Biology of the aphid Therioaphis maculata was studied on alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, including four resistant （Mesa-Sirsa, CUF101, Baker and Lahontan） and two susceptible （ARC and Caliverde） alfalfa cultivars,...Biology of the aphid Therioaphis maculata was studied on alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, including four resistant （Mesa-Sirsa, CUF101, Baker and Lahontan） and two susceptible （ARC and Caliverde） alfalfa cultivars, and one of the most cropped Brazilian cultivars, Crioula. Under controlled conditions, antibiosis （i.e., reduced longevity, fecundity and increased mortality of the aphid） was observed mainly on the resistant alfalfa cultivars, except on Lahontan. Crioula seemed to be tolerant to aphids. Present data support geographic limitation usage of cultivars, and we suggest Baker and Mesa-Sirsa as sources of antibiosis, and provide biological information of a tropical T. maculata biotype on alfalfa.展开更多
On the High Plains of the USA, herbicides specific for broad-leaf weeds are regularly applied to winter wheat in the early spring, sometimes late enough to coincide with the colonization of fields by cereal aphids and...On the High Plains of the USA, herbicides specific for broad-leaf weeds are regularly applied to winter wheat in the early spring, sometimes late enough to coincide with the colonization of fields by cereal aphids and their natural enemies. We tested the toxicity of three such herbicides, Ally （Dupont）, Rave （Syngenta） and 2,4-D ester （generic）, to neonate larvae of two coccinellid species important in cereal aphid biocontrol, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Gurrin-Mrneville. Topical treatment of larvae with 2,4-D resulted in 25% and 60% mortality in the two species, respectively, with surviving C. maculata larvae experiencing a 5% increase in developmental time. No significant effects were noted for the other two materials, save for a 2.5% increase in developmental time for C. maculata larvae exposed to Rave. No material caused significant mortality in either species when larvae were fed on prey （Schizaphis graminum Rondani） treated with herbicide 24 h earlier, although 2,4-D reduced developmental time slightly in C. maculata. When herbicide applications are delayed enough in spring to coincide with aphid activity in wheat, farmers can reduce the risk of disrupting biological control by selecting an alternative to 2,4-D.展开更多
Euphorbia maculata has long been used for managing different impairments in Asian countries.However,its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative potentialities,along with its potential bioactive compounds r...Euphorbia maculata has long been used for managing different impairments in Asian countries.However,its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative potentialities,along with its potential bioactive compounds remain unexplored.In this context,a bio-a ffinity ultrafiltration strategy was developed to fish out ligand candidates against Cycloxygenase-2(COX-2),Topoisomerase I(Topo I),and TopoisomeraseⅡ(TopoⅡ).Thereafter,lead compounds activities were assessed in silico and in vitro for ascertaining the screening results and forecasting its corresponding activities.As a result,the E.maculata ethyl acetate(EMEA)fraction showed interesting COX-2 inhibition activity with an IC 50 value of 0.67±0.09μg/mL,as well as good growth inhibitions for three malignant cell lines.EMEA chemical fingerprinting was also conducted to enable a tentative identification of 17 compounds,among which,11 were assessed as ligand candidates to COX-2,8 compounds to Topo I,and 10 compounds to TopoⅡ.Dihydromyricetin and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside were revealed to be multipotent compounds which exerted good a ffinity to the three targeted enzymes,and also supported with their molecular docking simulations and in vitro assay validations.The interrelationship between E.maculata’s associated activities(antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative)was revealed with the corresponding multipotent phytochemical active components from this work.It also provided a useful direction for its empirical traditional use and further explorations in the near future.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze genetic variation of ribosomal ITS region sequences in Channa argus, C moculata and C. asiatica, and to in- vestigate the phylogenetic relationship among Charma species based ...[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze genetic variation of ribosomal ITS region sequences in Channa argus, C moculata and C. asiatica, and to in- vestigate the phylogenetic relationship among Charma species based on ITS sequences. [ Method] ITS sequences of three Channa species were amplified by PCR, cloned and assembled to obtain the full length of ITS sequences. [ Result] The full length of ITS sequences of C. argus, C. maculata and C. asiatica was 902, 927, and 902/903 bp, respectively. ITS sequences of C. argus, C. maculata and C. asiatica exhibited higher G ＋ C （72%） than A ＋ T. Interspecific nucleotide differences were significantly greater than intraspecific differences of these three Channa species. Thus, these remarkably differential ITS fragments could be used to identify C. argus, C. maculata and C. asiatica. Phylogenetic tree constructed by Neighbor-joining and Maximum Likehood methods showed that C. argus shared the lowest genetic distance with C. maculata and the highest genetic distance with C. asiatica. [ Conclusion] This study provided reference for classification, i- dentification, phylogenetic analysis and interspecific hybridization of Channa species.展开更多
