利用华北地区夏季日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析环流资料,采用功率谱分析、Butterworth带通滤波等方法,对华北地区夏季降水低频特征与大气低频环流演变进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)华北地区夏季降水存在低频特征,主要以准双周振荡为主。...利用华北地区夏季日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析环流资料,采用功率谱分析、Butterworth带通滤波等方法,对华北地区夏季降水低频特征与大气低频环流演变进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)华北地区夏季降水存在低频特征,主要以准双周振荡为主。(2)500 h Pa高度场大气低频环流表现为闭合的高、低压系统;850 h Pa低频流场演变要复杂一些,但它们伴随高层低频系统移动会发生有规律的变化。500 h Pa高度场上,在35°N以北,低频系统向东移动,有时也从鄂霍次克海附近向西的扩展;在35°N以南,低频系统表现为由西北太平洋向西北移动,然后再向西移动。华北夏季降水主要是直接受中高纬度低频系统影响,低纬度低频系统很难直接影响华北地区,但它们可以通过偏南偏北气流的变化影响向华北地区的水汽输送或冷空气活动,进而加强或减弱华北地区的降水强度。(3)当500h Pa 40°N-60°N范围内有低频低压从西向东移近华北地区,并诱发850 h Pa气旋或切变线生成,从而在华北地区出现明显的降水过程;当500 h Pa低频低压向东移出而后部低频高压移来时,华北地区低层850 h Pa流场就会转为辐散气流或为一致的偏北气流,降水过程结束。(4)华北地区降水发生时,高、低空低频环流有较好的配合。展开更多
利用江南地区77个台站的日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,基于不同时间尺度的江南地区降水低频分量和东亚地区850 h Pa低频经向风主成分,建立了多变量时滞回归(Multivariable Lagged Regression,MLR)模型,并对2011年5—7月江南降水低...利用江南地区77个台站的日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,基于不同时间尺度的江南地区降水低频分量和东亚地区850 h Pa低频经向风主成分,建立了多变量时滞回归(Multivariable Lagged Regression,MLR)模型,并对2011年5—7月江南降水低频分量进行延伸期逐日预报试验。结果表明,50~70 d时间尺度的江南低频降水的平均预报技巧高达0.92,可准确预报持续性强降水过程和降水低频位相的正负转换。对利用2001—2012年资料分别构建的MLR模型的历史回报预测试验表明,在50~70 d振荡较强和正常的年份,模型能提前30 d做出初夏江南低频降水分量预报。模型结果也表明,850 h Pa低频经向风的发展和演变是影响初夏江南低频降水未来30 d变化的显著信号,可作为延伸期强降水预报的关键因子。展开更多
对1980—2014年的NCEP/NCAR 3个层次（200 h Pa、500 h Pa和700 h Pa）多个要素场逐日格点资料进行Butterworth带通滤波,保留周期为30-60 d的低频信号,通过周期分析、双评分标准筛选和最优子集回归方法对2011—2014年全球6—8月各要素...对1980—2014年的NCEP/NCAR 3个层次（200 h Pa、500 h Pa和700 h Pa）多个要素场逐日格点资料进行Butterworth带通滤波,保留周期为30-60 d的低频信号,通过周期分析、双评分标准筛选和最优子集回归方法对2011—2014年全球6—8月各要素场预报日前150 d的低频数据进行逐日外延（至未来30 d）。在此基础上,通过逐步相似过滤方法对西北地区中西部44个台站2011—2012年夏季降水进行10-30 d的预报及效果检验。结果表明：（1）对低频要素场的拟合准确度随预报时效增长逐步降低,后期趋于稳定;且各层次各低频要素相应的大部分关键区通过0.05显著性水平检验;（2）当相似个例中降水个例数≥3时预报当日有降水,其对应的Cs评分最高,44个台站的Cs评分均值为0.585,且Cs评分整体高于气候概率值。因此,利用该预报方法进行降水预报是可行的,可用于实际业务中。展开更多
We examined the characteristic feature and predictability of low frequency variability (LFV) of the atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere winter (January and February) by using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs...We examined the characteristic feature and predictability of low frequency variability (LFV) of the atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere winter (January and February) by using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the geopotential height at 500 hPa. In the discussion, we used the EOFs for geostrophic zonal wind (Uznl) and the height deviation from the zonal mean (Zeddy). The set of EOFs for Uznl and Zeddy was denoted as Uznl-1, Uznl-2, ..., Zeddy-1, Zeddy-2, ..., respectively. We used the data samples of 396 pentads derived from 33 years of NMC, ECMWF and JMA analyses, from January 1963 to 1995. From the calculated scores for Uznl-1, Uznl-2, Zeddy-1, Zeddy-2 and so on we found that Uznl-1 and Zeddy-1 were statistically stable and their scores were more persistent than those of the other EOFs. A close relationship existed between the scores of Uznl-1 and those of Zeddy-1. 30-day forecast experiments were carried out with the medium resolution version of JMA global spectral model for 20 cases in January and February for the period of 1984-1992. Results showed that Zeddy-1 was more predictable than the other EOFs for Zeddy. Considering these results, we argued that prediction of the Zeddy-1 was to be one of the main target of extended-range forecasting.展开更多
