Classical sorting by reversals uses the unit-cost model, that is, each reversal consumes an equal cost. This model limits the biological meaning of sorting by reversal. Bender and his colleagues extended it by assigni...Classical sorting by reversals uses the unit-cost model, that is, each reversal consumes an equal cost. This model limits the biological meaning of sorting by reversal. Bender and his colleagues extended it by assigning a cost function f（1） = l^a for all a≥ 0, where l is the length of the reversed subsequence. In this paper, we extend their results by considering a model in which long reversals are prohibited. Using the same cost function above for permitted reversals, we present tight or nearly tight bounds for the worst-case cost of sorting by reversals. Then we develop algorithms to approximate the optimal cost to sort a given 0/1 sequence as well as a given permutation. Our proposed problems are more biologically meaningful and more algorithmically general and challenging than the problem considered by Bender et al. Furthermore, our bounds are tight and nearly tight, whereas our algorithms provide good approximation ratios compared to the optimal cost to sort 0/1 sequences or permutations by reversals.展开更多
Length frequency data of small yellow croaker （Larimichthys polyactis） were acquired from the survey vessel in May, July, September and December, 2011 in Haizhou Bay of China. In this study, 921 fish individuals wer...Length frequency data of small yellow croaker （Larimichthys polyactis） were acquired from the survey vessel in May, July, September and December, 2011 in Haizhou Bay of China. In this study, 921 fish individuals were analyzed for the estimation of growth and mortality parameters. Between length and weight, the power coefficient b was 2.7321, 2.9703, 3.0418 and 2.7252 for the 4 surveying months, respectively. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were 230mm （L∞） and 0.26yr-1 （K） as were calculated with ELEFAN method equipped in FiSAT computer package. With length-converted catch curve analysis, the total mortality rate （Z） and its 95% confidence interval were 2.16 （1.69-2.64） yr-1, 0.59 （0.15-1.04） yr-1, 1.16 （0.80-1.52） yrl and 0.96 （0.70-1.23） yr1 for the 4 surveying months, respectively, with the pooled data the value was 1.15 （0.81-1.48） yr1. The natural mor- tality rate （M） was 0.516 yr 1 as was calculated with Pauly＇s equation （the annual average sea water temperature was 11 ℃）. Therefore, fish mortality rate was 0.634 yrz. The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 1, Fmax, was 0.7 and F01 was 0.55. Cur- rently, the age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.634. Therefore, Fcurrent was larger than F0.1 and less than Fmax. This indicates that current fish mortality is at a dangerously high level. With Gulland method, the biological reference point for fishery （Fopt） was estimated as 0.516 yr1, lower than current fish mortality. Accordingly, reducing catch in the region was strongly recom- mended.展开更多
The length-weight relationship and allometric growth patterns of hatchery-reared Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus(Dabry de Thiersant, 1872), were determined from hatching to 60 days after hatching. A best power ...The length-weight relationship and allometric growth patterns of hatchery-reared Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus(Dabry de Thiersant, 1872), were determined from hatching to 60 days after hatching. A best power model was estimated for the length-weight relationship during the early life stages. Positive allometric growth for the head segment, trunk length, tail length and eye diameter was also found in the early life stages, while body depth, tail depth, tail fi n length, pectoral fi n length and barbel length displayed a negative coeffi cient. During the subsequent early developmental stage, the growth coeffi cients showed a clear and common tendency towards isometry for all measured body ratios. The allometric growth changes in Chinese loach during the early stage are possibly the result of selective organogenesis directed towards survival priorities.展开更多
Knowledge about the population dynamics within a specific spatial area is vital for the effective planning and management of important fishery resources.Population parameters,including the asymptotic length(L∞),growt...Knowledge about the population dynamics within a specific spatial area is vital for the effective planning and management of important fishery resources.Population parameters,including the asymptotic length(L∞),growth coefficient(K),mortalities(Z,F,and M),recruitment pattern,exploitation level(E),and yield per recruit(Y’/R),of the tropical oyster Magallana bilineata in Mengkabong Bay,Tuaran,Malaysia were analyzed by using the FiSAT software,using on the monthly shell length-frequency data collected from April 2019 to March 2020.A total of 435 oysters with shell lengths ranging from 3.64 to 11.16 