Hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis(HPA) was described as a clinical entity from Kashmir,India in 1985. HPA is caused by invasion and migration of nematode,Ascaris lumbricoides,in to the biliary tract and pancreat...Hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis(HPA) was described as a clinical entity from Kashmir,India in 1985. HPA is caused by invasion and migration of nematode,Ascaris lumbricoides,in to the biliary tract and pancreatic duct. Patients present with biliary colic,cholangitis,cholecystitis,hepatic abscesses and acute pancreatitis. Ascarides traverse the ducts repeatedly,get trapped and die,leading to formation of hepatolithiasis. HPA is ubiquitous in endemic regions and in Kashmir,one such region,HPA is the etiological factor for 36.7%,23%,14.5% and 12.5% of all biliary diseases,acute pancreatitis,liver abscesses and biliary lithiasis respectively. Ultrasonography is an excellent diagnostic tool in visualizing worms in gut lumen and ductal system. The rational treatment for HPA is to give appropriate treatment for clinical syndromes along with effective anthelmintic therapy. Endotherapy in HPA is indicated if patients continue to have symptoms on medical therapy or when worms do not move out of ductal lumen by 3 wk or die within the ducts. The worms can be removed from the ductal system in most of the patients and such patients get regression of symptoms of hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease.展开更多
Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), the soil-transmitted helminth is the most prevalent parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract in developing countries. Heavy worm loads mainly due to untreated worm infe...Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), the soil-transmitted helminth is the most prevalent parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract in developing countries. Heavy worm loads mainly due to untreated worm infestations are often associated with increased risk of severe sequelae. We report the first complicated case of A. lumbricoides causing small bowel obstruction in a 9-year-old boy that necessitated surgical intervention on a tropical island in the Indian Ocean, where cases of Ascariasis are rarely encountered.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Ascariasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections worldwide. In some rare cases,ascariasis may cause serious consequences even sudden death. This study was undertaken to review the life-threat...BACKGROUND:Ascariasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections worldwide. In some rare cases,ascariasis may cause serious consequences even sudden death. This study was undertaken to review the life-threatening complications of ascariasis in trauma patients reported in the literature.DATA SOURCES:Relevant articles about ascariasis and trauma were searched from Pubmed,Google scholar,Scirus,and Wanfang databases.RESULTS:Twenty-four patients with ascariasis were collected from 21 articles searched. Most of these patients were from tropical and subtropical countries. Of the 24 patients,12 were children. Their major complications occurred in the airway passage and digestive tract. There were 3 fatal cases in these patients. Twelve of the 24 patients described in 10 articles were reported in the last 10 years.CONCLUSIONS:Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are essential to minimize the high morbidity and mortality of these serious complications in trauma patients. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of Ascaris infection in a trauma patient from endemic area of ascariasis. History of Ascaris infection and routine examination of feces for Ascaris eggs may be helpful to make a correct diagnosis.展开更多
Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides ) is the most common intestinal roundworm parasite, infecting approximately one quarter of the world's population. Infection can lead to various complications because it can s...Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides ) is the most common intestinal roundworm parasite, infecting approximately one quarter of the world's population. Infection can lead to various complications because it can spread along the gastrointestinal tract. Although A. lumbricoides infection is a serious healthcare issue in developing countries, it now also has a worldwide distribution as a result of increased immigration and travel. Intestinal obstruction is the most common complication of A. lumbricoides infection, potentially leading to even more serious consequences such as small bowel perforation and peritonitis. Diagnosis is based primarily on stool samples and the patient's history. Early diagnosis, aided in part by knowledge of the local prevalence, can result in early treatment, thereby preventing surgical complications associated with intestinal obstruction. Further, delay in diagnosis may have fatal consequences. Capsule endoscopy can serve as a crucial, non-invasive diagnostic toolfor A. lumbricoides infection, especially when other diagnostic methods have failed to detect the parasite. We report a case of A. lumbricoides infection that resulted in intestinal obstruction at the level of the ileum. Both stool sample examination and open surgery failed to indicate the presence of A. lumbricoides, and the cause of the obstruction was only revealed by capsule endoscopy. The patient was treated with anthelmintics.展开更多
Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest intestinal nematode parasite of man,which can lead to various complications because of its mobility.As the esophagus is not normal habitat of Ascaris,the report of esophageal ascari...Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest intestinal nematode parasite of man,which can lead to various complications because of its mobility.As the esophagus is not normal habitat of Ascaris,the report of esophageal ascariasis is rare.An old female presented with dysphagia after an intake of several red bean buns and haw jellies.The barium meal examination revealed a spherical defect in the lower esophagus.Esophageal bezoar or esophageal carcinoma was considered at the beginning.The patient fasted,and received fluid replacement treatment as well as some oral drugs such as proton pump inhibitor and sodium bicarbonate.Then upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done to further confirm the diagnosis and found a live Ascaris lumbricoides in the gastric antrum and two in the duodenal bulb.The conclusive diagnosis was ascariasis.The esophageal space-occupying lesion might be the entangled worm bolus.Anthelmitnic treatment with mebendazole improved patient's clinical manifestations along with normalization of the radiological findings during a 2-wk follow-up.Authors report herein this rare case of Ascaris lumbricoides in the esophagus,emphasizing the importance of awareness of this parasitic infection as it often presents with different and unspecific symptoms.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides(A.lumbricoides) in the North-Western Indonesia.Methods: 229 primary school children who w...Objective:To investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides(A.lumbricoides) in the North-Western Indonesia.Methods: 229 primary school children who were positive for A.lumbricoides in their stool were recruited in the study.123 children received single-dose of 400 mg albendazole and 106 children received single-dose 500 mg of mebendazole.After 1 week,their stools were examined for the cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate(ERR).Egg culture was also performed and observation was made on week-1,-3,-4.Results:have shown a non-significant difference in CR 96.7%vs.100%:and ERR of 99.3%vs.100.0%for albendazole and mebendazole groups respectively(P】0.05).In-vitro egg culture has shown trends of decrease in the percentage of the unfertilized eggs and in≥2 cell eggs in both treatment groups(P【0.05).The embryonated eggs from the albendazole groups has shown an increase from 7.3%on week-1 to 13.8%on week-4,whilst the mebendazole group has shown a constant increase during the whole 4 weeks of culture from 7.5%to 28.3%(P【0.01). Conclusions:No evidence of drug resistance is noted so far from the area of North-Western part of Indonesia.In addition,although both drugs showed incomplete ovicidal effects,single-dose albendazole is better than mebendazole in sterilizing A.lumbricoides eggs.展开更多
Introduction: A study on the current status of parasitic intestinal helminthes and the efficacy of anthelmintic drug was carried out among primary school pupils at Community Primary School Ogurugu, Uzo-Uwani Local Gov...Introduction: A study on the current status of parasitic intestinal helminthes and the efficacy of anthelmintic drug was carried out among primary school pupils at Community Primary School Ogurugu, Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area, Enugu State. Objectives: The research was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of human intestinal helminthes among primary school pupils, and also to determine the prevalence in relation to age and sex, and to check the efficacy of anthelmintic drug (Levamisole) on the worms, in Ogurugu Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 242 faecal samples were collected randomly from the school children and analyzed using standard parasitological procedures. Results: Data obtained showed an overall prevalence of 143 (59.1%) out of 242 samples and that the efficacy of anthelmintic drug Ergamisole? (Levamisole R12564;Unicure Pvt.ltd India) 50 mg in reducing the worm burden was 99 (82.5%) in 120 samples treated. Age related prevalence and efficacy of anthelmintic varied across the sample groups. There was no significant difference in sex related infections in the sample group (P > 0.5). The efficacy of the drug reduces with the increase in age. Also the efficacy of Levamisole drug in reducing the worm burden were hookworm 59 (89.5%), Ascaris 24 (85.7%), Trichuris 26 (78.6%) while Taenia and Strongyloides showed drug resistance. This indicates that a single dose of the medication is not enough for total elimination of these endo parasites. Conclusion: The study revealed that poor hygienic practices as well as unsanitary conditions were responsible for high prevalence recorded in the area, and advocated health education through primary health care and mass deworming of primary school children as control measures.展开更多
Ascaris lumbricoides infection is rare among children in developed countries.Although large numbers of adult Ascaris in the small intestine can cause various abdominal symptoms,this infection remains asymptomatic unti...Ascaris lumbricoides infection is rare among children in developed countries.Although large numbers of adult Ascaris in the small intestine can cause various abdominal symptoms,this infection remains asymptomatic until the number of worms in the intestine considerably increases in most cases.Ascaris causing bilious vomiting suggesting ileus is rare,especially in developed countries.A 6-year-old boy who lived in Japan,presented with abdominal colic,bilious vomiting at the pediatric emergency room.He appeared pale,and had no abdominal distention,tenderness,palpable abdominal mass,or findings of dehydration.He experienced bilious vomiting again during a physical examination.Laboratory tests showed mild elevation of white blood cells and C-reactive protein levels.Antigens of adenovirus,rotavirus,and norovirus were not detected from his stool,and stool culture showed normal flora.Ultrasonography showed multiple,round-shaped structures within the small intestine,and a tubular structure in a longitudinal scan of the small intestine.Capsule endoscopy showed a moving worm of Ascaris in the jejunum.Intestinal ascariasis should be considered as a cause of bilious vomiting in children,even at the emergency room in industrial countries.Ultrasound examination and capsule endoscopy are useful for diagnosis of pediatric intestinal ascariasis.展开更多
