The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods most commonly used to measure time spent outdoors and provide a comprehensive review of time and activity recording methods with the aim of encouraging the devel...The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods most commonly used to measure time spent outdoors and provide a comprehensive review of time and activity recording methods with the aim of encouraging the development of new methods. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from Jan. 1st, 1990 to Aug. 31th, 2017. Studies including the following specific terms： “outdoor”, “outside”, “outdoor activity”, “outside activity”, “outdoor time”, “outside time”, and “outdoor AND measurement of time spent outdoors” were considered for this review. In total, three kinds of outdoor time measurements were discussed. Questionnaires have the longest history and are the most thoroughly revised instruments for assessing time spent outdoors, but recall bias is their most substantial drawback. Global positioning system （GPS） tracking can distinguish between indoor and outdoor locations, but its utility is limited due to several factors such as subject compatibility. Light exposure measurement devices are newly emerging, but all of these devices require good subject cooperation. Further efforts and exploration are needed to develop better methods and new tools to record exposure to the outdoors in real time. Moreover, inventing a new device by combining two or more types of devices mentioned above and using the latest technology of en ergy supplementation and autoswitching may make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages of each tool.展开更多
In museum design and operation,daylight is typically discouraged due to high risk of damaging the display objects.However,past studies in high-latitude regions have shown the possibility to apply daylight in museums,s...In museum design and operation,daylight is typically discouraged due to high risk of damaging the display objects.However,past studies in high-latitude regions have shown the possibility to apply daylight in museums,so long as it is carefully planned,and the display objects are not from the category of high responsive materials.In the tropical region,the influence of daylighting on light exposure on museum objects is still unknown.This study therefore aims to assess and mitigate the impact of annual daylight exposure on objects with low responsive materials in a tropical daylit museum building.Annual daylight modelling and simulation are performed to achieve the objective,followed with Morris sensitivity analysis and Mahalanobis distance classifier to optimise the outcome.It is found that either WWR or glazing transmissivity gives the greatest influence on the performance indicators.Based on the proposed optimisation algorithm,it is possible to determine the optimum solutions satisfying the performance indicators target,for a certain opening type.Overall,the contribution of this study is the proposed computational modelling and simulation methods to mitigate the exposure risk while optimising daylight as a renewable energy source.展开更多
目的探讨儿童睡眠期间卧室夜间光(LAN)暴露与1年后随访体质量指数(BMI)的关联,为预防儿童肥胖提供新策略。方法于2021年12月—2022年5月采用整群随机抽样方法在安徽省滁州市天长市2所小学648名儿童中开展LAN暴露测量,使用便携式照度计...目的探讨儿童睡眠期间卧室夜间光(LAN)暴露与1年后随访体质量指数(BMI)的关联,为预防儿童肥胖提供新策略。方法于2021年12月—2022年5月采用整群随机抽样方法在安徽省滁州市天长市2所小学648名儿童中开展LAN暴露测量,使用便携式照度计评估儿童睡眠期间卧室LAN暴露,并于2022年5月开展问卷调查和体格检查,采用多元线性回归模型分析睡眠期间不同时段卧室LAN暴露与1年随访(2023年5月)BMI变化量的关联。结果儿童睡眠期间平均LAN暴露为1.11(0.35,3.24)lx,27.5%的儿童睡眠期间LAN≥3 lx,19.0%的儿童睡眠期间LAN≥5 lx。多元线性回归分析结果显示,调整性别、基线年龄、睡眠时长、家庭月收入、母亲学历后,睡后1 h LAN≥3 lx和睡后1 h LAN≥5 lx组儿童1年后随访BMI分别增加0.25和0.34 kg/m^(2)[β值(95%CI)分别为0.25(0.05~0.44),0.34(0.12~0.55),P值均<0.05]。结论儿童睡眠期间卧室夜间LAN暴露与1年随访BMI变化量存在正关联。降低睡眠期间卧室LAN暴露水平可能是预防儿童肥胖的有效措施之一。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Staff(No.81402695)the Key Discipline of Public Health-Eye Health in Shanghai(No.15GWZK0601)
文摘The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods most commonly used to measure time spent outdoors and provide a comprehensive review of time and activity recording methods with the aim of encouraging the development of new methods. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from Jan. 1st, 1990 to Aug. 31th, 2017. Studies including the following specific terms： “outdoor”, “outside”, “outdoor activity”, “outside activity”, “outdoor time”, “outside time”, and “outdoor AND measurement of time spent outdoors” were considered for this review. In total, three kinds of outdoor time measurements were discussed. Questionnaires have the longest history and are the most thoroughly revised instruments for assessing time spent outdoors, but recall bias is their most substantial drawback. Global positioning system （GPS） tracking can distinguish between indoor and outdoor locations, but its utility is limited due to several factors such as subject compatibility. Light exposure measurement devices are newly emerging, but all of these devices require good subject cooperation. Further efforts and exploration are needed to develop better methods and new tools to record exposure to the outdoors in real time. Moreover, inventing a new device by combining two or more types of devices mentioned above and using the latest technology of en ergy supplementation and autoswitching may make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages of each tool.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia,through the PDUPT 2021 Research Program.
文摘In museum design and operation,daylight is typically discouraged due to high risk of damaging the display objects.However,past studies in high-latitude regions have shown the possibility to apply daylight in museums,so long as it is carefully planned,and the display objects are not from the category of high responsive materials.In the tropical region,the influence of daylighting on light exposure on museum objects is still unknown.This study therefore aims to assess and mitigate the impact of annual daylight exposure on objects with low responsive materials in a tropical daylit museum building.Annual daylight modelling and simulation are performed to achieve the objective,followed with Morris sensitivity analysis and Mahalanobis distance classifier to optimise the outcome.It is found that either WWR or glazing transmissivity gives the greatest influence on the performance indicators.Based on the proposed optimisation algorithm,it is possible to determine the optimum solutions satisfying the performance indicators target,for a certain opening type.Overall,the contribution of this study is the proposed computational modelling and simulation methods to mitigate the exposure risk while optimising daylight as a renewable energy source.
文摘目的探讨儿童睡眠期间卧室夜间光(LAN)暴露与1年后随访体质量指数(BMI)的关联,为预防儿童肥胖提供新策略。方法于2021年12月—2022年5月采用整群随机抽样方法在安徽省滁州市天长市2所小学648名儿童中开展LAN暴露测量,使用便携式照度计评估儿童睡眠期间卧室LAN暴露,并于2022年5月开展问卷调查和体格检查,采用多元线性回归模型分析睡眠期间不同时段卧室LAN暴露与1年随访(2023年5月)BMI变化量的关联。结果儿童睡眠期间平均LAN暴露为1.11(0.35,3.24)lx,27.5%的儿童睡眠期间LAN≥3 lx,19.0%的儿童睡眠期间LAN≥5 lx。多元线性回归分析结果显示,调整性别、基线年龄、睡眠时长、家庭月收入、母亲学历后,睡后1 h LAN≥3 lx和睡后1 h LAN≥5 lx组儿童1年后随访BMI分别增加0.25和0.34 kg/m^(2)[β值(95%CI)分别为0.25(0.05~0.44),0.34(0.12~0.55),P值均<0.05]。结论儿童睡眠期间卧室夜间LAN暴露与1年随访BMI变化量存在正关联。降低睡眠期间卧室LAN暴露水平可能是预防儿童肥胖的有效措施之一。
