Magnesium(Mg)alloys have been extensively used in various fields,such as aerospace,automobile,electronics,and biomedical industries,due to their high specific strength and stiff ness,excellent vibration absorption,ele...Magnesium(Mg)alloys have been extensively used in various fields,such as aerospace,automobile,electronics,and biomedical industries,due to their high specific strength and stiff ness,excellent vibration absorption,electromagnetic shielding eff ect,good machinability,and recyclability.Friction stir processing(FSP)is a severe plastic deformation technique,based on the principle of friction stir welding.In addition to introducing the basic principle and advantages of FSP,this paper reviews the studies of FSP in the modification of the cast structure,superplastic deformation behavior,preparation of finegrained Mg alloys and Mg-based surface composites,and additive manufacturing.FSP not only refines,homogenizes,and densifies the microstructure,but also eliminates the cast microstructure defects,breaks up the brittle and network-like phases,and prepares fine-grained,ultrafine-,and nano-grained Mg alloys.Indeed,FSP significantly improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloys and achieves low-temperature and/or high strain rate superplasticity.Furthermore,FSP can produce particle-and fiber-reinforced Mg-based surface composites.As a promising additive manufacturing technique of light metals,FSP enables the additive manufacturing of Mg alloys.Finally,we prospect the future research direction and application with friction stir processed Mg alloys.展开更多
Magnesium alloys remain critical in the context of light-weighting and advanced devices. The increased utilisation of magnesium(Mg)each year reveals growing demand for its Mg-based alloys. Additive manufacturing(AM) p...Magnesium alloys remain critical in the context of light-weighting and advanced devices. The increased utilisation of magnesium(Mg)each year reveals growing demand for its Mg-based alloys. Additive manufacturing(AM) provides the possibility to directly manufacture components in net-shape, providing new possibilities and applications for the use of Mg-alloys, and new prospects in the utilisation of novel physical structures made possible from ‘3D printing’. The review herein seeks to holistically explore the additive manufacturing of Mg-alloys to date, including a synopsis of processes used and properties measured(with a comparison to conventionally prepared Mg-alloys). The challenges and possibilities of AM Mg-alloys are critically elaborated for the field of mechanical metallurgy.展开更多
Synthetic grafting needs improvements to eliminate secondary surgeries for the removal of implants after healing of the defected tissues.Tissue scaffolds are engineered to serve as temporary templates,which support th...Synthetic grafting needs improvements to eliminate secondary surgeries for the removal of implants after healing of the defected tissues.Tissue scaffolds are engineered to serve as temporary templates,which support the affected tissue and gradually degrade through the healing period.Beside mechanical function to withstand the anatomic loading conditions,scaffolds should also provide a decent biological function for the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen to the cells,and excretion of the wastes from the cells to promote the new tissue growth and vascularization.Moreover,the degradation byproducts of the scaffolds should be safe to the human body.Development of such multifunctional scaffolds requires selection of the right material,design,and manufacturing method.Mg has been recognized as the prominent biodegradable metal with regards to its mechanical properties matching to that of human bone,degradability in the body fluid,and its ability to stimulate new tissue growth.Scaffolds with intricate porous structures can be designed according to the patient-specific anatomic data using computer aided designs.Additive manufacturing(AM)is the right method to materialize these models rapidly with reasonably acceptable range of dimensional accuracy.Thus,the recent research trend is to develop ideal scaffolds using biodegradable Mg through AM methods.This review compiles and discusses the available literature on the AM of biodegradable Mg parts from the viewpoints of material compositions,process conditions,formation quality,dimensional accuracy,microstructure,biodegradation,and mechanical properties.The current achievements are summarized together,and future research directions are identified to promote clinical applications of biodegradable Mg through the advancement of AM.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg alloys has become a promising strategy for producing complex structures,but the corrosion performance of AM Mg components remains unexploited.In this study,wire and arc additive manufac...Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg alloys has become a promising strategy for producing complex structures,but the corrosion performance of AM Mg components remains unexploited.In this study,wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)was employed to produce single AZ31 layer.The results revealed that the WAAM AZ31 was characterized by significant grain refinement with non-textured crystallographic orientation,similar phase composition and stabilized corrosion performance comparing to the cast AZ31.These varied corrosion behaviors were principally ascribed to the size of grain,where cast AZ31 and WAAM AZ31 were featured by micro galvanic corrosion and intergranular corrosion,respectively.展开更多
