AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corr...AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.The cylindrical lenses(0,0.5,0.75,1.0,and 1.25 D)were placed at the axial direction(180°,45°,90°,and 135°)in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism.OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality,recorded as the objective scattering index(OSI),OQAS values at contrasts of 100%,20%,and 9%predictive visual acuity(OV100%,OV20%,and OV9%),modulation transfer function cut-off(MTFcut-off)and Strehl ratio(SR).The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters.RESULTS:Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed.The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were 0.38(95%CI:0.35,0.42),0.50(95%CI:0.46,0.53),0.49(95%CI:0.45,0.54)and 0.37(95%CI:0.34,0.41),respectively.The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were-10.30(95%CI:-11.43,-9.16),-12.73(95%CI:-13.62,-11.86),-12.75(95%CI:-13.79,-11.70),and-9.97(95%CI:-10.92,-9.03),respectively.At the same astigmatism degree,OSI at 45°and 90°axis were higher than that at 0°and 135°axis,while MTFcut-off were lower.CONCLUSION:Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality.展开更多
The traditional spheroidal kernel results in the spectrum leakage,and the utilization rate of the removed degrees of the measured data is low.Hence,a kind of spheroidal kernel whose high-and low-degrees are both modif...The traditional spheroidal kernel results in the spectrum leakage,and the utilization rate of the removed degrees of the measured data is low.Hence,a kind of spheroidal kernel whose high-and low-degrees are both modified is introduced in this research,which is exampled by the Hotine kernel.In addition,the low-degree modified spheroidal kernel is proposed.Either cosine or linear modification factors can be utilized.The modified kernel functions can effectively control the spectrum leakage compared with the traditional spheroidal kernel.Furthermore,the modified kernel augments the contribution rate of the measured data to height anomaly in the modified frequency domain.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the quasi-geoid by the cosine or linear low-degree modified kernel is higher than that by the traditional spheroidal kernel.And the accuracy equals the accuracy of the quasi-geoid using the spheroidal kernel with high-and low-degrees modified approximately when the low-degree modification bandwidths of these two kinds of kernels are the same.Since the computational efficiency of the low-degree modified kernel is much higher,the low-degree modified kernel behaves better in constructing the(quasi-)geoid based on Stokes-Helmert or Hotine-Helmert boundary-value theory.展开更多
The complex frequencies of the low-degree toroidal modes are helpful in constraining the mantle structure.In the early years,the traditional method to detect the low-degree toroidal modes is seismic approach,which is ...The complex frequencies of the low-degree toroidal modes are helpful in constraining the mantle structure.In the early years,the traditional method to detect the low-degree toroidal modes is seismic approach,which is primarily limited by the horizontal noise of seismometers.Recently,it has been proved that gravity method is competitive.Therefore,we re-estimated or newly estimated the complex frequencies of the toroidal modes below 1.5 mHz excited by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman event using gravity method in this paper.The results show that(1)The quality factors of0 T5-0 T9 and1 T2-1 T3 are estimated from superconducting gravity data for the first time;(2)The estimated frequencies and quality factors for0 T2-0 T9 and1 T2-1 T3 are consistent with those provided by previous publications,which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of our estimations;(3)The maximum difference of frequencies between our results and those from CPREM is on the order of 0.01 mHz and the maximum difference of quality factors is at the level of 10.展开更多