cm were analyzed.Habitat water temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen,hydrogen ion concentration(pH),and chlorophyll concentration were measured at 29.0-33.7◦C,26.68-35.74 psμ,3.18-6.99 mg/L,6.57-8.29 and 1.51-98.93μg/L,respectively.The logarithmic relationship between the length and weight of Log W=1.9055 Log L+0.1049(R2=0.5431)with exponent b of 1.9055 for combined sexes showed a negative allometric growth(b<3),indicating that the oysters in Mengkabong Bay are skinny.Several management measures have been proposed to promote high meat growth,including the use of genetically selected seeds,selection of new farming sites and adoption of grow-out methods that favour high meat growth.Asymptotic length(L∞)and growth coefficient(K)of the von Bertalanffy Growth Formula(VBGF)for M.bilineata were estimated at 12.13 cm and 1.00 yr1,respectively.The theoretical ages at length zero(t0)(0.0487)were estimated by substituting L∞and K in Pauly’s equation.The sizes attained by M.bilineata were 3.76,5.04,6.13,7.05,7.83,and 8.49 cm at the end of 2,4,6,8,10,and 12 months,respectively.The calculated growth performance index(φ)for M.bilineata in Mengkabong Bay was 2.168,while the estimated lifespan was 3 years.The recruitment pattern was observed year-round,with higher recruitment activities in September-October 2019 and January 2020.The total mortality(Z)was analyzed using the length-converted catch curve and estimated at 3.04 展开更多
In this study we aimed to analyze the effects of water temperature and diet on the length-weight rela- tionship and condition of juvenile Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus over a 30-d experimental period. The...In this study we aimed to analyze the effects of water temperature and diet on the length-weight rela- tionship and condition of juvenile Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus over a 30-d experimental period. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a flow-through-sea-water system. The fish were subjected to four different temperatures （22, 26, 30, and 34 ℃） and two diets （commercial pellet and natural shrimp）. Fish were fed twice daily. L. malabancus exhibited negative allometric growth （b〈3） at the beginning of the experiment （Day 0） at all temperatures and both diets except for 22 ℃ fed with shrimp, which showed isometric growth （b=3）. Conversely, at the end of the experiment （Day 30） fish showed isometric growth （b=3） at 30 ℃ fed with the pellet diet, indicating that the shape of the fish did not change with increasing weight and length, and a positive allometric growth （b〉3） at 30 ℃ fed with shrimp diet, which indicated that fish weight increases faster than their length. The rest of the temperatures represented negative allometric growth （b〈3） on both diet, meaning that fish became lighter with increasing size. The condition factors in the initial and final measurements were greater than 1, indicating the state of health of the fish, except for those fed on a pellet diet at 34 ℃. However, the best condition was obtained at 30 ℃ on both diets. Nev- ertheless, diets did not have a significant effect on growth and condition of juvenile L. malabaricus. The data obtained from this study suggested culturing L. malabaricus at 30 ℃ and feeding on the pellet or shrimp diet, which will optimize the overall production and condition of this commercially important fish species.展开更多
This study reflects the biometric characters of the endangered species Nandus nandus(Hamilton,1822)including sex ratio,length-length relationships(LLRs),and length-weight relationships(LWRs)utilizing the sum of 14 lin...This study reflects the biometric characters of the endangered species Nandus nandus(Hamilton,1822)including sex ratio,length-length relationships(LLRs),and length-weight relationships(LWRs)utilizing the sum of 14 linear variables,various meristic measurements,reproductive biology,and condition factor from the Borni Baor,a large wetland ecosystem of southwestern Bangladesh.A total of 579 specimens of N.nandus have been periodically collected from the Borni Baor throughout the year(January-December,2019)using different traditional fishing gears.Highly significant LLRs(r^(2)>0.90)values indicate that length parameters are profoundly associated with one another.In the LWR formula(W=aL^(b)),higher exponent b values(b>3.0)were demonstrating a positive allometric growth with a high correlation coefficient(r^(2)>0.94).Moreover,monthly gonadosomatic index and dobriyal index fluctuations suggest the primary breeding season of this fish is from March to July.Data revealed the breeding time was associated strongly with the rainfall and air temperature(p<0.05).The results of our study exposed a cutting-edge biometric feature of this endangered species that would be applicable for fish stock evaluation and making management strategies and conservation policy for this valuable fish resource.展开更多
Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus（Bloch, 1791） is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009...Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus（Bloch, 1791） is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009 and May–June, August, October and November in 2010 were carried out. The purpose of this study is to estimate the population dynamics and status of the stock of the N. japonicus from Pakistani waters based on the research trawl surveys from the research area. The data consist of n=784 length-weight pairs and n=7 530 length frequency with the maximum length and weight of 29 cm and 358 g respectively. The length frequency data were analyzed using ELEFAN method in FiSAT computer package. The parameters of length and weight relationship were b=2.778, a=0.032 and R2=0.973. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=30.45 cm, K=0.270 year-1. Based on length-converted catch curve analysis the total mortality（Z） during this study was estimated at 0.960 year-1. The natural mortality coefficient（M） was 0.74 year-1 using Pauly＇s equation（the annual average sea surface temperature was 27°C）, therefore, the fishing mortality coefficients（F） were 0.22 year-1. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 2, Fmax was estimated at 1.2 and F0.1 at 1.1. When tc was 1, Fmax was estimated at 0.95 and F0.1 at 0.8. Because current age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.22, Fcurrent is smaller than F0.1 and Fmax, which indicated that the fishery is about in a safe condition. When using Gulland（1971） biological reference point, Fopt was equals to M（0.74）. The current fishing mortality rate of 0.22 was smaller than the target biological reference point.展开更多
The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters （a and b） for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships （LWR） are calculated fo...The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters （a and b） for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships （LWR） are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR （W=aL^b） vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient （r^2） is significant for all the species. These parameters axe of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.展开更多
The present paper provided length-weight relationship(LWR)and length-length(LLR)relationship for the nine freshwater species from Huaihongxinhe River,a tributary of Huaihe River in east China.The data was based on mon...The present paper provided length-weight relationship(LWR)and length-length(LLR)relationship for the nine freshwater species from Huaihongxinhe River,a tributary of Huaihe River in east China.The data was based on monthly sampling(from August 2016 to December 2016)of the nine fish species.Samples were obtained using barrier net,gill net and ground cage in Huaihongxinhe River.The log-transformed data were used to establish the standard length-body weight and standard length-total length relationships by linear regression analyses.This study would be useful for fishery management and conversation in Huaihe River Basin.展开更多
In order to plan a management programme for ensuring maximum production of fish in Cross River, impacted downstream changes in the fish community structure by effluents from wood processing industry, six years after e...In order to plan a management programme for ensuring maximum production of fish in Cross River, impacted downstream changes in the fish community structure by effluents from wood processing industry, six years after establishment, was examined. Monthly samples were collected between January and December each year from 2000 to 2006 in three reaches (Upriver: I, Mid-river: II and Downriver: III) along the length of Cross River. Representatives of the fish families Osteoglossidae (i.e. Heterotis niloticus), Cichlidae (Tilapia melonopleura) and Characidae (Bryocinus nurse), Clupeidae (Cynothrissa sp), Mormyridae (Mormyrus deliciosus), Clariidae (Clarias gariepinus), Bagridae (Bagrus bayad) and Cyprinidae (Barbus occidentalis) were found to have declined in their importance compared to pre-industry period. On the other hand, Bagridae (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus), Cichlidaae (Orechromis niloticus), Claridae (Clarias anguillaris) and Mochokidae (Synodontis clarias) have currently emerged as most important. Estimated value of growth coefficient (b) of the length-weight relationship changed from isometry (b approx. = 3) to negative allometry (b ≤ 3), condition factor values decreased from range between 0.53 and 1.30 to range between 0.22 and 0.62. Main feeding groups of fish;planktivores, carnivores and insectivores declined in numbers while omnivores and detritivores increased, resulting in dominance of benthic and semi-pelagic omnivores. Values of fecundity distribution varied from 56,012 ± 5234 eggs, mode 12,500 and median 58,345 to mean value 23,122 ± 232 eggs, mode 2500 and median 20,349, egg size from mean value;1.82 ± 0.07 mm, mode 2.2, and median;1.8 to values of 0.8 ± 0.04 mm, mode;1.3 and median 1.1 and Gonadosomatic index from 20.5 ± 3.2, mode 19.1 ± 2.2 and median 21.4 to values of 12.4 ± 2.3, mode 4.5 and median 9.5 respectively. Three species found to have appeared in the river were Tilapia monody, Chrysichthys maurus and Synodontis violaceus. The appearance of these species and disappearance of 36展开更多