In order to provide further evidence to prove that Ascaris suum Goeze,1782 and Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus,1758 are really different species in taxonomy,and to identity A.suum larval migrans-related genes for diagno...In order to provide further evidence to prove that Ascaris suum Goeze,1782 and Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus,1758 are really different species in taxonomy,and to identity A.suum larval migrans-related genes for diagnosis and prevention use,A.suum genes that were differentialy expressed from the same gender of A.lumbricoides were enriched by subtracting the same expressed genes using suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） assay.Specificity of the selectively enriched cDNA was verified by Southern blot analysis.The female A.suum specific cDNA library was then constructed and sequenced.Basic local alignment search tool （BLAST） analysis of female A.suum specific cDNA identified 6 specific ESTs with tentative functions related to larva migrans.This study provided further evidence for differentiating A.suum from A.lumbricoides.Mining for the detailed information and application of the 6 ESTs are worth being done in the future studies.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of enteric parasite contamination on hands and the potential role naturally contaminated hands may have in their transmission. METHODS: Prior to initiating the survey, the protocol w...AIM: To investigate the prevalence of enteric parasite contamination on hands and the potential role naturally contaminated hands may have in their transmission. METHODS: Prior to initiating the survey, the protocol was reviewed and approved by respective Institutional Review Boards of each survey site(Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kolkata, India). Both stool and corresponding hand wash samples collected, were analyzed for the presence of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts employing conventional microscopy coupled with permanent staining techniques. Additionally molecular approachessuch as polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of enteric parasites recovered from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples, were also used to further confirm their identity. RESULTS: A total of 972 stool samples were collected from both sites surveyed(300 volunteers from Kolkata, India and 672 from Dhaka, Bangladesh). Parasitic analysis revealed, 113(38%) from Kolkata, India and 267(40%) of stool samples from Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. When the corresponding hand wash samples were analyzed, 43(14%) stool-positive volunteers in Kolkata, India and 47(7%) in Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. Ascaris lumbricoides(A. lumbricoides) ova and Giardia lamblia(G. lamblia) cysts predominated in hands wash samples from both sites surveyed(from India, A. lumbricoides ova, 53%; G. lamblia cysts 31% and from Bangladesh, A. lumbricoides ova, 47%; G. lamblia cysts 19%). Genotypic analysis of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts obtained from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples taken from the same person were found to be identical. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a possible role of hands contaminated with enteric parasites' ova/(oo)cysts in the transmission of these parasites highlighting another role of hand hygiene/proper hand washing in reducing the disease burden in low socioeconomic communities.展开更多
Anemia in children is defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dl for children (0.5-5.0 yrs) and12 g/dl for teens (12-15 yrs). 4 ml of venous blood sample was collected in EDTA...Anemia in children is defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dl for children (0.5-5.0 yrs) and12 g/dl for teens (12-15 yrs). 4 ml of venous blood sample was collected in EDTA container. Of the total of three hundred and thirty four (334) subjects, one hundred and fifty two (152) were Females and one hundred and eighty two (182) were Males. Intestinal parasite assessment was done by Direct Smear technique and Formol-Ether concentration methods. Hemoglobin concentration was analyzed using Cyanmethaemoglobin method. Thirty (30) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides (single infestation), Ninety Five (95) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworm (Double infestation) and Forty Two (42) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica and Trichuris trichiura (Multiple infestation). The Mean ± Standard Deviation of Hemoglobin concentration of the various infestation types against the control subject shows a statistically significant decrease展开更多
