建筑的物化阶段具有碳排放时间集中、排放量大的特点,是应对气候变化和节能减排的关键阶段。因此通过界定建筑物化阶段碳排放的系统边界,采用简化的生命周期评价方法,可以在建筑方案设计中快速计算建筑物化阶段碳排放量。本文利用基于...建筑的物化阶段具有碳排放时间集中、排放量大的特点,是应对气候变化和节能减排的关键阶段。因此通过界定建筑物化阶段碳排放的系统边界,采用简化的生命周期评价方法,可以在建筑方案设计中快速计算建筑物化阶段碳排放量。本文利用基于过程的清单分析方法,研究了129栋住宅建筑在物化阶段的建材碳排放量。统计结果显示,住宅建筑在物化阶段建筑材料的碳排放量按面积加权平均值为514.66 kg CO_2e/m^2。其中,钢、商品砼、墙体材料、砂浆、铜芯导线电缆、建筑陶瓷、PVC管材、保温材料、门窗和水性涂料十类建材的碳排放量达到了建筑物化阶段总建材碳排放量的99%,是物化阶段碳排放最为主要的建材。其中,土建工程中钢、商品砼和砂浆这几种主要建材碳排放量在砖混结构、剪力墙结构、框架结构和框剪结构的住宅建筑中趋势依次递增。在建筑方案设计中控制这十类建材的用量,选用低环境影响的建材产品可以有效降低建筑物化阶段的碳排放。展开更多
Studies on building carbon emissions focus mainly on the materialization phase of life cycle, as carbon emissions in this stage is intensive and high. This paper proposes a simplified model to calculate embodied carbo...Studies on building carbon emissions focus mainly on the materialization phase of life cycle, as carbon emissions in this stage is intensive and high. This paper proposes a simplified model to calculate embodied carbon emissions in building design stage by conducting a process-based inventory analysis of carbon emissions from materials used in 129 residential buildings, 41 office buildings, and 21 commercial buildings during materialization phase. The results indicate that average carbon emissions per unit area from building materials used in residential buildings, office buildings, and commercial buildings are 514.66 kgCO2 e/m2, 533.69 kg CO2 e/m2 and 494.19 kgCO2 e/m2, respectively. Besides, ten kinds of building materials(namely, steel, commercial concrete, wall building materials, mortar, copper core cables, architectural ceramics, PVC pipes, thermal insulation materials, doors and windows, and water paint) constitute 99% of total carbon emissions in all three types of buildings. These materials are major carbon emissions sources in materialization phase. Thus, embodied carbon emissions can be significantly reduced by limiting the amount of these materials in architectural design as well as by using environmental friendly materials.展开更多
测定5-氯-2戊酮和环丙基甲基酮的物化性质:密度、黏度、摩尔体积、热膨胀系数和表面张力。测定5-氯-2-戊酮(1)+环丙基甲基酮(2)二元体系的汽液相平衡(VLE),并应用Aspen Plus V11中Van Laar方程、Wilson方程和NRTL方程对实验数据进行关联...测定5-氯-2戊酮和环丙基甲基酮的物化性质:密度、黏度、摩尔体积、热膨胀系数和表面张力。测定5-氯-2-戊酮(1)+环丙基甲基酮(2)二元体系的汽液相平衡(VLE),并应用Aspen Plus V11中Van Laar方程、Wilson方程和NRTL方程对实验数据进行关联,回归得到二元交互参数。实验结果通过热力学一致性检查。该研究不仅补充了汽液相平衡数据库,也为5-氯-2-戊酮与环丙基甲基酮的分离提供热力学数据。展开更多
为快速计算建筑物物化阶段碳足迹,通过对施工现场进行实际调研,更新了运输碳足迹因子数据库,并据此提出运输碳足迹计算方法,建立了物化阶段碳足迹快速评价模型。将建筑信息模型(BIM)技术与计算机技术应用到碳足迹评价中,明确碳足迹计算...为快速计算建筑物物化阶段碳足迹,通过对施工现场进行实际调研,更新了运输碳足迹因子数据库,并据此提出运输碳足迹计算方法,建立了物化阶段碳足迹快速评价模型。将建筑信息模型(BIM)技术与计算机技术应用到碳足迹评价中,明确碳足迹计算数据来源,使碳足迹评价系统化、规范化,开发并建立了"建筑施工碳足迹核算系统"。结合具体案例进行系统应用分析,应用"建筑施工碳足迹核算系统"对大连某多层框架结构建筑进行碳足迹计算,简要分析了计算结果的精确性与案例碳足迹水平,得出该建筑物物化阶段碳足迹水平为443.44 kg CO2eq/m2。运输碳足迹计算方法的研究与"建筑施工碳足迹核算系统"的开发将为建筑业碳足迹研究提供参考。展开更多