The magnesium matrix composites(MMCs) formed by introducing reinforcements to magnesium alloys overcome the limitations of the mechanical properties to a certain extent, presenting unique and excellent properties that...The magnesium matrix composites(MMCs) formed by introducing reinforcements to magnesium alloys overcome the limitations of the mechanical properties to a certain extent, presenting unique and excellent properties that any component does not have, such as high specific stiffness and specific strength, good dimensional stability, outstanding shock absorption performance, excellent electromagnetic shielding and hydrogen storage characteristics, etc. As an emerging manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing(AM) is based on the design of threedimensional(3D) data model to obtain 3D objects through layer-by-layer processing, which possesses the advantages of short manufacturing cycle, high material utilization rate, high degree of design freedom, excellent mechanical properties and the ability to fabricate complex structural components. Combining the high stiffness and high strength properties of MMCs and the technical advantages of AM forming complex structural parts with high performance, the prepared AM MMCs have huge potential advantages and broad application prospects in new high-tech industries such as automobile, aerospace, consumer electronics and biomedicine, etc. This paper reviews the research progress in the field of AM MMCs, mainly introduces the main AM technologies, including selective laser melting(SLM), electron beam selective melting(EBSM), laser engineered net shaping(LENS) and wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM). The formation mechanism and control methods of the typical defects including balling effect, porosity, poor fusion, loss of alloy elements and cracks produced during AM are discussed. The main challenges of AM MMCs are proposed from the aspects of composition design and the preparation of powder raw material. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties, corrosion performance and biocompatibility of AM MMCs are elaborated in detail. The application potential of AM MMCs in various fields at present and in the future is introduced. Finally, the development展开更多
基金sponsorship from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51574192,51404180,51974220,and U1760201)the Key Industrial Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2017ZDXMGY-037)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.Z20180407)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities(No.2019-2022).
文摘Magnesium(Mg)alloys have been extensively used in various fields,such as aerospace,automobile,electronics,and biomedical industries,due to their high specific strength and stiff ness,excellent vibration absorption,electromagnetic shielding eff ect,good machinability,and recyclability.Friction stir processing(FSP)is a severe plastic deformation technique,based on the principle of friction stir welding.In addition to introducing the basic principle and advantages of FSP,this paper reviews the studies of FSP in the modification of the cast structure,superplastic deformation behavior,preparation of finegrained Mg alloys and Mg-based surface composites,and additive manufacturing.FSP not only refines,homogenizes,and densifies the microstructure,but also eliminates the cast microstructure defects,breaks up the brittle and network-like phases,and prepares fine-grained,ultrafine-,and nano-grained Mg alloys.Indeed,FSP significantly improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloys and achieves low-temperature and/or high strain rate superplasticity.Furthermore,FSP can produce particle-and fiber-reinforced Mg-based surface composites.As a promising additive manufacturing technique of light metals,FSP enables the additive manufacturing of Mg alloys.Finally,we prospect the future research direction and application with friction stir processed Mg alloys.
基金support from Australian National University Futures Schemethe support from the first Singapore-Germany Academic-Industry (2 + 2) international collaboration grant (Grant No.: A1890b0050)。
文摘Magnesium alloys remain critical in the context of light-weighting and advanced devices. The increased utilisation of magnesium(Mg)each year reveals growing demand for its Mg-based alloys. Additive manufacturing(AM) provides the possibility to directly manufacture components in net-shape, providing new possibilities and applications for the use of Mg-alloys, and new prospects in the utilisation of novel physical structures made possible from ‘3D printing’. The review herein seeks to holistically explore the additive manufacturing of Mg-alloys to date, including a synopsis of processes used and properties measured(with a comparison to conventionally prepared Mg-alloys). The challenges and possibilities of AM Mg-alloys are critically elaborated for the field of mechanical metallurgy.