With the development of low dielectric permittivity materials having an ultra-low sintering temperature,testing their dielectric properties at terahertz frequencies suitable for 6G communication systems and implementa...With the development of low dielectric permittivity materials having an ultra-low sintering temperature,testing their dielectric properties at terahertz frequencies suitable for 6G communication systems and implementation of the fabricated materials in ultra-low temperature cofired ceramics(ULTCC)were the main goals of the research.Lithium tungstate Li_(2)WO_(4)was synthesized by a solid-state reaction and used for the preparation of green tapes and test structures with cofired internal conductive layers,which are destined for substrates of microwave and submillimeter wave circuits.Sintering behavior,thermal effects,and mass changes of the green tapes during heating were studied using a hot-stage microscope,differential thermal analysis,and thermogravimetry.A single-phase composition was revealed for being undoped and doped with AlF3–CaB_(4)O_(7)ceramics.The impact of frequency,temperature,the addition of AlF3–CaB_(4)O_(7)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)dopants,and sintering temperature was the subject of in-depth characterization of dielectric properties in a terahertz region.A glass-free composition,ultra-low sintering temperature of 590–630℃,low roughness of the green tapes,dense microstructure,compatibility with Ag conductors,low and stable dielectric permittivity of 5.0–5.8 in a broad range of 0.2–2 THz,and low dielectric loss of 0.008–0.01 at 1 THz are the main advantages of the developed ULTCC substrates.展开更多
A single-resonant low-threshold type-Iβ-Ba_(2)BO_(4)(BBO) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with tunable output from 410 nm to 630 nm at 5 k Hz repetition rate is reported.By taking the noncollinear phase matching ...A single-resonant low-threshold type-Iβ-Ba_(2)BO_(4)(BBO) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with tunable output from 410 nm to 630 nm at 5 k Hz repetition rate is reported.By taking the noncollinear phase matching method,low-threshold OPO operation could be obtained compared with the configuration of collinear phase matching,and the maximum optical–optical conversion efficiency of 11.8%was achieved at 500 nm wavelength when 0.4 m J pump pulse energy was applied.When the noncollinearity angle was preset at 1.6°,4.8°,and 6.3°,a continuously tuning output with a total spectral range of 220 nm was successfully obtained by adjusting the phase matching angle of the BBO crystal.展开更多
文摘利用华北地区夏季日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析环流资料,采用功率谱分析、Butterworth带通滤波等方法,对华北地区夏季降水低频特征与大气低频环流演变进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)华北地区夏季降水存在低频特征,主要以准双周振荡为主。(2)500 h Pa高度场大气低频环流表现为闭合的高、低压系统;850 h Pa低频流场演变要复杂一些,但它们伴随高层低频系统移动会发生有规律的变化。500 h Pa高度场上,在35°N以北,低频系统向东移动,有时也从鄂霍次克海附近向西的扩展;在35°N以南,低频系统表现为由西北太平洋向西北移动,然后再向西移动。华北夏季降水主要是直接受中高纬度低频系统影响,低纬度低频系统很难直接影响华北地区,但它们可以通过偏南偏北气流的变化影响向华北地区的水汽输送或冷空气活动,进而加强或减弱华北地区的降水强度。(3)当500h Pa 40°N-60°N范围内有低频低压从西向东移近华北地区,并诱发850 h Pa气旋或切变线生成,从而在华北地区出现明显的降水过程;当500 h Pa低频低压向东移出而后部低频高压移来时,华北地区低层850 h Pa流场就会转为辐散气流或为一致的偏北气流,降水过程结束。(4)华北地区降水发生时,高、低空低频环流有较好的配合。
文摘对1980—2014年的NCEP/NCAR 3个层次（200 h Pa、500 h Pa和700 h Pa）多个要素场逐日格点资料进行Butterworth带通滤波,保留周期为30-60 d的低频信号,通过周期分析、双评分标准筛选和最优子集回归方法对2011—2014年全球6—8月各要素场预报日前150 d的低频数据进行逐日外延（至未来30 d）。在此基础上,通过逐步相似过滤方法对西北地区中西部44个台站2011—2012年夏季降水进行10-30 d的预报及效果检验。结果表明：（1）对低频要素场的拟合准确度随预报时效增长逐步降低,后期趋于稳定;且各层次各低频要素相应的大部分关键区通过0.05显著性水平检验;（2）当相似个例中降水个例数≥3时预报当日有降水,其对应的Cs评分最高,44个台站的Cs评分均值为0.585,且Cs评分整体高于气候概率值。因此,利用该预报方法进行降水预报是可行的,可用于实际业务中。