Objective:To assess women’s perceptions and risk factors that could expose them to intestinal parasitic infections in Makurdi,Benue State.Nigeria.Methods:A total of 750 faecal samples were collected from women at dif...Objective:To assess women’s perceptions and risk factors that could expose them to intestinal parasitic infections in Makurdi,Benue State.Nigeria.Methods:A total of 750 faecal samples were collected from women at different reproductive stages(pre-menstrual.menstrual and post-menstrual), and the faeces were tested by the formol ether concentration technique.Results:A total of 426(56.8%) samples were found positive for various intestinal parasites with hookworm (4.8%),Ascaris lumbricoides(9.3%),Taenia sp(2.1%),Entamoeba histolytica(18.9%) and Entamoeba coli(21.6%).Women at pre-menstrual and post-menstrual stages recorded higher prevalence rates with 72.8%and 63.9%,respectively.No significant difference in prevalence was observed between women at different reproductive stages and women infected by different parasites(χ~2=30.6.P】 0.05).Sweet things,rotten fruits and improperly cooked meat were perceived as the causes of intestinal parasitic infections among the pre and post menstrual women.Sources of drinking water like river,well,water bought from vendors and patronizing food vendors were observed as risk factors contributing to the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among women.Factors like not washing hands before eating and after defaecation,use of leaves and ordinary papers for cleaning after defaecation were also observed to be contributing to the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.Conclusions:Persuasive health education and rigorous hygiene measures should be employed in schools,maternity clinics and among the populace to reduce transmission and infection with intestinal parasites.展开更多
A total of 309 cases infected with ascariasis and trichuriasis were selected as subjects, of whom 177 cases received mebendazole tablet 500mg/d for the treatment of ascariasis and trichuriais,132 cases received mebend...A total of 309 cases infected with ascariasis and trichuriasis were selected as subjects, of whom 177 cases received mebendazole tablet 500mg/d for the treatment of ascariasis and trichuriais,132 cases received mebendazole tablet 200mg/d for three days, Before and after the treatment, all the patients' feces were examined with Kato's technique, the results indicated that the cure rate of ascariasis was 71. 4% (70/98) in the experiment group and 78. 6% (66/84) in the control group respectively; There was no difference between the two groups (P > 0. 05 ). The cure rate of trichuriasis infection was 87. 5% (14/16 ) in the experimental group and 93. 3% (14/15 ) in the control group;There was also no difference between the two groups (P= 0. 401 ). But the cure rate of mixed infection of ascariasis and trichuriasis was 54. 0% (34/63) and 75. 8% (25/33) respectively; The cure rate of the experimental group was apparently lower than the that of the control group (P < 0. 05 ). The average reduced rate of egg count in per gram feces (E,P, G ) for ascariasis infection was 63. 6% (14/22) in the experimental group and 93. 8% (15/16) in the control group. In conclusion, to treat ascariasis and trichuriasis infection with mebendazole tablet should be used the three-day therapy with a total dose of 600mg or 1200mg.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the cytokines pr of ile in the serum of some Nigerian children with Ascaris lumbricoides(A.lumbricoides) infection and relations between the intensity of infection, age and the concentration o...Objective:To investigate the cytokines pr of ile in the serum of some Nigerian children with Ascaris lumbricoides(A.lumbricoides) infection and relations between the intensity of infection, age and the concentration of these cytokines.Methods:Feacal samples from consenting children were examined using formol ether concentration techniques and Kato-Katz thick smear technique.Sera of 96 children comprising 76 A.lumbricoides infection and 20 controls were subjected to enzymes-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The mean sera concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin- 10(IL-10) were(16.7±7.6) pg/mL,(4.6±0.8)pg/mL,(391.6±52.0) pg/mL and(181.2±30.4) pg/mL,respectively.The control subjects had the following mean serum cytokines:TNF-α(2.9±1.8) pg/m,IL-4(4.0±0.1) pg/mL,IL-5(125.1±50.1) pg/mL,IL-10(74.5±54.2) pg/ mL,respectively.The difference between the sera cytokines concentration of the A.lumbricoides infected children and their controls were statistically significant for TNF-α,IL- 5 and IL-10(χ~2= 9.99,P【 0.05;χ~2 = 137.24,P 【 0.05;χ~2 = 44.30,P 【 0.05,respectively). The intensity of infection correlated positively with TNF-α,and IL-5(r = 0.93 and 0.98, respectively) while IL-4 and IL- 10 correlated negatively with the intensity of infection(r = -0.62 and 0.99,respectively).TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-5 correlated positively with age(r = 0.19,0.33 and 0.66,respectively).The mean cytokines between those with mild and moderate infections were statistically significant for TNF-α,IL-5 and IL-10(χ~2 = 3.60,4.52 and 5.30, respectively).The ratio of TNF-α:IL-10 was 0.092.Conclusions:Elevated IL-5,IL-10 and TNF-αfound in the sera of the volunteers with Ascariasis implicates these cytokines as key mediators in the host responses to A.lumbriocoides infection in our studied area.展开更多
