Electrochemical energy storage devices,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),supercapacitors and fuel cells,have been vigorously developed and widely researched in past decades.However,their safety issues have appealed ...Electrochemical energy storage devices,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),supercapacitors and fuel cells,have been vigorously developed and widely researched in past decades.However,their safety issues have appealed immense attention.Gel electrolytes(GEs),with a special state in-between liquid and solid electrolytes,are considered as the most promising candidates in electrochemical energy storage because of their high safety and stability.This review summarized the recent progresses made in the application of GEs in the safety regulation of the electrochemical energy storage devices.Special attention was paid to the gel polymer electrolytes,the organic low molecule-mass GEs,as well as the fumed silica-based and siloxane-based GEs.Finally,the current challenges and future directions were proposed in terms of the development of GEs.展开更多
针对控制分流制系统径流污染的调蓄设施的设计,尝试引入反映径流与污染负荷之间函数关系的质量冲刷曲线,并利用SWMM(storm water management model)计算所需数据,作为调蓄规模的确定依据;同时辅以多属性决策模型,综合多种因素,对调蓄设...针对控制分流制系统径流污染的调蓄设施的设计,尝试引入反映径流与污染负荷之间函数关系的质量冲刷曲线,并利用SWMM(storm water management model)计算所需数据,作为调蓄规模的确定依据;同时辅以多属性决策模型,综合多种因素,对调蓄设施进行优化设计,从而建立一种较为科学、简明的控制分流制径流污染调蓄设施的优化设计方法。以山西省某县为实例进行计算,结果表明相比于传统的末端调蓄方案,优化方案的总调蓄规模增加6.3%,节点平均调蓄规模减少了47%,径流污染控制效果提升了5%,且能削减高重现期下的系统溢流。优化方案在实现径流污染控制目标的同时降低内涝的风险,表明了该方法的有效性和可行性。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21773168)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (16JCQNJC05000)
文摘Electrochemical energy storage devices,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),supercapacitors and fuel cells,have been vigorously developed and widely researched in past decades.However,their safety issues have appealed immense attention.Gel electrolytes(GEs),with a special state in-between liquid and solid electrolytes,are considered as the most promising candidates in electrochemical energy storage because of their high safety and stability.This review summarized the recent progresses made in the application of GEs in the safety regulation of the electrochemical energy storage devices.Special attention was paid to the gel polymer electrolytes,the organic low molecule-mass GEs,as well as the fumed silica-based and siloxane-based GEs.Finally,the current challenges and future directions were proposed in terms of the development of GEs.
文摘针对控制分流制系统径流污染的调蓄设施的设计,尝试引入反映径流与污染负荷之间函数关系的质量冲刷曲线,并利用SWMM(storm water management model)计算所需数据,作为调蓄规模的确定依据;同时辅以多属性决策模型,综合多种因素,对调蓄设施进行优化设计,从而建立一种较为科学、简明的控制分流制径流污染调蓄设施的优化设计方法。以山西省某县为实例进行计算,结果表明相比于传统的末端调蓄方案,优化方案的总调蓄规模增加6.3%,节点平均调蓄规模减少了47%,径流污染控制效果提升了5%,且能削减高重现期下的系统溢流。优化方案在实现径流污染控制目标的同时降低内涝的风险,表明了该方法的有效性和可行性。
