Single crystal copper with large diameter is prepared in vacuum induction furnace under the protection of argon using downward continuous unidirectional solidification method. The process parameters are determined thr...Single crystal copper with large diameter is prepared in vacuum induction furnace under the protection of argon using downward continuous unidirectional solidification method. The process parameters are determined through the experiments. The effects of the process parameters on solidification structure and surface quality of the single crystal copper with large diameter are investigated. The results show that single crystal copper of Φ16 mm with bright surface can be obtained continuously and stably under the following conditions: melting temperature is 1150 ℃, outlet temperature of mold is 750 ℃, cooling water volume is 0.9 m3·h-1, cooling distance is 50 mm, and drawing speed is 0.1 to 0.15 mm·s-1. By X-ray diffraction, the orientation and competition growth of single crystal copper have been analyzed, and the crystallization surfaces of (311), (220) and (111) are eliminated sequentially during evolutionarily processing. The final growth face of single crystal copper is (200). its direction of crystallization is [100]. Effect of solid-liquid interface on crystal growth has been investigated, the micro-convex interface to liquid is the key to getting single crystal copper.展开更多
Six samples of linear high randomness 60PHB/ PET thermotropic liquid crystal copolyesters are made by melt copolymerization at 290℃ , whose randomness about 0.955 is measured by the discernible ’H-NMR spectrometer. ...Six samples of linear high randomness 60PHB/ PET thermotropic liquid crystal copolyesters are made by melt copolymerization at 290℃ , whose randomness about 0.955 is measured by the discernible ’H-NMR spectrometer. High tenacity, high module fiber is prepared by melt spinning in liquid crystal phase. The effect of molecular weight, shear rate, temperature as well as spinning drawn ratio on the mechanical behavior of 60PHB / PET copolyester fiber are shown that, lower shear rate (2<sup> </sup>10 s<sup>-1</sup>), higher temperature melting （300℃ ）, lower temperature spinning （280℃ ） and higher molecular weight are favourable to the increase of the fiber mechanical properties. With the variance of drawn ratio, fiber mechanical property has a transition point due to traversion from shear-orientation to drawn-orientation. The copolyester fiber has high crystallinity, high orientation at the crystalline region, high chain orientation and high regular fibrillar structure.展开更多
The polymer surface relaxation in thin films has been a long debating issue. We report a new method on studying surface relaxation behaviors of polymer thin films on a solid substrate. This method involved utilizing a...The polymer surface relaxation in thin films has been a long debating issue. We report a new method on studying surface relaxation behaviors of polymer thin films on a solid substrate. This method involved utilizing a rubbed polyimide surface with a pretilting angle in a liquid crystalline cell. Due to the surface alignment, the liquid crystals were aligned along the rubbing direction. During heating the liquid crystalline cell, we continuously monitored the change of orientation of the liquid crystals. It is understood that at a temperature where the orientation of liquid crystal is lost, the surface relaxation on the glass substrate takes place to lose the polyimide surface orientation. It was found that the relaxation temperature at which the liquid crystals lose their orientation depends on the film thickness of the polyimide. A quantitative linear relationship between the relaxation temperature and reciprocal of the film thickness can be observed. Furthermore, different topologies of the rubbed and relaxed thin films were amplified using the polyethylene decoration method and observed using atomic force microscopy.展开更多
文摘Single crystal copper with large diameter is prepared in vacuum induction furnace under the protection of argon using downward continuous unidirectional solidification method. The process parameters are determined through the experiments. The effects of the process parameters on solidification structure and surface quality of the single crystal copper with large diameter are investigated. The results show that single crystal copper of Φ16 mm with bright surface can be obtained continuously and stably under the following conditions: melting temperature is 1150 ℃, outlet temperature of mold is 750 ℃, cooling water volume is 0.9 m3·h-1, cooling distance is 50 mm, and drawing speed is 0.1 to 0.15 mm·s-1. By X-ray diffraction, the orientation and competition growth of single crystal copper have been analyzed, and the crystallization surfaces of (311), (220) and (111) are eliminated sequentially during evolutionarily processing. The final growth face of single crystal copper is (200). its direction of crystallization is [100]. Effect of solid-liquid interface on crystal growth has been investigated, the micro-convex interface to liquid is the key to getting single crystal copper.
文摘Six samples of linear high randomness 60PHB/ PET thermotropic liquid crystal copolyesters are made by melt copolymerization at 290℃ , whose randomness about 0.955 is measured by the discernible ’H-NMR spectrometer. High tenacity, high module fiber is prepared by melt spinning in liquid crystal phase. The effect of molecular weight, shear rate, temperature as well as spinning drawn ratio on the mechanical behavior of 60PHB / PET copolyester fiber are shown that, lower shear rate (2<sup> </sup>10 s<sup>-1</sup>), higher temperature melting （300℃ ）, lower temperature spinning （280℃ ） and higher molecular weight are favourable to the increase of the fiber mechanical properties. With the variance of drawn ratio, fiber mechanical property has a transition point due to traversion from shear-orientation to drawn-orientation. The copolyester fiber has high crystallinity, high orientation at the crystalline region, high chain orientation and high regular fibrillar structure.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(DMR-0906898)
文摘The polymer surface relaxation in thin films has been a long debating issue. We report a new method on studying surface relaxation behaviors of polymer thin films on a solid substrate. This method involved utilizing a rubbed polyimide surface with a pretilting angle in a liquid crystalline cell. Due to the surface alignment, the liquid crystals were aligned along the rubbing direction. During heating the liquid crystalline cell, we continuously monitored the change of orientation of the liquid crystals. It is understood that at a temperature where the orientation of liquid crystal is lost, the surface relaxation on the glass substrate takes place to lose the polyimide surface orientation. It was found that the relaxation temperature at which the liquid crystals lose their orientation depends on the film thickness of the polyimide. A quantitative linear relationship between the relaxation temperature and reciprocal of the film thickness can be observed. Furthermore, different topologies of the rubbed and relaxed thin films were amplified using the polyethylene decoration method and observed using atomic force microscopy.