The aim of this study is to determine the Socio Economic Status and Red Blood Cell Hemoglobin concentration alteration in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients attending Diabetic Clinic in Benin City, Nigeria. The sample ...The aim of this study is to determine the Socio Economic Status and Red Blood Cell Hemoglobin concentration alteration in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients attending Diabetic Clinic in Benin City, Nigeria. The sample population consists of 142 subjects, 71 of patients were known in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus already on drugs and were confirmed to be Diabetic using Glucose oxidase method while the other 71 subjects were age matched apparently healthy control subject on routine check up, they were confirmed to be non Diabetic using the Glucose oxidase method. Hemoglobin concentrations were done using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. Those under the low income Socio-Economic status had the highest incidence of type 2 Diabetes mellitus (49%) of the Diabetic population, closely followed by the middle income Socio-Economic status (35%) of the Diabetic populations. The Mean ± S.D of Hemoglobin concentration of control subjects against Mean ± S.D of Hemoglobin concentration of the various Socio-Economic status of Males and Females type 2 Diabetes mellitus patient show a statistically significant decrease展开更多
基金Supported by Dr.Khuroo’s Medical Trust,a nonprofit organization which supports academic activities,disseminates medical education and helps poor patients for medical treatment
文摘Hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis(HPA) was described as a clinical entity from Kashmir,India in 1985. HPA is caused by invasion and migration of nematode,Ascaris lumbricoides,in to the biliary tract and pancreatic duct. Patients present with biliary colic,cholangitis,cholecystitis,hepatic abscesses and acute pancreatitis. Ascarides traverse the ducts repeatedly,get trapped and die,leading to formation of hepatolithiasis. HPA is ubiquitous in endemic regions and in Kashmir,one such region,HPA is the etiological factor for 36.7%,23%,14.5% and 12.5% of all biliary diseases,acute pancreatitis,liver abscesses and biliary lithiasis respectively. Ultrasonography is an excellent diagnostic tool in visualizing worms in gut lumen and ductal system. The rational treatment for HPA is to give appropriate treatment for clinical syndromes along with effective anthelmintic therapy. Endotherapy in HPA is indicated if patients continue to have symptoms on medical therapy or when worms do not move out of ductal lumen by 3 wk or die within the ducts. The worms can be removed from the ductal system in most of the patients and such patients get regression of symptoms of hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease.
文摘Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), the soil-transmitted helminth is the most prevalent parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract in developing countries. Heavy worm loads mainly due to untreated worm infestations are often associated with increased risk of severe sequelae. We report the first complicated case of A. lumbricoides causing small bowel obstruction in a 9-year-old boy that necessitated surgical intervention on a tropical island in the Indian Ocean, where cases of Ascariasis are rarely encountered.
文摘BACKGROUND:Ascariasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections worldwide. In some rare cases,ascariasis may cause serious consequences even sudden death. This study was undertaken to review the life-threatening complications of ascariasis in trauma patients reported in the literature.DATA SOURCES:Relevant articles about ascariasis and trauma were searched from Pubmed,Google scholar,Scirus,and Wanfang databases.RESULTS:Twenty-four patients with ascariasis were collected from 21 articles searched. Most of these patients were from tropical and subtropical countries. Of the 24 patients,12 were children. Their major complications occurred in the airway passage and digestive tract. There were 3 fatal cases in these patients. Twelve of the 24 patients described in 10 articles were reported in the last 10 years.CONCLUSIONS:Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are essential to minimize the high morbidity and mortality of these serious complications in trauma patients. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of Ascaris infection in a trauma patient from endemic area of ascariasis. History of Ascaris infection and routine examination of feces for Ascaris eggs may be helpful to make a correct diagnosis.
文摘Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides ) is the most common intestinal roundworm parasite, infecting approximately one quarter of the world's population. Infection can lead to various complications because it can spread along the gastrointestinal tract. Although A. lumbricoides infection is a serious healthcare issue in developing countries, it now also has a worldwide distribution as a result of increased immigration and travel. Intestinal obstruction is the most common complication of A. lumbricoides infection, potentially leading to even more serious consequences such as small bowel perforation and peritonitis. Diagnosis is based primarily on stool samples and the patient's history. Early diagnosis, aided in part by knowledge of the local prevalence, can result in early treatment, thereby preventing surgical complications associated with intestinal obstruction. Further, delay in diagnosis may have fatal consequences. Capsule endoscopy can serve as a crucial, non-invasive diagnostic toolfor A. lumbricoides infection, especially when other diagnostic methods have failed to detect the parasite. We report a case of A. lumbricoides infection that resulted in intestinal obstruction at the level of the ileum. Both stool sample examination and open surgery failed to indicate the presence of A. lumbricoides, and the cause of the obstruction was only revealed by capsule endoscopy. The patient was treated with anthelmintics.
