Mandibular advancement devices(MADs)are widely used treatments for obstructive sleep apnea.MADs function by advancing the lower jaw to open the upper airway.To increase patient comfort,most patients allow the mouth to...Mandibular advancement devices(MADs)are widely used treatments for obstructive sleep apnea.MADs function by advancing the lower jaw to open the upper airway.To increase patient comfort,most patients allow the mouth to be opened.However,not all systems maintain the lower jaw in a forward position during mouth opening,which results in the production of a retrusion that favors the collapse of the upper airway.Furthermore,the kinematic behavior of the mechanism formed by the mandible-device assembly depends on jaw morphology.This means that,during mouth opening,some devices cause lower jaw protrusion in some patients,but cause its retraction in others.In this study,we report the behavior of well-known devices currently on themarket.To do so,we developed a kinematic model of the lower jawdevice assembly.Thismodelwas validated for all devices analyzed using a high-resolution camera system.Our results show that some of the devices analyzed here did not produce the correct behavior during patient mouth opening.展开更多
The role of mental foramens in dolphin hearing was studied in the present work. To this effect the mental foramens’ morphology features which are essential from acoustical viewpoint have been studied. The patterns of...The role of mental foramens in dolphin hearing was studied in the present work. To this effect the mental foramens’ morphology features which are essential from acoustical viewpoint have been studied. The patterns of relationship between the location of mental foramens and their sizes are found. The affinity of the mental foramens’ morphology and acoustics that the nature had created testify acoustical expediency of the mental foramens’ architecture. This natural inference in the main is confirmed in this work by the experimental data. The mean values of detection thresholds of short broadband stimuli with spectral maximum on frequencies 8, 16, 30 and 100 kHz at acoustical shielding the mental foramens increased on 30, 34, 40 and 50 dB, respectively. Results obtained testify that the mental foramens are the unique sound-conducting pathway into the fat body of the mandibular canal for the sounds of all frequencies used in the experiment, approximately 6?150 kHz (in view of stimuli broadbandness). The left and right row of the mental foramens together with respective mandibular canal plays the role of pinna and external auditory meatus if to use conventional terminology of a land mammal ear. But it is already qualitatively the new external ear implemented by the nature as the receive array and acoustical horn. The new external ear has apparently appeared in result of the dolphins’ ancestors’ adaptation to new environment conditions, as evolutionary adaptation of the ear to the water and as functional adaptation of the ear in order that to fulfill the new more sophisticated functions in the structure of sonar. The findings give good reason to suppose existence of the same external ear in Odontoceti.展开更多
The objective of this study was to explore whether there was a functional link between trigeminal proprioception and the oculomotor system mediated through jaw muscle afferents.Electromyography（EMG） was undertaken o...The objective of this study was to explore whether there was a functional link between trigeminal proprioception and the oculomotor system mediated through jaw muscle afferents.Electromyography（EMG） was undertaken of the levator palpebrae（LP） and superior rectus（SR）,and Fos expression was detected in the brainstem following consecutive down-stretching of the lower jaw at 2-4 Hz in rats.Retrograde tracing was undertaken of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and Darkschewitsch nucleus（INC/DN） pre-oculomotor neurons.FMG-like responses were recorded from the LP/SR during down-stretching of the lower jaw at 2-4 Hz in 3 out of 11 rats.Fos expression was induced by consecutive down-stretching of the lower jaw at 2-4 Hz for 20-30 seconds.Interestingly,Fos expression was distributed mainly in the bilateral INC/DN area.We also examined Fos-like immunoreactivity in central mesencephalic and paramedian pontine reticular formation that harbors premotor neurons controlling horizontal eye movement,but no Fos-like staining was observed therein.By injection of retrograde tracers into the oculomotor nucleus combined with Fos immunostaining,double labeled pre-oculomotor neurons were visualized to distribute in the INC/DN.In conclusions,there may exist a trigeminal proprioceptive-oculomotor system neural circuit through jaw muscle afferents in rats.Judging from Fos distribution pattern,this pathway might be related to vertical and torsional eye movements.展开更多
基金supported by the research contracts 806/31.4830 and 806/31.5511 between the private company Laboratorio Ortoplus S.L.and the University of Malaga.
