A 2.5D finite-difference(FD)algorithm for the modeling of the electromagnetic(EM)logging-whiledrilling(LWD)tool in anisotropic media is presented.The FD algorithm is based on the Lebedev grid,which allows for the disc...A 2.5D finite-difference(FD)algorithm for the modeling of the electromagnetic(EM)logging-whiledrilling(LWD)tool in anisotropic media is presented.The FD algorithm is based on the Lebedev grid,which allows for the discretization of the frequency-domain Maxwell's equations in the anisotropic media in 2.5D scenarios without interpolation.This leads to a system of linear equations that is solved using the multifrontal direct solver which enables the simulation of multi-sources at nearly the cost of simulating a single source for each frequency.In addition,near-optimal quadrature derived from an optimized integration path in the complex plane is employed to implement the fast inverse Fourier Transform(IFT).The algorithm is then validated by both analytic and 3D solutions.Numerical results show that two Lebedev subgrid sets are sufficient for TI medium,which is common in geosteering environments.The number of quadrature points is greatly reduced by using the near-optimal quadrature method.展开更多
Information about anisotropic resistivity is essential in real-time correlation,updating of formation model and making more confi dent geosteering decisions in logging-while-drilling(LWD)application.However,abnormal r...Information about anisotropic resistivity is essential in real-time correlation,updating of formation model and making more confi dent geosteering decisions in logging-while-drilling(LWD)application.However,abnormal responses such as curve separations and apparent resistivity“horns”often exist in the LWD resistivity measurements due to the infl uences of complex downhole environments.Thus,accurate formation resistivity is not readily available.In this paper,we present an effi cient inversion scheme for the rapid estimation of anisotropic resistivity from LWD resistivity measurements acquired in high-angle and horizontal wells.Several strategies are adopted in the inversion:(1)a one-dimensional(1D)simulator with a simplifi ed three-layered model guarantees the forward speed and keeps the number of inverted parameters as few as possible;(2)combined with geological and petrophysical bounds,the tool constraints derived from a detection capability analysis of LWD resistivity measurements are applied to scale down the inverted parameters’searching scope,which avoids meaningless solutions and accelerates the inversion signifi cantly;(3)multiple-initial guesses are used in the inversion to ensure a global solution.Inversion results over synthetic examples demonstrate that the proposed 1D inversion algorithm is well suited for complex formation structures.It is also robust and fast in extracting anisotropic resistivities from LWD resistivity measurements.展开更多
给出一种改进的伪解析方法并将其用于分析随钻电磁波测井(logging while drilling,LWD)方法在复杂地质层中的数值响应特征。1个典型的LWD工具由多个工作在多层环状地质层中的环形天线组成。由于机械牵引力或重力作用,测井工具与井孔可...给出一种改进的伪解析方法并将其用于分析随钻电磁波测井(logging while drilling,LWD)方法在复杂地质层中的数值响应特征。1个典型的LWD工具由多个工作在多层环状地质层中的环形天线组成。由于机械牵引力或重力作用,测井工具与井孔可能会形成偏心结构,另外当井孔中泥浆渗入地质层时也可能形成分层地质结构。给出的方法可处理各向异性地质导电率介质和多层偏心结构(每层均与其他层形成偏心结构)。数值实验验证所提出方法的正确性和实用性。LWD工具的测井深度与环形天线间的垂直距离呈正比例关系,给出LWD工具的敏感度分析和偏心结构对工具测量的影响。展开更多
文摘A 2.5D finite-difference(FD)algorithm for the modeling of the electromagnetic(EM)logging-whiledrilling(LWD)tool in anisotropic media is presented.The FD algorithm is based on the Lebedev grid,which allows for the discretization of the frequency-domain Maxwell's equations in the anisotropic media in 2.5D scenarios without interpolation.This leads to a system of linear equations that is solved using the multifrontal direct solver which enables the simulation of multi-sources at nearly the cost of simulating a single source for each frequency.In addition,near-optimal quadrature derived from an optimized integration path in the complex plane is employed to implement the fast inverse Fourier Transform(IFT).The algorithm is then validated by both analytic and 3D solutions.Numerical results show that two Lebedev subgrid sets are sufficient for TI medium,which is common in geosteering environments.The number of quadrature points is greatly reduced by using the near-optimal quadrature method.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41904109,No.41974146,and No.42074134),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M640663),the Shandong Province Postdoctoral Innovation Projects(No.sdbh20180025),State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Eff ective Development Projects(No.20-YYGZ-KF-GC-11),and National key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment Projects(No.6142403200307).We also wish to thank peer reviewer,Hu Song and Wang Zhicai for their comments and suggestions.
文摘Information about anisotropic resistivity is essential in real-time correlation,updating of formation model and making more confi dent geosteering decisions in logging-while-drilling(LWD)application.However,abnormal responses such as curve separations and apparent resistivity“horns”often exist in the LWD resistivity measurements due to the infl uences of complex downhole environments.Thus,accurate formation resistivity is not readily available.In this paper,we present an effi cient inversion scheme for the rapid estimation of anisotropic resistivity from LWD resistivity measurements acquired in high-angle and horizontal wells.Several strategies are adopted in the inversion:(1)a one-dimensional(1D)simulator with a simplifi ed three-layered model guarantees the forward speed and keeps the number of inverted parameters as few as possible;(2)combined with geological and petrophysical bounds,the tool constraints derived from a detection capability analysis of LWD resistivity measurements are applied to scale down the inverted parameters’searching scope,which avoids meaningless solutions and accelerates the inversion signifi cantly;(3)multiple-initial guesses are used in the inversion to ensure a global solution.Inversion results over synthetic examples demonstrate that the proposed 1D inversion algorithm is well suited for complex formation structures.It is also robust and fast in extracting anisotropic resistivities from LWD resistivity measurements.
文摘给出一种改进的伪解析方法并将其用于分析随钻电磁波测井(logging while drilling,LWD)方法在复杂地质层中的数值响应特征。1个典型的LWD工具由多个工作在多层环状地质层中的环形天线组成。由于机械牵引力或重力作用,测井工具与井孔可能会形成偏心结构,另外当井孔中泥浆渗入地质层时也可能形成分层地质结构。给出的方法可处理各向异性地质导电率介质和多层偏心结构(每层均与其他层形成偏心结构)。数值实验验证所提出方法的正确性和实用性。LWD工具的测井深度与环形天线间的垂直距离呈正比例关系,给出LWD工具的敏感度分析和偏心结构对工具测量的影响。
