Marine sponges are productive sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with over 200 new compounds isolated each year,contributing 23%of approved marine drugs so far.This review describes statistical research,struct...Marine sponges are productive sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with over 200 new compounds isolated each year,contributing 23%of approved marine drugs so far.This review describes statistical research,structural diversity,and pharmacological activity of sponge derived new natural products from 2009 to 2018.Approximately 2762 new metabolites have been reported from 180 genera of sponges this decade,of which the main structural types are alkaloids and terpenoids,accounting for 50%of the total.More than half of new molecules showed biological activities including cytotoxic,antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,enzyme inhibition,and antimalarial activities.As summarized in this review,macrolides and peptides had higher proportions of new bioactive compounds in new compounds than other chemical classes.Every chemical class displayed cytotoxicity as the dominant activity.Alkaloids were the major contributors to antibacterial,antifungal,and antioxidant activities while steroids were primarily responsible for pest resistance activity.Alkaloids,terpenoids,and steroids displayed the most diverse biological activities.The statistic research of new compounds by published year,chemical class,sponge taxonomy,and biological activity are presented.Structural novelty and significant bioactivities of some representative compounds are highlighted.Marine sponges are rich sources of novel bioactive compounds and serve as animal hosts for microorganisms,highlighting the undisputed potential of sponges in the marine drugs research and development.展开更多
Sponges are known for their symbiotic associations with bacteria and to a lesser extent with fungi.It has been argued that the association between fungi and sponges is not truly symbiotic,and fungal presence is incide...Sponges are known for their symbiotic associations with bacteria and to a lesser extent with fungi.It has been argued that the association between fungi and sponges is not truly symbiotic,and fungal presence is incidental.Nevertheless,a vertically transmitted endosymbiotic yeast has been observed by transmission electron microscopy in sponges of the genus Chondrilla.Our work was focused on documenting the presence of yeasts associated with marine sponges from Puerto Rico.Sponge samples were taken from healthy mature colonies of Ircinia strobilina,Tedania ignis,and Chondrilla caribensis.A total of 36 yeast morphotypes were isolated and analysed by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal ITS region.Saccharomyces cerevisiae,was isolated from all the samples,comprising the first report of this yeast as a common inhabitant in marine sponges.Other yeasts isolated include the halophilic black yeast,Hortaea werneckii,and an unidentified species belongs to the Sporidiobolales(Basidiomycota).The high isolation frequency of S.cerevisiae from our sponge samples supports the possibility that Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an active member of the sponges’microbial community.展开更多
Objective:To focus on the isolation and preliminary characterization of marine sponges associated Actinobacteria particularly Streptomyces species and also their antagonistic activities against bacterial and fungal pa...Objective:To focus on the isolation and preliminary characterization of marine sponges associated Actinobacteria particularly Streptomyces species and also their antagonistic activities against bacterial and fungal pathogens.Methods:The sponges were collected from Kovalam and Vizhinjam port of south-west coast of Kerala,India.Isolation of strains was carried out from sponge extracts using international Streptomyces project media.For preliminary identification of the strains,morphological(mycelial colouration,soluble pigments,melanoid pigmentation,spore morphology),nutritional uptake(carbon utilisation,amonoacids influence,sodium chloride tolerance),physiological(pH,temperature)and chemotaxonomical characterization were done.Antimicrobial studies were also carried out for the selected strains.Results:With the help of the spicule structures,the collected marine sponges were identified as Callyspongia diffusa,Mycale mytilorum,Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis.Nearly 94 strains were primarily isolated from these sponges and further they were sub-cultured using international Streptomyces project media.The strains exhibited different mycelial colouration(aerial and substrate),soluble and melanoid pigmentations.The strains possessed three types of sporophore morphology namely rectus flexibilis,spiral and retinaculiaperti.Among the 94 isolates,seven exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities with maximal zone of inhibition of 30 mm.The nutritional,physiological and chemotaxonomical characteristic study helped in the conventional identification of the seven strains and they all suggest that the strains to be grouped under the genus Streptomyces.Conclusions:The present study clearly helps in the preliminary identification of the isolates associated with marine sponges.Antagonistic activities prove the production of antimicrobial metabolites against the pathogens.Marine sponges associated Streptomyces are universally well known for their synthesis of many bioactive compounds such as antibiotics,enzymes,enzyme inh展开更多
Objective: To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells.Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata(I. echinata), Dysidea avara,Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifer...Objective: To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells.Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata(I. echinata), Dysidea avara,Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifera and Haliclona violacea were collected from the Persian Gulf(Hengam Island). The cytotoxic effect of these sponges was evaluated by using MTT assay. The metabolic high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of I. echinata was also carried out at two wavelengths(254 and 280 nm).Results: Among the sponges tested in this study, the extracts of I. echinata and Dysidea avara possessed the cytotoxic effect on HeLa and PC12 cells. The obtained fractions from high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against the cell lines. The isolated fractions did not show significant cytotoxic properties.Conclusions: I. echinata could be considered as a potential extract for chemotherapy.Further investigation is needed to determine the accuracy of mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0310900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22137006,41906075,and 41729002)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.BX20180192).