文摘Mandibular advancement devices(MADs)are widely used treatments for obstructive sleep apnea.MADs function by advancing the lower jaw to open the upper airway.To increase patient comfort,most patients allow the mouth to be opened.However,not all systems maintain the lower jaw in a forward position during mouth opening,which results in the production of a retrusion that favors the collapse of the upper airway.Furthermore,the kinematic behavior of the mechanism formed by the mandible-device assembly depends on jaw morphology.This means that,during mouth opening,some devices cause lower jaw protrusion in some patients,but cause its retraction in others.In this study,we report the behavior of well-known devices currently on themarket.To do so,we developed a kinematic model of the lower jawdevice assembly.Thismodelwas validated for all devices analyzed using a high-resolution camera system.Our results show that some of the devices analyzed here did not produce the correct behavior during patient mouth opening.
文摘The role of mental foramens in dolphin hearing was studied in the present work. To this effect the mental foramens’ morphology features which are essential from acoustical viewpoint have been studied. The patterns of relationship between the location of mental foramens and their sizes are found. The affinity of the mental foramens’ morphology and acoustics that the nature had created testify acoustical expediency of the mental foramens’ architecture. This natural inference in the main is confirmed in this work by the experimental data. The mean values of detection thresholds of short broadband stimuli with spectral maximum on frequencies 8, 16, 30 and 100 kHz at acoustical shielding the mental foramens increased on 30, 34, 40 and 50 dB, respectively. Results obtained testify that the mental foramens are the unique sound-conducting pathway into the fat body of the mandibular canal for the sounds of all frequencies used in the experiment, approximately 6?150 kHz (in view of stimuli broadbandness). The left and right row of the mental foramens together with respective mandibular canal plays the role of pinna and external auditory meatus if to use conventional terminology of a land mammal ear. But it is already qualitatively the new external ear implemented by the nature as the receive array and acoustical horn. The new external ear has apparently appeared in result of the dolphins’ ancestors’ adaptation to new environment conditions, as evolutionary adaptation of the ear to the water and as functional adaptation of the ear in order that to fulfill the new more sophisticated functions in the structure of sonar. The findings give good reason to suppose existence of the same external ear in Odontoceti.
基金partially supported by Natural Sciences Research Funding 2006C225 and 2009K0174 from Shaanxi Province awarded to Dr.Liang HC
文摘The objective of this study was to explore whether there was a functional link between trigeminal proprioception and the oculomotor system mediated through jaw muscle afferents.Electromyography（EMG） was undertaken of the levator palpebrae（LP） and superior rectus（SR）,and Fos expression was detected in the brainstem following consecutive down-stretching of the lower jaw at 2-4 Hz in rats.Retrograde tracing was undertaken of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and Darkschewitsch nucleus（INC/DN） pre-oculomotor neurons.FMG-like responses were recorded from the LP/SR during down-stretching of the lower jaw at 2-4 Hz in 3 out of 11 rats.Fos expression was induced by consecutive down-stretching of the lower jaw at 2-4 Hz for 20-30 seconds.Interestingly,Fos expression was distributed mainly in the bilateral INC/DN area.We also examined Fos-like immunoreactivity in central mesencephalic and paramedian pontine reticular formation that harbors premotor neurons controlling horizontal eye movement,but no Fos-like staining was observed therein.By injection of retrograde tracers into the oculomotor nucleus combined with Fos immunostaining,double labeled pre-oculomotor neurons were visualized to distribute in the INC/DN.In conclusions,there may exist a trigeminal proprioceptive-oculomotor system neural circuit through jaw muscle afferents in rats.Judging from Fos distribution pattern,this pathway might be related to vertical and torsional eye movements.
