Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is by mass the largest manufactured product on Earth, responsible for approximately 6% - 8% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) and 35% of indus...Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is by mass the largest manufactured product on Earth, responsible for approximately 6% - 8% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) and 35% of industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. On average 0.8 to 0.9 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> is emitted to produce one ton of OPC. In this paper, partial substitution of clinker (30% - 35%) by the calcined clay-limestone mixture was investigated in order to produce an eco-cement (LC3). Analyzes by XRF, XRD and ATG/ATD have characterized different components, determined the calcination temperature and selected the right clay which can act as effective Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). Mechanical tests on mortar carried out over a period of 90 days. The WBCSD/WRI “Greenhouse Gas Protocol” methodology then allowed the calculation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions into the atmosphere. Three types of clay are available in the Songololo Region. The kaolinite is the principal clay mineral and its content varies from 27% to 34%. The sum of kaolinite and amorphous phase which enable clay to react with cementitious material ranges from 57% to 60%. The SiO<sub>2</sub> content ranges from 33% to 76%, the Alumina content from 12% to 20% so that the ratio Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> is on the higher side (0.17 - 0.53). The calcination window is between 750°C and 850°C and the best clay which can act as SCM identified. The clinker’s substitution reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from 0.824 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of OPC to 0.640 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of LC3, means 22% less emissions. The compressive strengths developed by LC3 vary from 8.91 to 57.6 MPa (Day 1 to Day 90), exceed those of references 32.5 cement and are close to 42.5 cement. In view of the results, LC3 cement can be considered for industrial trials.展开更多
为了研究石灰石粉细度、掺量及浆体的静置时间对水泥(Cement,简称C)-石灰石粉(Limestone Powder,简称LP)浆体流变性能的影响,采用Anton Paar MCR 102型旋转流变仪,测试C-LP浆体中400目(LP1)和800目(LP2)LP对流变曲线的影响。采用Herache...为了研究石灰石粉细度、掺量及浆体的静置时间对水泥(Cement,简称C)-石灰石粉(Limestone Powder,简称LP)浆体流变性能的影响,采用Anton Paar MCR 102型旋转流变仪,测试C-LP浆体中400目(LP1)和800目(LP2)LP对流变曲线的影响。采用Herachel-Bulkey(H-B)模型及Bingham模型拟合经时流变曲线得到浆体屈服应力、流变指数及塑性黏度等参数,并通过计算剪切测试下滞回环面积以表征浆体的触变性能。同时,通过Andreasen颗粒紧密堆积模型计算得出体系中颗粒分布模数,基于颗粒体积分数计算体系中固体颗粒总比表面积,并对体系水化放热过程进行分析,从而进一步解释石灰石粉不同细度、掺量及不同静置时间对浆体流变行为的影响机制。研究结果表明,随石灰石粉掺量或细度的增大,浆体体系中固体颗粒堆积密实程度增大;石灰石粉的细度比掺量对水泥水化放热的影响程度更大。增加LP1掺量,浆体屈服应力及塑性黏度下降;增加LP2掺量,浆体屈服应力及塑性黏度上升;静置时间的延长使浆体屈服应力及塑性黏度均增大;掺入适量(质量分数为20%~50%)LP1或LP2均对增强浆体屈服应力、塑性黏度及触变性有显著作用。从开始搅拌至90 min内,影响C-LP浆体流变参数的因素以颗粒的物理填充效应和分子间作用力为主。展开更多
文摘Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is by mass the largest manufactured product on Earth, responsible for approximately 6% - 8% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) and 35% of industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. On average 0.8 to 0.9 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> is emitted to produce one ton of OPC. In this paper, partial substitution of clinker (30% - 35%) by the calcined clay-limestone mixture was investigated in order to produce an eco-cement (LC3). Analyzes by XRF, XRD and ATG/ATD have characterized different components, determined the calcination temperature and selected the right clay which can act as effective Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). Mechanical tests on mortar carried out over a period of 90 days. The WBCSD/WRI “Greenhouse Gas Protocol” methodology then allowed the calculation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions into the atmosphere. Three types of clay are available in the Songololo Region. The kaolinite is the principal clay mineral and its content varies from 27% to 34%. The sum of kaolinite and amorphous phase which enable clay to react with cementitious material ranges from 57% to 60%. The SiO<sub>2</sub> content ranges from 33% to 76%, the Alumina content from 12% to 20% so that the ratio Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> is on the higher side (0.17 - 0.53). The calcination window is between 750°C and 850°C and the best clay which can act as SCM identified. The clinker’s substitution reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from 0.824 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of OPC to 0.640 ton of CO<sub>2</sub> for one ton of LC3, means 22% less emissions. The compressive strengths developed by LC3 vary from 8.91 to 57.6 MPa (Day 1 to Day 90), exceed those of references 32.5 cement and are close to 42.5 cement. In view of the results, LC3 cement can be considered for industrial trials.