Ultramafic hypoxenoliths found in the alkali-rich porphyry in the Liuhe Village, Heqing, Yunnan, China, are of great significance in understanding the origin and evolution of the porphyry. This paper discusses the min...Ultramafic hypoxenoliths found in the alkali-rich porphyry in the Liuhe Village, Heqing, Yunnan, China, are of great significance in understanding the origin and evolution of the porphyry. This paper discusses the mineralogical features of the hypoxenoliths. It shows that the xenoliths are characterized by the upper mantle rocks modified to certain extent by the enriched mantle fluid metasomatism in the mantle environment, with the enriched mantle property of low-degree partial melting. This constitutes the important mineralogical evidence for the petrogenesis and mineralization of alkali-rich porphyry.展开更多
三平移一转动(3T1R)并联机构具有拓扑结构复杂、耦合度高、输入-输出运动不解耦,且易出现奇异位置等问题。根据基于方位特征(Position and orientation characteristic,POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论和和冗余支链消除奇异位置原理,首...三平移一转动(3T1R)并联机构具有拓扑结构复杂、耦合度高、输入-输出运动不解耦,且易出现奇异位置等问题。根据基于方位特征(Position and orientation characteristic,POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论和和冗余支链消除奇异位置原理,首先,提出了一种含冗余支链的低耦合度、运动解耦、大转动能力的3T1R并联操作手新机构;其次,对其进行拓扑结构分析,主要包括POC集、自由度、耦合度以及运动解耦性分析;再次,建立了基于序单开链法运动学建模原理的位置正解求解模型,并应用一维搜素方法求解了该并联机构的位置正解;基于导出的机构位置逆解,分析了机构的工作空间、转动能力及奇异性条件;阐明了冗余支链可避免奇异位置,并能增加机构刚度;最后,给出了机构动平台的速度、加速度变化规律。本文为该操作手的机械设计、动力学分析、样机研制奠定了理论基础。展开更多
为了对区域电离层延迟进行实时模型化,利用中国区域GPS实测资料,基于球冠谐函数模型、低阶球谐函数模型、多项式模型和Kriging内插方法,构建了电离层延迟模型。重点讨论了电离层垂直总电子含量(vertical total electron content,VTEC)...为了对区域电离层延迟进行实时模型化,利用中国区域GPS实测资料,基于球冠谐函数模型、低阶球谐函数模型、多项式模型和Kriging内插方法,构建了电离层延迟模型。重点讨论了电离层垂直总电子含量(vertical total electron content,VTEC)的空间变异性、相关性的统计计算和Kriging内插估计方法,实现了中国区域VTEC格网实时建模。验证结果表明,高纬度地区VTEC拟合精度优于低纬度地区,Kriging内插估计和多项式模型结果的拟合内符合精度明显优于球冠谐函数模型和低阶球谐函数模型。但多项式拟合的格网,其方差则存在明显的边际效应,拟合区域中央精度较高,区域边缘地带精度明显下降;Kriging算法估计的格网点VTEC方差更符合实际情况,穿刺点多的地方,格网点精度较高。展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.The cylindrical lenses(0,0.5,0.75,1.0,and 1.25 D)were placed at the axial direction(180°,45°,90°,and 135°)in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism.OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality,recorded as the objective scattering index(OSI),OQAS values at contrasts of 100%,20%,and 9%predictive visual acuity(OV100%,OV20%,and OV9%),modulation transfer function cut-off(MTFcut-off)and Strehl ratio(SR).The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters.RESULTS:Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed.The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were 0.38(95%CI:0.35,0.42),0.50(95%CI:0.46,0.53),0.49(95%CI:0.45,0.54)and 0.37(95%CI:0.34,0.41),respectively.The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were-10.30(95%CI:-11.43,-9.16),-12.73(95%CI:-13.62,-11.86),-12.75(95%CI:-13.79,-11.70),and-9.97(95%CI:-10.92,-9.03),respectively.At the same astigmatism degree,OSI at 45°and 90°axis were higher than that at 0°and 135°axis,while MTFcut-off were lower.CONCLUSION:Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41674025,41674082)Open Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering(Nos.SKLGIE2016-M-1-5,SKLGIE2018-ZZ-10)。