This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been...This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been obtained detailed data concerning bacterial communities from rhizosphere and inner tissues of young and old tubers. It was done using the biomarker analysis method where the markers were detected by gas chromatography—mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the number of bacterial genera and the bacteria amount (105 - 108 CFU per gram of dry weight) in D. maculata microbial complexes decreases from rhizosphere to old tuber to young. At the same time all three bacterial cenoses closely resemble each other in biodiversity. Their constant members are gg. Hyphomicrobium, Methylococcus, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas (Proteobacteria), Bacillus and Clostridium (Firmicutes), Rhodococcus and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria). There were found differences peculiar to the taxonomic structure of each microbial complex. The rhizosphere is dominated by Actinobacteria while in inner tissues Proteobacteria are prevalent. The bacteria of gg. Ochrobactrum, Xanthomonas, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingobacterium and specific iron reducers were shown to belong to rhizosphere community. Genera of Agrobacterium and Bifidobacterium were found only in the endophytic microbiota of the young tuber while g. Aeromonas展开更多
Basic haematological parameters were studied in adult, sexually mature individuals of colour morphs (striata and maculata) in the populations of Pelophylax ridibundus living in biotopes with various degrees of anthrop...Basic haematological parameters were studied in adult, sexually mature individuals of colour morphs (striata and maculata) in the populations of Pelophylax ridibundus living in biotopes with various degrees of anthropogenic pollution (control, domestic sewage pollution and heavy metal pollution) in Southern Bulgaria. We found that in the polluted biotopes in individuals of both morphs of P. ridibundus the blood parameters: erythrocyte (RBC) and leukocyte (WBS) count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (PCV) were statistically reliably higher, the number of lymphocytes (Ly) decreased, and the parameters: mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV) and differential blood formula changed considerably in comparison with the control group. In terms of anthropogenic pollution, the average values of RBC and Hb were higher in P. ridibundus of striata morph.展开更多
Objective:To assess the nutritions in Mene maculata(Bloch&Schneider,1801)(M.maculata).Methods:Fishes(14-16 cm)were obtained from the landings at Parangipettai for the evaluation of biochemical composition.The pres...Objective:To assess the nutritions in Mene maculata(Bloch&Schneider,1801)(M.maculata).Methods:Fishes(14-16 cm)were obtained from the landings at Parangipettai for the evaluation of biochemical composition.The present study deals with biochemical composition such as protein,carbohydrate,lipid,amino acids fatty acids,vitamins and minerals which were evaluated in the moonfish.Results:protein was high in the tissue(23.16%),followed by the carbohydrate(1.3%)and lipid(2.62%).Totally 20 essential and nonessential amino acids were present at the rate of 46.72%and 43.91%.In the analysis,the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography revealed the presence of higher amount of saturated fatty acid(palmitic acid 22.17%)than monounsaturated fatty acid(oleic acid 14.51%)and polyunsaturated fatty acid(alpha linolenic acid 16.07%).Vitamins were detected in M.maculata.Among them,vitamin A was found in higher levels(124.5 mg/g),whereas vitamin B6 was noticed as lower levels(0.34 mg/g).In the present study,totally 5 macro minerals and 2 trace minerals were reported.The macro mineral calcium(156.7 mg/g)was found at the highest level and other minerals such as sodium(31.98 mg/g),potassium(21.33 mg/g),copper(1.43 mg/g)and magnesium(0.341 mg/g)were also detected in the moonfish.Conclusions:The results of proximate composition in M.maculata showed that the percentage of The result showed that the moonfish M.maculata tissue is a valuable food recipe for human consumption,due to its high quality protein and well-balanced amino acids.展开更多
[Objectives]To make pharmacognostic identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and its related species.[Methods]The classical pharmacognostic identification method was adopted.[Results]The four main medicinal materials ar...[Objectives]To make pharmacognostic identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and its related species.[Methods]The classical pharmacognostic identification method was adopted.[Results]The four main medicinal materials are very similar,the fluff can be seen in E.maculata and Euphorbia thymifolia L.,but not in Euphorbia prostrata Ait.and Euphorbia taihsiensis(Chaw et Koutnik)Oudejians;the tissue structure is basically the same;except for E.taihsiensis without non-glandular hairs,the powder has secretory cells,laticifers,cells,calcium oxalate crystals,fibers,vessels,and seed coat fragments.Through ultrasonic extraction with 80%ethanol,extraction with isobutanol,extending with chloroform∶ethyl acetate∶formic acid(5∶3∶0.3),developing color with 3%aluminum trichloride ethanol solution,under ultraviolet light(365 nm),the fluorescent spots of the same color appeared on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance(quercetin,kaempferol).[Conclusions]It is not easy to distinguish the four medicinal materials by character identification and microscopic identification,while the thin-layer chromatography(TLC)is more reliable.展开更多
文摘Biology of the aphid Therioaphis maculata was studied on alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, including four resistant （Mesa-Sirsa, CUF101, Baker and Lahontan） and two susceptible （ARC and Caliverde） alfalfa cultivars, and one of the most cropped Brazilian cultivars, Crioula. Under controlled conditions, antibiosis （i.e., reduced longevity, fecundity and increased mortality of the aphid） was observed mainly on the resistant alfalfa cultivars, except on Lahontan. Crioula seemed to be tolerant to aphids. Present data support geographic limitation usage of cultivars, and we suggest Baker and Mesa-Sirsa as sources of antibiosis, and provide biological information of a tropical T. maculata biotype on alfalfa.