文摘建筑的物化阶段具有碳排放时间集中、排放量大的特点,是应对气候变化和节能减排的关键阶段。因此通过界定建筑物化阶段碳排放的系统边界,采用简化的生命周期评价方法,可以在建筑方案设计中快速计算建筑物化阶段碳排放量。本文利用基于过程的清单分析方法,研究了129栋住宅建筑在物化阶段的建材碳排放量。统计结果显示,住宅建筑在物化阶段建筑材料的碳排放量按面积加权平均值为514.66 kg CO_2e/m^2。其中,钢、商品砼、墙体材料、砂浆、铜芯导线电缆、建筑陶瓷、PVC管材、保温材料、门窗和水性涂料十类建材的碳排放量达到了建筑物化阶段总建材碳排放量的99%,是物化阶段碳排放最为主要的建材。其中,土建工程中钢、商品砼和砂浆这几种主要建材碳排放量在砖混结构、剪力墙结构、框架结构和框剪结构的住宅建筑中趋势依次递增。在建筑方案设计中控制这十类建材的用量,选用低环境影响的建材产品可以有效降低建筑物化阶段的碳排放。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M613086)Key Theoretical and Practical Research Fund of Shaanxi Social Sciences(Grant No. 2018Z040)+2 种基金Shaanxi Ministry of Construction-Technology Development Plan (2016-RZ54)Project of Science and Technology Plan of Ministry of Housing Urban-Rural Construction (UDC2017032312)“the 13th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2018YFC0704500)
文摘Studies on building carbon emissions focus mainly on the materialization phase of life cycle, as carbon emissions in this stage is intensive and high. This paper proposes a simplified model to calculate embodied carbon emissions in building design stage by conducting a process-based inventory analysis of carbon emissions from materials used in 129 residential buildings, 41 office buildings, and 21 commercial buildings during materialization phase. The results indicate that average carbon emissions per unit area from building materials used in residential buildings, office buildings, and commercial buildings are 514.66 kgCO2 e/m2, 533.69 kg CO2 e/m2 and 494.19 kgCO2 e/m2, respectively. Besides, ten kinds of building materials(namely, steel, commercial concrete, wall building materials, mortar, copper core cables, architectural ceramics, PVC pipes, thermal insulation materials, doors and windows, and water paint) constitute 99% of total carbon emissions in all three types of buildings. These materials are major carbon emissions sources in materialization phase. Thus, embodied carbon emissions can be significantly reduced by limiting the amount of these materials in architectural design as well as by using environmental friendly materials.
文摘测定5-氯-2戊酮和环丙基甲基酮的物化性质:密度、黏度、摩尔体积、热膨胀系数和表面张力。测定5-氯-2-戊酮(1)+环丙基甲基酮(2)二元体系的汽液相平衡(VLE),并应用Aspen Plus V11中Van Laar方程、Wilson方程和NRTL方程对实验数据进行关联,回归得到二元交互参数。实验结果通过热力学一致性检查。该研究不仅补充了汽液相平衡数据库,也为5-氯-2-戊酮与环丙基甲基酮的分离提供热力学数据。
文摘为快速计算建筑物物化阶段碳足迹,通过对施工现场进行实际调研,更新了运输碳足迹因子数据库,并据此提出运输碳足迹计算方法,建立了物化阶段碳足迹快速评价模型。将建筑信息模型(BIM)技术与计算机技术应用到碳足迹评价中,明确碳足迹计算数据来源,使碳足迹评价系统化、规范化,开发并建立了"建筑施工碳足迹核算系统"。结合具体案例进行系统应用分析,应用"建筑施工碳足迹核算系统"对大连某多层框架结构建筑进行碳足迹计算,简要分析了计算结果的精确性与案例碳足迹水平,得出该建筑物物化阶段碳足迹水平为443.44 kg CO2eq/m2。运输碳足迹计算方法的研究与"建筑施工碳足迹核算系统"的开发将为建筑业碳足迹研究提供参考。