文摘The traditional spheroidal kernel results in the spectrum leakage,and the utilization rate of the removed degrees of the measured data is low.Hence,a kind of spheroidal kernel whose high-and low-degrees are both modified is introduced in this research,which is exampled by the Hotine kernel.In addition,the low-degree modified spheroidal kernel is proposed.Either cosine or linear modification factors can be utilized.The modified kernel functions can effectively control the spectrum leakage compared with the traditional spheroidal kernel.Furthermore,the modified kernel augments the contribution rate of the measured data to height anomaly in the modified frequency domain.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the quasi-geoid by the cosine or linear low-degree modified kernel is higher than that by the traditional spheroidal kernel.And the accuracy equals the accuracy of the quasi-geoid using the spheroidal kernel with high-and low-degrees modified approximately when the low-degree modification bandwidths of these two kinds of kernels are the same.Since the computational efficiency of the low-degree modified kernel is much higher,the low-degree modified kernel behaves better in constructing the(quasi-)geoid based on Stokes-Helmert or Hotine-Helmert boundary-value theory.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics (Grant No.SKLGED2018-1-3-E)the Open Fund of State Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University(Grant No. 19P01)
文摘The complex frequencies of the low-degree toroidal modes are helpful in constraining the mantle structure.In the early years,the traditional method to detect the low-degree toroidal modes is seismic approach,which is primarily limited by the horizontal noise of seismometers.Recently,it has been proved that gravity method is competitive.Therefore,we re-estimated or newly estimated the complex frequencies of the toroidal modes below 1.5 mHz excited by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman event using gravity method in this paper.The results show that(1)The quality factors of0 T5-0 T9 and1 T2-1 T3 are estimated from superconducting gravity data for the first time;(2)The estimated frequencies and quality factors for0 T2-0 T9 and1 T2-1 T3 are consistent with those provided by previous publications,which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of our estimations;(3)The maximum difference of frequencies between our results and those from CPREM is on the order of 0.01 mHz and the maximum difference of quality factors is at the level of 10.
文摘Ultramafic hypoxenoliths found in the alkali-rich porphyry in the Liuhe Village, Heqing, Yunnan, China, are of great significance in understanding the origin and evolution of the porphyry. This paper discusses the mineralogical features of the hypoxenoliths. It shows that the xenoliths are characterized by the upper mantle rocks modified to certain extent by the enriched mantle fluid metasomatism in the mantle environment, with the enriched mantle property of low-degree partial melting. This constitutes the important mineralogical evidence for the petrogenesis and mineralization of alkali-rich porphyry.
文摘三平移一转动(3T1R)并联机构具有拓扑结构复杂、耦合度高、输入-输出运动不解耦,且易出现奇异位置等问题。根据基于方位特征(Position and orientation characteristic,POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论和和冗余支链消除奇异位置原理,首先,提出了一种含冗余支链的低耦合度、运动解耦、大转动能力的3T1R并联操作手新机构;其次,对其进行拓扑结构分析,主要包括POC集、自由度、耦合度以及运动解耦性分析;再次,建立了基于序单开链法运动学建模原理的位置正解求解模型,并应用一维搜素方法求解了该并联机构的位置正解;基于导出的机构位置逆解,分析了机构的工作空间、转动能力及奇异性条件;阐明了冗余支链可避免奇异位置,并能增加机构刚度;最后,给出了机构动平台的速度、加速度变化规律。本文为该操作手的机械设计、动力学分析、样机研制奠定了理论基础。
文摘为了对区域电离层延迟进行实时模型化,利用中国区域GPS实测资料,基于球冠谐函数模型、低阶球谐函数模型、多项式模型和Kriging内插方法,构建了电离层延迟模型。重点讨论了电离层垂直总电子含量(vertical total electron content,VTEC)的空间变异性、相关性的统计计算和Kriging内插估计方法,实现了中国区域VTEC格网实时建模。验证结果表明,高纬度地区VTEC拟合精度优于低纬度地区,Kriging内插估计和多项式模型结果的拟合内符合精度明显优于球冠谐函数模型和低阶球谐函数模型。但多项式拟合的格网,其方差则存在明显的边际效应,拟合区域中央精度较高,区域边缘地带精度明显下降;Kriging算法估计的格网点VTEC方差更符合实际情况,穿刺点多的地方,格网点精度较高。