文摘On the High Plains of the USA, herbicides specific for broad-leaf weeds are regularly applied to winter wheat in the early spring, sometimes late enough to coincide with the colonization of fields by cereal aphids and their natural enemies. We tested the toxicity of three such herbicides, Ally （Dupont）, Rave （Syngenta） and 2,4-D ester （generic）, to neonate larvae of two coccinellid species important in cereal aphid biocontrol, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Gurrin-Mrneville. Topical treatment of larvae with 2,4-D resulted in 25% and 60% mortality in the two species, respectively, with surviving C. maculata larvae experiencing a 5% increase in developmental time. No significant effects were noted for the other two materials, save for a 2.5% increase in developmental time for C. maculata larvae exposed to Rave. No material caused significant mortality in either species when larvae were fed on prey （Schizaphis graminum Rondani） treated with herbicide 24 h earlier, although 2,4-D reduced developmental time slightly in C. maculata. When herbicide applications are delayed enough in spring to coincide with aphid activity in wheat, farmers can reduce the risk of disrupting biological control by selecting an alternative to 2,4-D.
文摘Euphorbia maculata has long been used for managing different impairments in Asian countries.However,its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative potentialities,along with its potential bioactive compounds remain unexplored.In this context,a bio-a ffinity ultrafiltration strategy was developed to fish out ligand candidates against Cycloxygenase-2(COX-2),Topoisomerase I(Topo I),and TopoisomeraseⅡ(TopoⅡ).Thereafter,lead compounds activities were assessed in silico and in vitro for ascertaining the screening results and forecasting its corresponding activities.As a result,the E.maculata ethyl acetate(EMEA)fraction showed interesting COX-2 inhibition activity with an IC 50 value of 0.67±0.09μg/mL,as well as good growth inhibitions for three malignant cell lines.EMEA chemical fingerprinting was also conducted to enable a tentative identification of 17 compounds,among which,11 were assessed as ligand candidates to COX-2,8 compounds to Topo I,and 10 compounds to TopoⅡ.Dihydromyricetin and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside were revealed to be multipotent compounds which exerted good a ffinity to the three targeted enzymes,and also supported with their molecular docking simulations and in vitro assay validations.The interrelationship between E.maculata’s associated activities(antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative)was revealed with the corresponding multipotent phytochemical active components from this work.It also provided a useful direction for its empirical traditional use and further explorations in the near future.
基金Supported by Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform(ZF1206)Special Fund for Agricultural Fine Seed Project in Shandong Province‘Excellent Gene Resource Discovery and Innovative Germplasm Cultivation of Channa argus’Jinan Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Technology System for Conventional Freshwater Fish Industries(CARS-46-37)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze genetic variation of ribosomal ITS region sequences in Channa argus, C moculata and C. asiatica, and to in- vestigate the phylogenetic relationship among Charma species based on ITS sequences. [ Method] ITS sequences of three Channa species were amplified by PCR, cloned and assembled to obtain the full length of ITS sequences. [ Result] The full length of ITS sequences of C. argus, C. maculata and C. asiatica was 902, 927, and 902/903 bp, respectively. ITS sequences of C. argus, C. maculata and C. asiatica exhibited higher G ＋ C （72%） than A ＋ T. Interspecific nucleotide differences were significantly greater than intraspecific differences of these three Channa species. Thus, these remarkably differential ITS fragments could be used to identify C. argus, C. maculata and C. asiatica. Phylogenetic tree constructed by Neighbor-joining and Maximum Likehood methods showed that C. argus shared the lowest genetic distance with C. maculata and the highest genetic distance with C. asiatica. [ Conclusion] This study provided reference for classification, i- dentification, phylogenetic analysis and interspecific hybridization of Channa species.