文摘Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest intestinal nematode parasite of man,which can lead to various complications because of its mobility.As the esophagus is not normal habitat of Ascaris,the report of esophageal ascariasis is rare.An old female presented with dysphagia after an intake of several red bean buns and haw jellies.The barium meal examination revealed a spherical defect in the lower esophagus.Esophageal bezoar or esophageal carcinoma was considered at the beginning.The patient fasted,and received fluid replacement treatment as well as some oral drugs such as proton pump inhibitor and sodium bicarbonate.Then upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done to further confirm the diagnosis and found a live Ascaris lumbricoides in the gastric antrum and two in the duodenal bulb.The conclusive diagnosis was ascariasis.The esophageal space-occupying lesion might be the entangled worm bolus.Anthelmitnic treatment with mebendazole improved patient's clinical manifestations along with normalization of the radiological findings during a 2-wk follow-up.Authors report herein this rare case of Ascaris lumbricoides in the esophagus,emphasizing the importance of awareness of this parasitic infection as it often presents with different and unspecific symptoms.
文摘Objective:To investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides(A.lumbricoides) in the North-Western Indonesia.Methods: 229 primary school children who were positive for A.lumbricoides in their stool were recruited in the study.123 children received single-dose of 400 mg albendazole and 106 children received single-dose 500 mg of mebendazole.After 1 week,their stools were examined for the cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate(ERR).Egg culture was also performed and observation was made on week-1,-3,-4.Results:have shown a non-significant difference in CR 96.7%vs.100%:and ERR of 99.3%vs.100.0%for albendazole and mebendazole groups respectively(P】0.05).In-vitro egg culture has shown trends of decrease in the percentage of the unfertilized eggs and in≥2 cell eggs in both treatment groups(P【0.05).The embryonated eggs from the albendazole groups has shown an increase from 7.3%on week-1 to 13.8%on week-4,whilst the mebendazole group has shown a constant increase during the whole 4 weeks of culture from 7.5%to 28.3%(P【0.01). Conclusions:No evidence of drug resistance is noted so far from the area of North-Western part of Indonesia.In addition,although both drugs showed incomplete ovicidal effects,single-dose albendazole is better than mebendazole in sterilizing A.lumbricoides eggs.
文摘Introduction: A study on the current status of parasitic intestinal helminthes and the efficacy of anthelmintic drug was carried out among primary school pupils at Community Primary School Ogurugu, Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area, Enugu State. Objectives: The research was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of human intestinal helminthes among primary school pupils, and also to determine the prevalence in relation to age and sex, and to check the efficacy of anthelmintic drug (Levamisole) on the worms, in Ogurugu Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 242 faecal samples were collected randomly from the school children and analyzed using standard parasitological procedures. Results: Data obtained showed an overall prevalence of 143 (59.1%) out of 242 samples and that the efficacy of anthelmintic drug Ergamisole? (Levamisole R12564;Unicure Pvt.ltd India) 50 mg in reducing the worm burden was 99 (82.5%) in 120 samples treated. Age related prevalence and efficacy of anthelmintic varied across the sample groups. There was no significant difference in sex related infections in the sample group (P > 0.5). The efficacy of the drug reduces with the increase in age. Also the efficacy of Levamisole drug in reducing the worm burden were hookworm 59 (89.5%), Ascaris 24 (85.7%), Trichuris 26 (78.6%) while Taenia and Strongyloides showed drug resistance. This indicates that a single dose of the medication is not enough for total elimination of these endo parasites. Conclusion: The study revealed that poor hygienic practices as well as unsanitary conditions were responsible for high prevalence recorded in the area, and advocated health education through primary health care and mass deworming of primary school children as control measures.
