce the production of the energy-intensive industrial sectors and improving industrial en- ergy intensity.The results show that in this period,Beijing's economy has undergone a transformation from an industrial to a service economy.However,the structures of sectoral energy use have not been changed yet,and energy demand should be in- creasing until the energy-intensive industrial production to be reduced and energy intensity of the region reaches a peak.As sequence energy consumption data of sub-sectors are not available, only the fundamental three sectors are considered:agriculture, industry and service.However,further decomposition into secon- dary and tertiary sectors is definitely needed for detailed investi- gations.
基金Natioanl Natural Science Foundation of China(41271064)Educational Committee Foundation of Liaoning(L201783640)PhD Research Startup Foundation of Liaoning University(BS2018L014)
文摘Liaoning Province is in a critical period of economic transformation. The rational utilization of ecological resources and the balance of the relationship between the resource environment and economic growth have become the key factors affecting its sustainable economic development. This paper uses data from the Human Development Index and an ecological footprint to construct the ecological well-being performance of Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2016. It then examines the relationship of ecological well-being performance with economic growth, considers the factors influencing the well-being level effect, and analyzes the trends for sustainable economic development from the perspective of ecological well-being. There is a horizontal comparison of the current situation of ecological well-being performance in Liaoning Province and with other coastal provinces in China and clarification of the stage and development gap. The conclusions show that: 1) The trend of ecological well-being performance in Liaoning Province during this period first decreased and then rose, with this movement mainly affected by changes in the ecological footprint;2) There is a U-shaped relationship between ecological well-being performance and economic growth, and resource consumption contributes less to promote well-being;3) There are three stages to the sustainable development trend: inferior, medium and advanced. When compared with others coastal provinces, Liaoning Province belongs to the high consumption and low well-being type.
文摘Preeclampsia(PE)is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy classically characterized by hypertension with significant proteinuria after 20 weeks'gestation.This disorder is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.PE can be subdivided into preterm PE(with delivery at<37 weeks'gestation)and term PE(with delivery at≥37 weeks'gestation).Preterm PE is associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes than term PE.Traditional method of screening as recommended by professional guidelines has limited predictive performance and therefore should be updated to reflect recent scientific evidence that the target of screening should be preterm PE,the best way to identify the high-risk group is the Bayes-based method that combines maternal risk factors and biomarkers,the threshold should be set at screen positive rate of 10%,aspirin should be started before 16 weeks'gestation,and the daily dose should be higher than 100mg.
基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820126)from the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission and Capital Characteristic Clinic Project of Beijing(No.Z181100001718209)Excellence Program of Key Clinical Specialty of Beijing in 2020(No.Z201100005520051).
文摘Mean airway pressure(Pmean)is a common pressure monitoring parameter of mechanical ventilators that is closely correlated with mean alveolar pressure and represents stresses applied to the lung parenchyma during ventilation.Pmean is determined by the peak inspiratory pressure,positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP),and inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio with dynamic and real-time characteristics,which represents mechanical power affected by the ventilator mode.Additionally,Pmean is an important parameter that affects hemodynamics.Tidal forces and PEEP increase pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR)in direct proportion to their effects on Pmean.Therefore,Pmean is increasingly considered to be related to the prognosis of patients on mechanical ventilation.We propose a 3P strategy(Pmean,central venous pressure[CVP],and perfusion index[PI])which is indicated to achieve circulation protection mechanical ventilation with flow priority.Titrating the appropriate CVP and meeting PI to ensure tissue perfusion with a lower Pmean are the core purposes.Pmean links the circulatory and respiratory systems and is expected to become a potential parameter for intelligent ventilation.
基金supported by NSFC (10901067)partially supported by NSFC (10801058) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences
文摘In this article, we prove that any complete finite index hypersurface in the hyperbolic space H4（-1）（H5（-1）） with constant mean curvature H satisfying H2 6634 （H2 114785 respectively） must be compact. Specially, we verify that any complete and stable hypersurface in the hyperbolic space H4（-1） （resp. H5（-1）） with constant mean curvature H satisfying H2 6643 （resp. H2 114785 ） must be compact. It shows that there is no manifold satisfying the conditions of some theorems in [7, 9].
基金National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFB2103101)Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0301)+2 种基金GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2020GDASYL-20200102002)GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2020GDASYL-20200301003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501144)。
文摘Guangdong Province,as one of China’s fast-developing regions,an important manufacturing base,and one of the national first round low-carbon pilots,still faces many challenges in controlling its total energy consumption.Coal dominates Guangdong’s energy consumption and remains the major source of CO_(2).Previous research on factors influencing energy consumption has lacked a systematic analysis both from supply side(factors related to scale,structure,and technologies)and demand side(investment,consumption,and trade).This paper develops the logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)method that focuses on the supply side and the structural decomposition analysis(SDA)method that focuses on the demand side to systematically identify the key factors driving coal consumption in Guangdong.Results are as follows:(1)Supply side analysis indicates that economic growth has always been the most important factor driving coal consumption growth,while energy intensity is the most important constraining factor.Industrial structure and energy structure have different impacts on coal consumption control during different development phases.(2)Demand side analysis indicates that coal is consumed mainly for international exports,inter-provincial exports,fixed capital formation,and urban household.(3)Industries with the fastest coal consumption growth driven by final demand have experienced significant shifts.Increments in industrial sectors were mainly driven by inter-provincial exports and urban household consumption in recent years.(4)Research on energy consumption in subnational regions under China’s new development pattern of“dual circulation”should not only focus on exports in the context of economic globalization but also pay more attention to inter-provincial exports on the background of strengthened interregional connections.
基金This work was financially supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition(Grant No.2022xjkk0103,2021xjkk0406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52179028)+1 种基金the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.XSKJ2019081-02)the Xinjiang Water Conservancy Science and technology project(Grant No.XSKJ-2021-01).
文摘Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the largest agricultural high-efficiency water-saving arid area in China,was adopted to explore the coupling relationship between agricultural water consumption and economic benefits,which is of great significance to guiding the efficient utilization and sustainable development of agricultural water resources.This study utilizes an indicator,termed the Agricultural Water Footprint Intensity(short as AWFI,which means the amount of water resource consumed per unit of agricultural GDP),to study the economic benefits of agricultural water in Xinjiang from 1991-2018.In addition,the Theil index,a measure of the imbalance between individuals or regions,was used to study the evolution in the spatial differences in water efficiency,and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)method was applied to quantify the factors driving the AWFI.The results showed that AWFI in Xinjiang has experienced three stages:obvious decline,stable and slow decline,which decreased from 16114 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY to 2100 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY,decreasing by 86.97%.The Theil index indicated that the spatial evolution of 14 prefectures(cities)resembled an inverted N-shaped Kuznets curve over time.Among the influencing factors,the contributions of water-saving technology and planting structure to the change in the AWFI in Xinjiang,China from 1991 to 2018 were 154.03%and−37.98%,respectively.The total contribution to AWFI of the total population,urbanization rate,and production scale was−16.06%.This study concluded that further improvements in the economic benefits of agricultural water consumption can be obtained by continuing to promote more efficient or“water-conservation”irrigation technologies(engineering aspects),adjusting the planting structure(policy guidance aspects),and intensive management of cultivated land(management aspects).
