Accurate and continuous identification of individual cattle is crucial to precision farming in recent years.It is also the prerequisite to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time of beef cattle at medium t...Accurate and continuous identification of individual cattle is crucial to precision farming in recent years.It is also the prerequisite to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time of beef cattle at medium to long distances over different cameras.However,beef cattle can tend to frequently move and change their feeding position during feeding.Furthermore,the great variations in their head direction and complex environments(light,occlusion,and background)can also lead to some difficulties in the recognition,particularly for the bio-similarities among individual cattle.Among them,AlignedReID++model is characterized by both global and local information for image matching.In particular,the dynamically matching local information(DMLI)algorithm has been introduced into the local branch to automatically align the horizontal local information.In this research,the AlignedReID++model was utilized and improved to achieve the better performance in cattle re-identification(ReID).Initially,triplet attention(TA)modules were integrated into the BottleNecks of ResNet50 Backbone.The feature extraction was then enhanced through cross-dimensional interactions with the minimal computational overhead.Since the TA modules in AlignedReID++baseline model increased the model size and floating point operations(FLOPs)by 0.005 M and 0.05 G,the rank-1 accuracy and mean average precision(mAP)were improved by 1.0 percentage points and 2.94 percentage points,respectively.Specifically,the rank-1 accuracies were outperformed by 0.86 percentage points and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the convolution block attention module(CBAM)and efficient channel attention(ECA)modules,although 0.94 percentage points were lower than that of squeeze-and-excitation(SE)modules.The mAP metric values were exceeded by 0.22,0.86 and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the SE,CBAM,and ECA modules.Additionally,the Cross-Entropy Loss function was replaced with the CosFace Loss function in the global branch of baseline model.CosFac展开更多
Principle, research, and problems of techniques for sex identification of early embryo of livestock were discussed in detail from aspects of main ways for sex control, main methods for sex identification of early embr...Principle, research, and problems of techniques for sex identification of early embryo of livestock were discussed in detail from aspects of main ways for sex control, main methods for sex identification of early embryo, and application of sex identification in livestock production. And development prospects were expected.展开更多
Major disease outbreaks, increasing demand for animal food products, intensification of animal production systems, increased consumer awareness about food quality and safety, as well as heightened consciousness about ...Major disease outbreaks, increasing demand for animal food products, intensification of animal production systems, increased consumer awareness about food quality and safety, as well as heightened consciousness about animal welfare issues has seen the need for more reliable animal identification in Turkey＇s animal production system. Animal identification and traceability systems have seen rapid development in the world＇s main livestock producing nations and have been recognised by the main food, health and livestock trading authorities. The benefit of this system affects all the participants in the food chain （farm to fork） by limiting the spread of animal disease, assuring food safety and quality, minimizing the potential trade loss and minimizing government control. Electronic identification （EID） is one of the main technologies adopted, whereby each individual animal is identified and traced through a unique identification number saved on an electronic transponder （eartag or bolus）. The present animal identification and registration system in Turkey does not use an electronic identification tool and is administered manually which often causes unreliable and incorrect results. Concerns for animal and human health, as well as food safety assurance, have motivated efforts in Turkey to intensify animal identification system. This paper has provided the basis for how animals can be accurately traced and monitored from their birth until their slaughter, tracking every single parameter that could be of interest： animal health history, disease control, milk/meat/wool production and nutrition. This study summarizes information on EID available from around the world, discusses the advantages and challenges in its application in Turkey and provides recommendations as to the systems suitability to upgrade the present status of the Turkish National Livestock Identification System.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFD1301801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272931)+1 种基金Shaanxi Province Agricultural Key Core Technology Project(2024NYGG005)Shaanxi Province Key R&D Program(2024NC-ZDCYL-05-12)。
文摘Accurate and continuous identification of individual cattle is crucial to precision farming in recent years.It is also the prerequisite to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time of beef cattle at medium to long distances over different cameras.However,beef cattle can tend to frequently move and change their feeding position during feeding.Furthermore,the great variations in their head direction and complex environments(light,occlusion,and background)can also lead to some difficulties in the recognition,particularly for the bio-similarities among individual cattle.Among them,AlignedReID++model is characterized by both global and local information for image matching.In particular,the dynamically matching local information(DMLI)algorithm has been introduced into the local branch to automatically align the horizontal local information.In this research,the AlignedReID++model was utilized and improved to achieve the better performance in cattle re-identification(ReID).Initially,triplet attention(TA)modules were integrated into the BottleNecks of ResNet50 Backbone.The feature extraction was then enhanced through cross-dimensional interactions with the minimal computational overhead.Since the TA modules in AlignedReID++baseline model increased the model size and floating point operations(FLOPs)by 0.005 M and 0.05 G,the rank-1 accuracy and mean average precision(mAP)were improved by 1.0 percentage points and 2.94 percentage points,respectively.Specifically,the rank-1 accuracies were outperformed by 0.86 percentage points and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the convolution block attention module(CBAM)and efficient channel attention(ECA)modules,although 0.94 percentage points were lower than that of squeeze-and-excitation(SE)modules.The mAP metric values were exceeded by 0.22,0.86 and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the SE,CBAM,and ECA modules.Additionally,the Cross-Entropy Loss function was replaced with the CosFace Loss function in the global branch of baseline model.CosFac
文摘Principle, research, and problems of techniques for sex identification of early embryo of livestock were discussed in detail from aspects of main ways for sex control, main methods for sex identification of early embryo, and application of sex identification in livestock production. And development prospects were expected.
文摘Major disease outbreaks, increasing demand for animal food products, intensification of animal production systems, increased consumer awareness about food quality and safety, as well as heightened consciousness about animal welfare issues has seen the need for more reliable animal identification in Turkey＇s animal production system. Animal identification and traceability systems have seen rapid development in the world＇s main livestock producing nations and have been recognised by the main food, health and livestock trading authorities. The benefit of this system affects all the participants in the food chain （farm to fork） by limiting the spread of animal disease, assuring food safety and quality, minimizing the potential trade loss and minimizing government control. Electronic identification （EID） is one of the main technologies adopted, whereby each individual animal is identified and traced through a unique identification number saved on an electronic transponder （eartag or bolus）. The present animal identification and registration system in Turkey does not use an electronic identification tool and is administered manually which often causes unreliable and incorrect results. Concerns for animal and human health, as well as food safety assurance, have motivated efforts in Turkey to intensify animal identification system. This paper has provided the basis for how animals can be accurately traced and monitored from their birth until their slaughter, tracking every single parameter that could be of interest： animal health history, disease control, milk/meat/wool production and nutrition. This study summarizes information on EID available from around the world, discusses the advantages and challenges in its application in Turkey and provides recommendations as to the systems suitability to upgrade the present status of the Turkish National Livestock Identification System.