Objective:To investigate some important aspects of the biology of Callinectes amnicola(C.amnicola)such as fecundity,carapace length-weight relationship,condition factor and carapace length frequency distribution from ...Objective:To investigate some important aspects of the biology of Callinectes amnicola(C.amnicola)such as fecundity,carapace length-weight relationship,condition factor and carapace length frequency distribution from the Cross River estuary,Nigeria.Methods:A total of one hundred and twenty ovigerous females of C.amnicola,freshly caught with basket traps,lift net trap,and gill net were collected from the catches of the artisanal fisheries in the study area between June 2012 and May 2013.Fecundity,carapace length-weight relationship,condition factor and carapace length frequency distribution were determined and analyzed following standard methods.Results:Fecundity(F)ranged between 73090 eggs for crab of carapace length 8.1 cm and total weight 34 g and 809450 eggs for crab of carapace length 16.1 cm and total weight 395 g with a mean of 311808.93±17693.94 eggs.There was a positive significant relationship between fecundity and carapace length,total weight and condition factor as follows:F=6839.7CL^(1.4403)(r^(2)=0.2145,P<0.05),F=15302TW^(0.5798)(r^(2)=0.4079,P<0.05),F=147255K^(0.2788)(r=0.2717,r^(2)=0.0738,P<0.05).A significant linear relationship between carapace length and weight of C.amnicola is given by the equation:Log W=2.0447LogL–0.1389(r^(2)=0.3357,P<0.05).The crab exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern(b=2.0447).Condition factor ranged between 21.48 to 104.95 with a mean value of 47.21±2.17.The carapace length frequency distribution showed a unimodal class size distribution.Conclusions:Findings of this study is crucial in assessing the population dynamics and development of management strategies of the the Blue crab,C.amnicola from the estuary such as mesh size regulation,fishing season and fishing ground regulation in the Cross River estuary.Also,findings of this study will be useful in evaluation of the aquaculture potential of the Blue crab C.amnicola,which is a valuable shell fish for the inhabitants estuary.展开更多
Objective:To determine length-weight relationships,growth type and feeding behavior of the benthic predator Rapa whelk at the coast of Camburnu,south-eastern Black Sea.Methods:Rapa whelk was monthly collected by dredg...Objective:To determine length-weight relationships,growth type and feeding behavior of the benthic predator Rapa whelk at the coast of Camburnu,south-eastern Black Sea.Methods:Rapa whelk was monthly collected by dredge sampling on the south-eastern Black Sea at 20 m depth.The relationships between morphometric parameters of Rapa whelk were described by linear and exponential models.The allometric growth of each variable relative to shell length(SL)was calculated from the function Y=aSL^(b) or logY=loga_(+)blogSL.The functional regression b values were tested by t-test at the 0.05 significance level if it was significantly different from isometric growth.The total time spent on feeding either on mussel tissue or live mussels was recorded for each individual under controlled conditions in laboratory.Results:The length-weight relationships showed positive allometric growth and no inter-sex variability.Body size in the male population was significantly higher than in the individuals of the female.All characters in males and females showed a trend towards allometry rather than isometry.While the total time spent feeding increased with increasing prey size the total time that Rapana venosa spent feeding decreased with increasing Rapa whelk size.The total average feeding time needed by Rapa whelks was 160 min.But they took 310 min on live mussels in 27-28℃ in the laboratory conditions.Conclusions:Length and weight relationships,growth type,total time spent feeding of this species were explained in details for this region.It would be useful to sustainable management in the south-eastern Black Sea of Turkey.The results about the feeding behaviour of this species will contribute to the understanding of the role of this species within the ecosystem.展开更多
