Atmospheric drag, which can be inferred from orbit information of low-Earth orbiting （LEO） satellites, provides a direct means of measuring mass density. The temporal resolution of derived mass density could be in t...Atmospheric drag, which can be inferred from orbit information of low-Earth orbiting （LEO） satellites, provides a direct means of measuring mass density. The temporal resolution of derived mass density could be in the range from minutes to days, depending on the pre- cision of the satellite orbit data. This paper presents two methods potentially being able to estimate thermosphere mass density from precise obit ephemeris with high temporal resolution. One method is based on the drag perturbation equation of the semi-major axis and the temporal resolution of retrieved density could be ~lB0 s for CHAMP satellite. Another method generates corrections to densities computed from a baseline density model through a Kalman filter orbit drag coefficient determination （KFOD） process and the temporal resolution of derived density could be as high as 30 s for CHAMP satellite. The densities estimated from these two methods are compared with densities obtained from accelerometer data of CHAMP satellite. When the accelerometer data based densities are used as reference values, the mean relative accuracy of the densities derived from precision orbit data using the two methods is within approximately 10%. An application of the derived densities shows that the derived densities can reduce orbit predication errors.展开更多
Theoretical solid-state physicists formulate their models usually in the form of a Hamiltonian. In quantum mechanics, the Hamilton operator (Hamiltonian) is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum th...Theoretical solid-state physicists formulate their models usually in the form of a Hamiltonian. In quantum mechanics, the Hamilton operator (Hamiltonian) is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory. Mentioned operator corresponds to the total energy of the system and its spectrum determines the set of possible outcomes when one measures the total energy. Interpretation of results obtained by the applying of models based on the Hamiltonian indicates very specific mechanisms of some observed phenomena that are not fully consistent with the experience. Such approach may occasionally lead to surprises when obtained results are confronted with expectations. The aim of this work is to find Hamilton operator of acoustic phonons in inhomogeneous solids. The transport of energy in the vibrating crystal consisting of ions whose properties differ over long distances is described in the work. We modeled crystal lattice by 1D “inhomogeneous” ionic chain vibrating by acoustic frequencies and found the Hamiltonian of such system in the second quantization. The influence of long-distance inhomogeneities on the acoustic phonons quantum states can be discussed on basis of our results.展开更多
Lithium cadmium phosphate glasses were prepared by melt quench technique. These glasses contain a mole % composition of x% Li2O-(50-x)% CdO-50%P2O5. The quantity x varies from 0-40 mole%. The physical properties repor...Lithium cadmium phosphate glasses were prepared by melt quench technique. These glasses contain a mole % composition of x% Li2O-(50-x)% CdO-50%P2O5. The quantity x varies from 0-40 mole%. The physical properties reported in this paper are mass density ρ, modulus of rigidity η, coefficient of linear expansion α, transition temperature Tg, Softening temperature Ts, Oxygen packing density, Molar volume and lithium ion concentration. The mass density, oxygen packing density, modulus rigidity, transition temperature and softening temperature show decreasing trend with increasing concentration of lithium ions in these glasses, where molar volume and coefficient of linear expansion increases with increasing concentration of Li2O.展开更多
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41474024)Surveying and Mapping Basic Research Program of National Administration of Surveying,Mapping and Geoinformation (15-02-02)
文摘Atmospheric drag, which can be inferred from orbit information of low-Earth orbiting （LEO） satellites, provides a direct means of measuring mass density. The temporal resolution of derived mass density could be in the range from minutes to days, depending on the pre- cision of the satellite orbit data. This paper presents two methods potentially being able to estimate thermosphere mass density from precise obit ephemeris with high temporal resolution. One method is based on the drag perturbation equation of the semi-major axis and the temporal resolution of retrieved density could be ~lB0 s for CHAMP satellite. Another method generates corrections to densities computed from a baseline density model through a Kalman filter orbit drag coefficient determination （KFOD） process and the temporal resolution of derived density could be as high as 30 s for CHAMP satellite. The densities estimated from these two methods are compared with densities obtained from accelerometer data of CHAMP satellite. When the accelerometer data based densities are used as reference values, the mean relative accuracy of the densities derived from precision orbit data using the two methods is within approximately 10%. An application of the derived densities shows that the derived densities can reduce orbit predication errors.
文摘Theoretical solid-state physicists formulate their models usually in the form of a Hamiltonian. In quantum mechanics, the Hamilton operator (Hamiltonian) is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory. Mentioned operator corresponds to the total energy of the system and its spectrum determines the set of possible outcomes when one measures the total energy. Interpretation of results obtained by the applying of models based on the Hamiltonian indicates very specific mechanisms of some observed phenomena that are not fully consistent with the experience. Such approach may occasionally lead to surprises when obtained results are confronted with expectations. The aim of this work is to find Hamilton operator of acoustic phonons in inhomogeneous solids. The transport of energy in the vibrating crystal consisting of ions whose properties differ over long distances is described in the work. We modeled crystal lattice by 1D “inhomogeneous” ionic chain vibrating by acoustic frequencies and found the Hamiltonian of such system in the second quantization. The influence of long-distance inhomogeneities on the acoustic phonons quantum states can be discussed on basis of our results.
文摘Lithium cadmium phosphate glasses were prepared by melt quench technique. These glasses contain a mole % composition of x% Li2O-(50-x)% CdO-50%P2O5. The quantity x varies from 0-40 mole%. The physical properties reported in this paper are mass density ρ, modulus of rigidity η, coefficient of linear expansion α, transition temperature Tg, Softening temperature Ts, Oxygen packing density, Molar volume and lithium ion concentration. The mass density, oxygen packing density, modulus rigidity, transition temperature and softening temperature show decreasing trend with increasing concentration of lithium ions in these glasses, where molar volume and coefficient of linear expansion increases with increasing concentration of Li2O.