文摘This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been obtained detailed data concerning bacterial communities from rhizosphere and inner tissues of young and old tubers. It was done using the biomarker analysis method where the markers were detected by gas chromatography—mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the number of bacterial genera and the bacteria amount (105 - 108 CFU per gram of dry weight) in D. maculata microbial complexes decreases from rhizosphere to old tuber to young. At the same time all three bacterial cenoses closely resemble each other in biodiversity. Their constant members are gg. Hyphomicrobium, Methylococcus, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas (Proteobacteria), Bacillus and Clostridium (Firmicutes), Rhodococcus and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria). There were found differences peculiar to the taxonomic structure of each microbial complex. The rhizosphere is dominated by Actinobacteria while in inner tissues Proteobacteria are prevalent. The bacteria of gg. Ochrobactrum, Xanthomonas, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingobacterium and specific iron reducers were shown to belong to rhizosphere community. Genera of Agrobacterium and Bifidobacterium were found only in the endophytic microbiota of the young tuber while g. Aeromonas
文摘Basic haematological parameters were studied in adult, sexually mature individuals of colour morphs (striata and maculata) in the populations of Pelophylax ridibundus living in biotopes with various degrees of anthropogenic pollution (control, domestic sewage pollution and heavy metal pollution) in Southern Bulgaria. We found that in the polluted biotopes in individuals of both morphs of P. ridibundus the blood parameters: erythrocyte (RBC) and leukocyte (WBS) count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (PCV) were statistically reliably higher, the number of lymphocytes (Ly) decreased, and the parameters: mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV) and differential blood formula changed considerably in comparison with the control group. In terms of anthropogenic pollution, the average values of RBC and Hb were higher in P. ridibundus of striata morph.
基金Supported by MoES project,New Delhi,India(Ref.No.36/OOIS/SIBER/07).
文摘Objective:To assess the nutritions in Mene maculata(Bloch&Schneider,1801)(M.maculata).Methods:Fishes(14-16 cm)were obtained from the landings at Parangipettai for the evaluation of biochemical composition.The present study deals with biochemical composition such as protein,carbohydrate,lipid,amino acids fatty acids,vitamins and minerals which were evaluated in the moonfish.Results:protein was high in the tissue(23.16%),followed by the carbohydrate(1.3%)and lipid(2.62%).Totally 20 essential and nonessential amino acids were present at the rate of 46.72%and 43.91%.In the analysis,the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography revealed the presence of higher amount of saturated fatty acid(palmitic acid 22.17%)than monounsaturated fatty acid(oleic acid 14.51%)and polyunsaturated fatty acid(alpha linolenic acid 16.07%).Vitamins were detected in M.maculata.Among them,vitamin A was found in higher levels(124.5 mg/g),whereas vitamin B6 was noticed as lower levels(0.34 mg/g).In the present study,totally 5 macro minerals and 2 trace minerals were reported.The macro mineral calcium(156.7 mg/g)was found at the highest level and other minerals such as sodium(31.98 mg/g),potassium(21.33 mg/g),copper(1.43 mg/g)and magnesium(0.341 mg/g)were also detected in the moonfish.Conclusions:The results of proximate composition in M.maculata showed that the percentage of The result showed that the moonfish M.maculata tissue is a valuable food recipe for human consumption,due to its high quality protein and well-balanced amino acids.
基金Supported by Program of Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Medicine[Gui Ke Ji Zi[2014]No.32]Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(H2014015).
文摘[Objectives]To make pharmacognostic identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and its related species.[Methods]The classical pharmacognostic identification method was adopted.[Results]The four main medicinal materials are very similar,the fluff can be seen in E.maculata and Euphorbia thymifolia L.,but not in Euphorbia prostrata Ait.and Euphorbia taihsiensis(Chaw et Koutnik)Oudejians;the tissue structure is basically the same;except for E.taihsiensis without non-glandular hairs,the powder has secretory cells,laticifers,cells,calcium oxalate crystals,fibers,vessels,and seed coat fragments.Through ultrasonic extraction with 80%ethanol,extraction with isobutanol,extending with chloroform∶ethyl acetate∶formic acid(5∶3∶0.3),developing color with 3%aluminum trichloride ethanol solution,under ultraviolet light(365 nm),the fluorescent spots of the same color appeared on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance(quercetin,kaempferol).[Conclusions]It is not easy to distinguish the four medicinal materials by character identification and microscopic identification,while the thin-layer chromatography(TLC)is more reliable.
