Despite the importance of maternally selected nests in shaping offspring phenotypes,our understanding of how the nest environment affects embryonic development and offspring traits of most non-avian reptiles is rather...Despite the importance of maternally selected nests in shaping offspring phenotypes,our understanding of how the nest environment affects embryonic development and offspring traits of most non-avian reptiles is rather limited largely due to the logistical difficulty in locating their nests.To identify the relative contributions of environmental(temporal[seasonal]and spatial[nest-site])and intrinsic(clutch)factors on embryonic development and offspring traits,we conducted a cross-fostering experiment by swapping eggs between maternally-selected nests of the toad-headed agama(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)in the field.We found that nest environment explained a large proportion of variation in incubation duration,hatching success,and offspring size and growth.In contrast,clutch only explained a small proportion of variation in these embryonic and offspring traits.More significantly,compared with spatial effects,seasonal effects explained more phenotypic variation in both embryonic development and offspring traits.Eggs laid early in the nesting season had longer incubation durations and produced smaller hatchlings with higher post-hatching growth rates than did later-laid eggs.Consequently,hatchlings from early-laid eggs reached larger body sizes prior to winter.In addition,we found that female toad-headed agama did not select nests specific to reaction norms of their own offspring because hatchlings from original or translocated nests had similar phenotypic traits.Overall,our study demonstrates the importance of seasonal variation in nest environments in determining embryonic development and offspring phenotypes,which has not been widely appreciated at least in non-avian reptiles.展开更多
Quality of Maternal, Neonatal and Child (MNCH) care is an important aspect in ensuring healthy outcomes and survival of mothers and children. To maintain quality in health services provided, organizations and other st...Quality of Maternal, Neonatal and Child (MNCH) care is an important aspect in ensuring healthy outcomes and survival of mothers and children. To maintain quality in health services provided, organizations and other stakeholders in maternal and child health recommend regular quality measurement. Quality indicators are the key components in the quality measurement process. However, the literature shows neither an indicator selection process nor a set of quality indicators for quality measurement that is universally accepted. The lack of a universally accepted quality indicator selection process and set of quality indicators results in the establishment of a variety of quality indicator selection processes and several sets of quality indicators whenever the need for quality measurement arises. This adds extra processes that render quality measurement process. This study, therefore, aims to establish a set of quality indicators from a broad set of quality indicators recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study deployed a machine learning technique, specifically a random forest classifier to select important indicators for quality measurement. Twenty-nine indicators were identified as important features and among those, eight indicators namely maternal mortality ratio, still-birth rate, delivery at a health facility, deliveries assisted by skilled attendants, proportional breach delivery, normal delivery rate, born before arrival rate and antenatal care visit coverage were identified to be the most important indicators for quality measurement.展开更多
目的:采用基于健康测量工具的共识标准(COSMIN)指南对母婴依恋测量工具进行系统评价。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网中有关母婴依恋测量工具的研究,...目的:采用基于健康测量工具的共识标准(COSMIN)指南对母婴依恋测量工具进行系统评价。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网中有关母婴依恋测量工具的研究,检索时限均为建库至2023年10月30日。由2名接受过循证方法学培训的评审员独立筛选文献,提取并汇总整理数据,采用COSMIN指南偏倚风险清单及良好测量学属性标准对测量工具的属性进行系统评价。结果:共纳入35项研究,包括7种母婴依恋测量工具,其中母胎依恋工具内容效度质量充分(证据质量为高级)、结构效度质量不确定(证据质量为中级)、内部一致性质量为充分(证据质量为高级)、假设检验质量为充分(证据质量为高级),为A级推荐。结论:本研究系统评价了7种母婴依恋的测量工具,其中母胎依恋工具为A类工具,推荐使用。展开更多
基金supported by grants from The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31525006,31801977,31971419)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST and ISZS for S.L.,and the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503200).
文摘Despite the importance of maternally selected nests in shaping offspring phenotypes,our understanding of how the nest environment affects embryonic development and offspring traits of most non-avian reptiles is rather limited largely due to the logistical difficulty in locating their nests.To identify the relative contributions of environmental(temporal[seasonal]and spatial[nest-site])and intrinsic(clutch)factors on embryonic development and offspring traits,we conducted a cross-fostering experiment by swapping eggs between maternally-selected nests of the toad-headed agama(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)in the field.We found that nest environment explained a large proportion of variation in incubation duration,hatching success,and offspring size and growth.In contrast,clutch only explained a small proportion of variation in these embryonic and offspring traits.More significantly,compared with spatial effects,seasonal effects explained more phenotypic variation in both embryonic development and offspring traits.Eggs laid early in the nesting season had longer incubation durations and produced smaller hatchlings with higher post-hatching growth rates than did later-laid eggs.Consequently,hatchlings from early-laid eggs reached larger body sizes prior to winter.In addition,we found that female toad-headed agama did not select nests specific to reaction norms of their own offspring because hatchlings from original or translocated nests had similar phenotypic traits.Overall,our study demonstrates the importance of seasonal variation in nest environments in determining embryonic development and offspring phenotypes,which has not been widely appreciated at least in non-avian reptiles.
文摘Quality of Maternal, Neonatal and Child (MNCH) care is an important aspect in ensuring healthy outcomes and survival of mothers and children. To maintain quality in health services provided, organizations and other stakeholders in maternal and child health recommend regular quality measurement. Quality indicators are the key components in the quality measurement process. However, the literature shows neither an indicator selection process nor a set of quality indicators for quality measurement that is universally accepted. The lack of a universally accepted quality indicator selection process and set of quality indicators results in the establishment of a variety of quality indicator selection processes and several sets of quality indicators whenever the need for quality measurement arises. This adds extra processes that render quality measurement process. This study, therefore, aims to establish a set of quality indicators from a broad set of quality indicators recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study deployed a machine learning technique, specifically a random forest classifier to select important indicators for quality measurement. Twenty-nine indicators were identified as important features and among those, eight indicators namely maternal mortality ratio, still-birth rate, delivery at a health facility, deliveries assisted by skilled attendants, proportional breach delivery, normal delivery rate, born before arrival rate and antenatal care visit coverage were identified to be the most important indicators for quality measurement.
文摘目的:采用基于健康测量工具的共识标准(COSMIN)指南对母婴依恋测量工具进行系统评价。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网中有关母婴依恋测量工具的研究,检索时限均为建库至2023年10月30日。由2名接受过循证方法学培训的评审员独立筛选文献,提取并汇总整理数据,采用COSMIN指南偏倚风险清单及良好测量学属性标准对测量工具的属性进行系统评价。结果:共纳入35项研究,包括7种母婴依恋测量工具,其中母胎依恋工具内容效度质量充分(证据质量为高级)、结构效度质量不确定(证据质量为中级)、内部一致性质量为充分(证据质量为高级)、假设检验质量为充分(证据质量为高级),为A级推荐。结论:本研究系统评价了7种母婴依恋的测量工具,其中母胎依恋工具为A类工具,推荐使用。
