With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by prep...With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by preparation of polymer blends gives rise to new materials with tailored properties. More complex, three-component systems, obtained by the addition of polymeric modifier to polymer filled composites may be of interest. Use of Fly ash cenospheres is very attractive because it is inexpensive and its use can reduce the environmental pollution to a significant extent. In the present study, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly ash cenospheres composites were prepared using extrusion followed by Injection molding. The effect of matrix modification with Methyl methacrylate– acrylonitrile -butadiene–styrene (MABS) on the performance of PMMA- Fly ash cenospheres compositions was also, studied. It was found that with the addition of Fly ash cenospheres particulate as filler in PMMA showed marginal reduction in Tensile Strength, % Elongation and Impact strength and improvement in Flexural Strength, Heat Deflection Temperature and Vicat Softening Point. Compared with PMMA-cenospheres composites, the notched Impact Strength of the PMMA/MABS/cenospheres composites showed marginal enhancement in values at higher loading of cenospheres. The optimum performances in mechanical and thermal properties were obtained when the ratio of MABS to cenospheres was 1:2.展开更多
CD200:CD200R interactions regulate immune responses. Since CD200Rs show extensive homology in their extracellular region, generating anti-CD200R specific antibodies is a challenge. We report below on the generation of...CD200:CD200R interactions regulate immune responses. Since CD200Rs show extensive homology in their extracellular region, generating anti-CD200R specific antibodies is a challenge. We report below on the generation of mAbs specific for murine (m)R1/R2 and evidence that mR2 is expressed on the cell surface in the absence of the adaptor protein Dap12. Despite homology between mR1 and mR4, the unexpected reduction in the molecular mass (i.e. 90kDa vs 48kDa) between the two receptors suggested that the TM and cytoplasmic region of mR4 regulated glycosylation. Substitution of the TM and cytoplasmic region of mR1 and mR2 with that of mR4 reduced glycosylation of the chimeric receptors mR1r4 and mR2r4 implying that these regions regulated the glycosylation of mCD200Rs. In activation experiments, phosphorylation of Dap12 following interaction with CD200 occurred on cells expressing mR2V5 but not mR4V5. Similar experiments with the chimeric receptors mR1r2 and mR1r4 also produced phosphorylation of Dap12. Our data suggest that the TM and cytoplasmic region of mCD200Rs dictate their state of glycosylation and provide further evidence that both mCD200R1 and mCD200R2 bind CD200 as ligand with functional consequences for down-stream signaling.展开更多
Background:The injection of rabies immune globulin(RIG)is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures to rabies-suspect animals.Because of the high cost and limited availability of existing RI...Background:The injection of rabies immune globulin(RIG)is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures to rabies-suspect animals.Because of the high cost and limited availability of existing RIG,one possible replacement for RIG is monoclonal antibodies(MAbs)against the rabies virus(RABV).Consequently,it is necessary to determine the neutralizing activity of the MAbs against rabies viruses,especially street rabies virus.However,the method to detect the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus remains undefined.Methods:To establish a method for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus,we constructed a library consisting of 12 strains of street RABV from 11 provinces in China.Using this street RABV library and the Reed-Muench formula,we established a method for detecting the neutralizing titer of the MAbs.The reliability and repeatability of the method were evaluated by repeatedly measuring the neutralizing activity of a MAb and a post vaccination serum.Results:A total of 12 strains of street RABV were chosen for inclusion in the street RABV library,which covered six Chinese lineages(China I-China VI)and grew to high titers in N2A cells(>105 FFD50/ml).On the basis of the library,we constructed the method to detect the neutralizing activity of the MAbs.The results of repeatedly measuring the MAbs and positive serum showed excellent reliability and repeatability of the method established in this study.Conclusions:This study established a street RABV library reflecting the epidemiological features of Chinese rabies viruses,which provides a platform for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against rabies viruses circulating in China.展开更多
文摘With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by preparation of polymer blends gives rise to new materials with tailored properties. More complex, three-component systems, obtained by the addition of polymeric modifier to polymer filled composites may be of interest. Use of Fly ash cenospheres is very attractive because it is inexpensive and its use can reduce the environmental pollution to a significant extent. In the present study, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly ash cenospheres composites were prepared using extrusion followed by Injection molding. The effect of matrix modification with Methyl methacrylate– acrylonitrile -butadiene–styrene (MABS) on the performance of PMMA- Fly ash cenospheres compositions was also, studied. It was found that with the addition of Fly ash cenospheres particulate as filler in PMMA showed marginal reduction in Tensile Strength, % Elongation and Impact strength and improvement in Flexural Strength, Heat Deflection Temperature and Vicat Softening Point. Compared with PMMA-cenospheres composites, the notched Impact Strength of the PMMA/MABS/cenospheres composites showed marginal enhancement in values at higher loading of cenospheres. The optimum performances in mechanical and thermal properties were obtained when the ratio of MABS to cenospheres was 1:2.
文摘CD200:CD200R interactions regulate immune responses. Since CD200Rs show extensive homology in their extracellular region, generating anti-CD200R specific antibodies is a challenge. We report below on the generation of mAbs specific for murine (m)R1/R2 and evidence that mR2 is expressed on the cell surface in the absence of the adaptor protein Dap12. Despite homology between mR1 and mR4, the unexpected reduction in the molecular mass (i.e. 90kDa vs 48kDa) between the two receptors suggested that the TM and cytoplasmic region of mR4 regulated glycosylation. Substitution of the TM and cytoplasmic region of mR1 and mR2 with that of mR4 reduced glycosylation of the chimeric receptors mR1r4 and mR2r4 implying that these regions regulated the glycosylation of mCD200Rs. In activation experiments, phosphorylation of Dap12 following interaction with CD200 occurred on cells expressing mR2V5 but not mR4V5. Similar experiments with the chimeric receptors mR1r2 and mR1r4 also produced phosphorylation of Dap12. Our data suggest that the TM and cytoplasmic region of mCD200Rs dictate their state of glycosylation and provide further evidence that both mCD200R1 and mCD200R2 bind CD200 as ligand with functional consequences for down-stream signaling.
基金This work was supported by the National Program on Key Research Project of China(No.2016YFD0500400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31500152)the China Mega-Project for Infectious Disease(No.2017ZX10104001–004-001).
文摘Background:The injection of rabies immune globulin(RIG)is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures to rabies-suspect animals.Because of the high cost and limited availability of existing RIG,one possible replacement for RIG is monoclonal antibodies(MAbs)against the rabies virus(RABV).Consequently,it is necessary to determine the neutralizing activity of the MAbs against rabies viruses,especially street rabies virus.However,the method to detect the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus remains undefined.Methods:To establish a method for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus,we constructed a library consisting of 12 strains of street RABV from 11 provinces in China.Using this street RABV library and the Reed-Muench formula,we established a method for detecting the neutralizing titer of the MAbs.The reliability and repeatability of the method were evaluated by repeatedly measuring the neutralizing activity of a MAb and a post vaccination serum.Results:A total of 12 strains of street RABV were chosen for inclusion in the street RABV library,which covered six Chinese lineages(China I-China VI)and grew to high titers in N2A cells(>105 FFD50/ml).On the basis of the library,we constructed the method to detect the neutralizing activity of the MAbs.The results of repeatedly measuring the MAbs and positive serum showed excellent reliability and repeatability of the method established in this study.Conclusions:This study established a street RABV library reflecting the epidemiological features of Chinese rabies viruses,which provides a platform for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against rabies viruses circulating in China.