文摘Ascaris lumbricoides infection is rare among children in developed countries.Although large numbers of adult Ascaris in the small intestine can cause various abdominal symptoms,this infection remains asymptomatic until the number of worms in the intestine considerably increases in most cases.Ascaris causing bilious vomiting suggesting ileus is rare,especially in developed countries.A 6-year-old boy who lived in Japan,presented with abdominal colic,bilious vomiting at the pediatric emergency room.He appeared pale,and had no abdominal distention,tenderness,palpable abdominal mass,or findings of dehydration.He experienced bilious vomiting again during a physical examination.Laboratory tests showed mild elevation of white blood cells and C-reactive protein levels.Antigens of adenovirus,rotavirus,and norovirus were not detected from his stool,and stool culture showed normal flora.Ultrasonography showed multiple,round-shaped structures within the small intestine,and a tubular structure in a longitudinal scan of the small intestine.Capsule endoscopy showed a moving worm of Ascaris in the jejunum.Intestinal ascariasis should be considered as a cause of bilious vomiting in children,even at the emergency room in industrial countries.Ultrasound examination and capsule endoscopy are useful for diagnosis of pediatric intestinal ascariasis.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Fundation (2004035591)the China National Science Funds for Distingusied Young Scientists (30225033)
文摘In order to provide further evidence to prove that Ascaris suum Goeze,1782 and Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus,1758 are really different species in taxonomy,and to identity A.suum larval migrans-related genes for diagnosis and prevention use,A.suum genes that were differentialy expressed from the same gender of A.lumbricoides were enriched by subtracting the same expressed genes using suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） assay.Specificity of the selectively enriched cDNA was verified by Southern blot analysis.The female A.suum specific cDNA library was then constructed and sequenced.Basic local alignment search tool （BLAST） analysis of female A.suum specific cDNA identified 6 specific ESTs with tentative functions related to larva migrans.This study provided further evidence for differentiating A.suum from A.lumbricoides.Mining for the detailed information and application of the 6 ESTs are worth being done in the future studies.
基金Supported by President’s Award,Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York and Reckitt Benckiser LLC,New Jersey,United States
文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence of enteric parasite contamination on hands and the potential role naturally contaminated hands may have in their transmission. METHODS: Prior to initiating the survey, the protocol was reviewed and approved by respective Institutional Review Boards of each survey site(Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kolkata, India). Both stool and corresponding hand wash samples collected, were analyzed for the presence of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts employing conventional microscopy coupled with permanent staining techniques. Additionally molecular approachessuch as polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of enteric parasites recovered from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples, were also used to further confirm their identity. RESULTS: A total of 972 stool samples were collected from both sites surveyed(300 volunteers from Kolkata, India and 672 from Dhaka, Bangladesh). Parasitic analysis revealed, 113(38%) from Kolkata, India and 267(40%) of stool samples from Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. When the corresponding hand wash samples were analyzed, 43(14%) stool-positive volunteers in Kolkata, India and 47(7%) in Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. Ascaris lumbricoides(A. lumbricoides) ova and Giardia lamblia(G. lamblia) cysts predominated in hands wash samples from both sites surveyed(from India, A. lumbricoides ova, 53%; G. lamblia cysts 31% and from Bangladesh, A. lumbricoides ova, 47%; G. lamblia cysts 19%). Genotypic analysis of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts obtained from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples taken from the same person were found to be identical. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a possible role of hands contaminated with enteric parasites' ova/(oo)cysts in the transmission of these parasites highlighting another role of hand hygiene/proper hand washing in reducing the disease burden in low socioeconomic communities.
文摘Anemia in children is defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dl for children (0.5-5.0 yrs) and12 g/dl for teens (12-15 yrs). 4 ml of venous blood sample was collected in EDTA container. Of the total of three hundred and thirty four (334) subjects, one hundred and fifty two (152) were Females and one hundred and eighty two (182) were Males. Intestinal parasite assessment was done by Direct Smear technique and Formol-Ether concentration methods. Hemoglobin concentration was analyzed using Cyanmethaemoglobin method. Thirty (30) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides (single infestation), Ninety Five (95) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworm (Double infestation) and Forty Two (42) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica and Trichuris trichiura (Multiple infestation). The Mean ± Standard Deviation of Hemoglobin concentration of the various infestation types against the control subject shows a statistically significant decrease
文摘Objective:To assess women’s perceptions and risk factors that could expose them to intestinal parasitic infections in Makurdi,Benue State.Nigeria.Methods:A total of 750 faecal samples were collected from women at different reproductive stages(pre-menstrual.menstrual and post-menstrual), and the faeces were tested by the formol ether concentration technique.Results:A total of 426(56.8%) samples were found positive for various intestinal parasites with hookworm (4.8%),Ascaris lumbricoides(9.3%),Taenia sp(2.1%),Entamoeba histolytica(18.9%) and Entamoeba coli(21.6%).Women at pre-menstrual and post-menstrual stages recorded higher prevalence rates with 72.8%and 63.9%,respectively.No significant difference in prevalence was observed between women at different reproductive stages and women infected by different parasites(χ~2=30.6.P】 0.05).Sweet things,rotten fruits and improperly cooked meat were perceived as the causes of intestinal parasitic infections among the pre and post menstrual women.Sources of drinking water like river,well,water bought from vendors and patronizing food vendors were observed as risk factors contributing to the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among women.Factors like not washing hands before eating and after defaecation,use of leaves and ordinary papers for cleaning after defaecation were also observed to be contributing to the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.Conclusions:Persuasive health education and rigorous hygiene measures should be employed in schools,maternity clinics and among the populace to reduce transmission and infection with intestinal parasites.