文摘Marine sponges are productive sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with over 200 new compounds isolated each year,contributing 23%of approved marine drugs so far.This review describes statistical research,structural diversity,and pharmacological activity of sponge derived new natural products from 2009 to 2018.Approximately 2762 new metabolites have been reported from 180 genera of sponges this decade,of which the main structural types are alkaloids and terpenoids,accounting for 50%of the total.More than half of new molecules showed biological activities including cytotoxic,antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,enzyme inhibition,and antimalarial activities.As summarized in this review,macrolides and peptides had higher proportions of new bioactive compounds in new compounds than other chemical classes.Every chemical class displayed cytotoxicity as the dominant activity.Alkaloids were the major contributors to antibacterial,antifungal,and antioxidant activities while steroids were primarily responsible for pest resistance activity.Alkaloids,terpenoids,and steroids displayed the most diverse biological activities.The statistic research of new compounds by published year,chemical class,sponge taxonomy,and biological activity are presented.Structural novelty and significant bioactivities of some representative compounds are highlighted.Marine sponges are rich sources of novel bioactive compounds and serve as animal hosts for microorganisms,highlighting the undisputed potential of sponges in the marine drugs research and development.
基金supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(HHMI 2012-NCE).
文摘Sponges are known for their symbiotic associations with bacteria and to a lesser extent with fungi.It has been argued that the association between fungi and sponges is not truly symbiotic,and fungal presence is incidental.Nevertheless,a vertically transmitted endosymbiotic yeast has been observed by transmission electron microscopy in sponges of the genus Chondrilla.Our work was focused on documenting the presence of yeasts associated with marine sponges from Puerto Rico.Sponge samples were taken from healthy mature colonies of Ircinia strobilina,Tedania ignis,and Chondrilla caribensis.A total of 36 yeast morphotypes were isolated and analysed by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal ITS region.Saccharomyces cerevisiae,was isolated from all the samples,comprising the first report of this yeast as a common inhabitant in marine sponges.Other yeasts isolated include the halophilic black yeast,Hortaea werneckii,and an unidentified species belongs to the Sporidiobolales(Basidiomycota).The high isolation frequency of S.cerevisiae from our sponge samples supports the possibility that Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an active member of the sponges’microbial community.
基金Supported by Department of Science and Technology of the Indian Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.SR/S0/AS-57/2004).
文摘Objective:To focus on the isolation and preliminary characterization of marine sponges associated Actinobacteria particularly Streptomyces species and also their antagonistic activities against bacterial and fungal pathogens.Methods:The sponges were collected from Kovalam and Vizhinjam port of south-west coast of Kerala,India.Isolation of strains was carried out from sponge extracts using international Streptomyces project media.For preliminary identification of the strains,morphological(mycelial colouration,soluble pigments,melanoid pigmentation,spore morphology),nutritional uptake(carbon utilisation,amonoacids influence,sodium chloride tolerance),physiological(pH,temperature)and chemotaxonomical characterization were done.Antimicrobial studies were also carried out for the selected strains.Results:With the help of the spicule structures,the collected marine sponges were identified as Callyspongia diffusa,Mycale mytilorum,Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis.Nearly 94 strains were primarily isolated from these sponges and further they were sub-cultured using international Streptomyces project media.The strains exhibited different mycelial colouration(aerial and substrate),soluble and melanoid pigmentations.The strains possessed three types of sporophore morphology namely rectus flexibilis,spiral and retinaculiaperti.Among the 94 isolates,seven exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities with maximal zone of inhibition of 30 mm.The nutritional,physiological and chemotaxonomical characteristic study helped in the conventional identification of the seven strains and they all suggest that the strains to be grouped under the genus Streptomyces.Conclusions:The present study clearly helps in the preliminary identification of the isolates associated with marine sponges.Antagonistic activities prove the production of antimicrobial metabolites against the pathogens.Marine sponges associated Streptomyces are universally well known for their synthesis of many bioactive compounds such as antibiotics,enzymes,enzyme inh
基金Supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Research Council(Grant No.910170)
文摘Objective: To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells.Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata(I. echinata), Dysidea avara,Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifera and Haliclona violacea were collected from the Persian Gulf(Hengam Island). The cytotoxic effect of these sponges was evaluated by using MTT assay. The metabolic high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of I. echinata was also carried out at two wavelengths(254 and 280 nm).Results: Among the sponges tested in this study, the extracts of I. echinata and Dysidea avara possessed the cytotoxic effect on HeLa and PC12 cells. The obtained fractions from high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against the cell lines. The isolated fractions did not show significant cytotoxic properties.Conclusions: I. echinata could be considered as a potential extract for chemotherapy.Further investigation is needed to determine the accuracy of mechanism.