文摘Synthetic grafting needs improvements to eliminate secondary surgeries for the removal of implants after healing of the defected tissues.Tissue scaffolds are engineered to serve as temporary templates,which support the affected tissue and gradually degrade through the healing period.Beside mechanical function to withstand the anatomic loading conditions,scaffolds should also provide a decent biological function for the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen to the cells,and excretion of the wastes from the cells to promote the new tissue growth and vascularization.Moreover,the degradation byproducts of the scaffolds should be safe to the human body.Development of such multifunctional scaffolds requires selection of the right material,design,and manufacturing method.Mg has been recognized as the prominent biodegradable metal with regards to its mechanical properties matching to that of human bone,degradability in the body fluid,and its ability to stimulate new tissue growth.Scaffolds with intricate porous structures can be designed according to the patient-specific anatomic data using computer aided designs.Additive manufacturing(AM)is the right method to materialize these models rapidly with reasonably acceptable range of dimensional accuracy.Thus,the recent research trend is to develop ideal scaffolds using biodegradable Mg through AM methods.This review compiles and discusses the available literature on the AM of biodegradable Mg parts from the viewpoints of material compositions,process conditions,formation quality,dimensional accuracy,microstructure,biodegradation,and mechanical properties.The current achievements are summarized together,and future research directions are identified to promote clinical applications of biodegradable Mg through the advancement of AM.
基金the financial support by National Key Research and Development Project(Grand No.2020YFC1107202)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grand No.2020A1515110754)+3 种基金MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forest and Control in Engineering,Jinan University(Grand No.20200904008)Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(Grand No.2020KTSCX012)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grand No.21620342)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC(Grand No.51775556)。
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg alloys has become a promising strategy for producing complex structures,but the corrosion performance of AM Mg components remains unexploited.In this study,wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)was employed to produce single AZ31 layer.The results revealed that the WAAM AZ31 was characterized by significant grain refinement with non-textured crystallographic orientation,similar phase composition and stabilized corrosion performance comparing to the cast AZ31.These varied corrosion behaviors were principally ascribed to the size of grain,where cast AZ31 and WAAM AZ31 were featured by micro galvanic corrosion and intergranular corrosion,respectively.
基金financially supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program (no.JCKY2021601B203)Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Project (no.YJ0222012)Ningbo Beilun District “Strong Port and Strong District Talent Introduction” Project (no.QG0222002)。
文摘The magnesium matrix composites(MMCs) formed by introducing reinforcements to magnesium alloys overcome the limitations of the mechanical properties to a certain extent, presenting unique and excellent properties that any component does not have, such as high specific stiffness and specific strength, good dimensional stability, outstanding shock absorption performance, excellent electromagnetic shielding and hydrogen storage characteristics, etc. As an emerging manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing(AM) is based on the design of threedimensional(3D) data model to obtain 3D objects through layer-by-layer processing, which possesses the advantages of short manufacturing cycle, high material utilization rate, high degree of design freedom, excellent mechanical properties and the ability to fabricate complex structural components. Combining the high stiffness and high strength properties of MMCs and the technical advantages of AM forming complex structural parts with high performance, the prepared AM MMCs have huge potential advantages and broad application prospects in new high-tech industries such as automobile, aerospace, consumer electronics and biomedicine, etc. This paper reviews the research progress in the field of AM MMCs, mainly introduces the main AM technologies, including selective laser melting(SLM), electron beam selective melting(EBSM), laser engineered net shaping(LENS) and wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM). The formation mechanism and control methods of the typical defects including balling effect, porosity, poor fusion, loss of alloy elements and cracks produced during AM are discussed. The main challenges of AM MMCs are proposed from the aspects of composition design and the preparation of powder raw material. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties, corrosion performance and biocompatibility of AM MMCs are elaborated in detail. The application potential of AM MMCs in various fields at present and in the future is introduced. Finally, the development