文摘A total of 309 cases infected with ascariasis and trichuriasis were selected as subjects, of whom 177 cases received mebendazole tablet 500mg/d for the treatment of ascariasis and trichuriais,132 cases received mebendazole tablet 200mg/d for three days, Before and after the treatment, all the patients' feces were examined with Kato's technique, the results indicated that the cure rate of ascariasis was 71. 4% (70/98) in the experiment group and 78. 6% (66/84) in the control group respectively; There was no difference between the two groups (P > 0. 05 ). The cure rate of trichuriasis infection was 87. 5% (14/16 ) in the experimental group and 93. 3% (14/15 ) in the control group;There was also no difference between the two groups (P= 0. 401 ). But the cure rate of mixed infection of ascariasis and trichuriasis was 54. 0% (34/63) and 75. 8% (25/33) respectively; The cure rate of the experimental group was apparently lower than the that of the control group (P < 0. 05 ). The average reduced rate of egg count in per gram feces (E,P, G ) for ascariasis infection was 63. 6% (14/22) in the experimental group and 93. 8% (15/16) in the control group. In conclusion, to treat ascariasis and trichuriasis infection with mebendazole tablet should be used the three-day therapy with a total dose of 600mg or 1200mg.
文摘Objective:To investigate the cytokines pr of ile in the serum of some Nigerian children with Ascaris lumbricoides(A.lumbricoides) infection and relations between the intensity of infection, age and the concentration of these cytokines.Methods:Feacal samples from consenting children were examined using formol ether concentration techniques and Kato-Katz thick smear technique.Sera of 96 children comprising 76 A.lumbricoides infection and 20 controls were subjected to enzymes-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The mean sera concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin- 10(IL-10) were(16.7±7.6) pg/mL,(4.6±0.8)pg/mL,(391.6±52.0) pg/mL and(181.2±30.4) pg/mL,respectively.The control subjects had the following mean serum cytokines:TNF-α(2.9±1.8) pg/m,IL-4(4.0±0.1) pg/mL,IL-5(125.1±50.1) pg/mL,IL-10(74.5±54.2) pg/ mL,respectively.The difference between the sera cytokines concentration of the A.lumbricoides infected children and their controls were statistically significant for TNF-α,IL- 5 and IL-10(χ~2= 9.99,P【 0.05;χ~2 = 137.24,P 【 0.05;χ~2 = 44.30,P 【 0.05,respectively). The intensity of infection correlated positively with TNF-α,and IL-5(r = 0.93 and 0.98, respectively) while IL-4 and IL- 10 correlated negatively with the intensity of infection(r = -0.62 and 0.99,respectively).TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-5 correlated positively with age(r = 0.19,0.33 and 0.66,respectively).The mean cytokines between those with mild and moderate infections were statistically significant for TNF-α,IL-5 and IL-10(χ~2 = 3.60,4.52 and 5.30, respectively).The ratio of TNF-α:IL-10 was 0.092.Conclusions:Elevated IL-5,IL-10 and TNF-αfound in the sera of the volunteers with Ascariasis implicates these cytokines as key mediators in the host responses to A.lumbriocoides infection in our studied area.
文摘The aim of this study is to determine the Socio Economic Status and Red Blood Cell Hemoglobin concentration alteration in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients attending Diabetic Clinic in Benin City, Nigeria. The sample population consists of 142 subjects, 71 of patients were known in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus already on drugs and were confirmed to be Diabetic using Glucose oxidase method while the other 71 subjects were age matched apparently healthy control subject on routine check up, they were confirmed to be non Diabetic using the Glucose oxidase method. Hemoglobin concentrations were done using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. Those under the low income Socio-Economic status had the highest incidence of type 2 Diabetes mellitus (49%) of the Diabetic population, closely followed by the middle income Socio-Economic status (35%) of the Diabetic populations. The Mean ± S.D of Hemoglobin concentration of control subjects against Mean ± S.D of Hemoglobin concentration of the various Socio-Economic status of Males and Females type 2 Diabetes mellitus patient show a statistically significant decrease