文摘We examined the characteristic feature and predictability of low frequency variability (LFV) of the atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere winter (January and February) by using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the geopotential height at 500 hPa. In the discussion, we used the EOFs for geostrophic zonal wind (Uznl) and the height deviation from the zonal mean (Zeddy). The set of EOFs for Uznl and Zeddy was denoted as Uznl-1, Uznl-2, ..., Zeddy-1, Zeddy-2, ..., respectively. We used the data samples of 396 pentads derived from 33 years of NMC, ECMWF and JMA analyses, from January 1963 to 1995. From the calculated scores for Uznl-1, Uznl-2, Zeddy-1, Zeddy-2 and so on we found that Uznl-1 and Zeddy-1 were statistically stable and their scores were more persistent than those of the other EOFs. A close relationship existed between the scores of Uznl-1 and those of Zeddy-1. 30-day forecast experiments were carried out with the medium resolution version of JMA global spectral model for 20 cases in January and February for the period of 1984-1992. Results showed that Zeddy-1 was more predictable than the other EOFs for Zeddy. Considering these results, we argued that prediction of the Zeddy-1 was to be one of the main target of extended-range forecasting.
基金Supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China （60534010）, the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （2009CB320604）, the National Natural Science foundation of China （60674021, 60804024, 60974043）, the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China （60821063）, the 111 Project （B08015）, and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （20060145019）
基金financed by the National Science Centre,Poland(No.2019/35/B/ST5/02674).
文摘With the development of low dielectric permittivity materials having an ultra-low sintering temperature,testing their dielectric properties at terahertz frequencies suitable for 6G communication systems and implementation of the fabricated materials in ultra-low temperature cofired ceramics(ULTCC)were the main goals of the research.Lithium tungstate Li_(2)WO_(4)was synthesized by a solid-state reaction and used for the preparation of green tapes and test structures with cofired internal conductive layers,which are destined for substrates of microwave and submillimeter wave circuits.Sintering behavior,thermal effects,and mass changes of the green tapes during heating were studied using a hot-stage microscope,differential thermal analysis,and thermogravimetry.A single-phase composition was revealed for being undoped and doped with AlF3–CaB_(4)O_(7)ceramics.The impact of frequency,temperature,the addition of AlF3–CaB_(4)O_(7)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)dopants,and sintering temperature was the subject of in-depth characterization of dielectric properties in a terahertz region.A glass-free composition,ultra-low sintering temperature of 590–630℃,low roughness of the green tapes,dense microstructure,compatibility with Ag conductors,low and stable dielectric permittivity of 5.0–5.8 in a broad range of 0.2–2 THz,and low dielectric loss of 0.008–0.01 at 1 THz are the main advantages of the developed ULTCC substrates.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.19YF1453600)the Key Task Project in Scientific and Technological Research on Social Development of Shanghai(No.20dz1206502)+2 种基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018SDKJ0102)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA22000000)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61991453)。
文摘A single-resonant low-threshold type-Iβ-Ba_(2)BO_(4)(BBO) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with tunable output from 410 nm to 630 nm at 5 k Hz repetition rate is reported.By taking the noncollinear phase matching method,low-threshold OPO operation could be obtained compared with the configuration of collinear phase matching,and the maximum optical–optical conversion efficiency of 11.8%was achieved at 500 nm wavelength when 0.4 m J pump pulse energy was applied.When the noncollinearity angle was preset at 1.6°,4.8°,and 6.3°,a continuously tuning output with a total spectral range of 220 nm was successfully obtained by adjusting the phase matching angle of the BBO crystal.