Objective:To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(R.corsula),including length-weight relationships(LWRS),condition factors(Allometric,K_(A);Fulton's,K_(F);Relative,K_(R);Relative weight,...Objective:To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(R.corsula),including length-weight relationships(LWRS),condition factors(Allometric,K_(A);Fulton's,K_(F);Relative,K_(R);Relative weight,W_(R)),and sex ratio and length-frequency distributions in the Ganges(Padma River),Northwestern Bangladesh.Methods:Monthly sampling was conducted using traditional fishing gears during June to August 2012.Total length was measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using digital slide calipers,and total body weight was measured using an electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy.The LWR was calculated using the expression:W=a×L_(b),where the W is the body weight,L is the total length,a and b are the parameters of the regression.Results:A total of 350 specimens ranging from 8.59-15.71 cm in total length and 9.57-32.59 g in body weight were analyzed during this study.The overall sex ratio was not significantly different from the expected value of 1:1(X^(2)=2.57,P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the length-frequency distributions between the sexes(P=0.03).The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated negative allometric growth(b=3.00)in males,female and combined sexes.Results further indicated that Kr was not significantly different between the sexes(P=0.57).However,the mean W_(R)of R.corsula showed significant differences from 100 for males(P=0.03)and females(P<0.001)in this study,indicating the imbalance habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators.Conclusions:This study reported the first description of biometric relationships for R.corsula,which would be useful for the sustainable conservation of this rear fishery in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.展开更多
Tinca tinca(L.,1758)grafted into Turkish inland waters in 1970 has shown constantly widening distribution since then.It is a locally consumed species with limited economic value.The elucidation of length-weigh relatio...Tinca tinca(L.,1758)grafted into Turkish inland waters in 1970 has shown constantly widening distribution since then.It is a locally consumed species with limited economic value.The elucidation of length-weigh relation,condition factor and biological features are of great importance in the determination of the effects of different habitats on particular species.T.tinca is regarded as an important species to be monitored among the fish taxa.This study was intended to study some biological aspects of T.tinca population in Asartepe Reservoir and to compare the results with the available information.The study has been carried out on 131 T.tinca species caught in Asartepe Reservoir between the periods of March 2015-February 2016.The morphometric and meristic properties and the ratio of some diagnostic features to the standard length were elucidated.The highest and the lowest variations observed among the morphometric features were in body length with 21.35%and eye diameter with 8.31%.The corresponding values for the meristic features were pectoral fin unbranched rays with 30.09%and number of vertebrae with 2.68%.The highest percentage relative to the standard length was found in predorsal distance with 56.95%.The age distribution of T.tinca population was between the ranges of 1-9 years of age.The average weight and length were found to be 520.58±207.84 g(103-1,302 g)and 308.68±41.38 mm(190-429 mm).The parameters of a and b of length and weight relation and the correlation coefficient were found to be 0.9692,3.0522 and 1.6807±0.1264(1.4199-2.0368),respectively.The results indicate that the growth level of T.tinca population is satisfactory.展开更多
Length-weight relationship provides basic information of a fi sh’s condition while the morphometric data of otolith has been traditionally used to determine the range of fi sh sizes for various purposes.The length-we...Length-weight relationship provides basic information of a fi sh’s condition while the morphometric data of otolith has been traditionally used to determine the range of fi sh sizes for various purposes.The length-weight relationship of Terapon jarbua(Forskål,1775)was examined from 165 specimens,while 132 specimens were used in sagittal otolith biometry measurements.Fish specimens were obtained from various locations in Malaysia including Pahang,Selangor,Sarawak,and Sabah.The total length of fi sh ranged 12.5–32.5 cm,while the total weight ranged 26.28–444.30 g.The otolith length ranged 0.423–1.070 cm,and the otolith weight was 0.0103–0.1572 g.The specimens displayed a mixture of positive and negative allometry growth as indicated by fl uctuating b values between 2.74 and 3.15.The overall coeffi cient of determination(R 2)between fi sh length and weight was 0.9729,which implies a strong correlation.All regressions between the fi sh length and otolith dimensions were highly signifi cant(P<0.001).The otolith dimensions found to be most closely related to the fi sh total length was the otolith weight.This was supported by the regression model showing a high R 2 value of 86.57%.The aspect ratio of otolith was 1.80±0.14(mean±SD).Results confi rm that the otolith growth refl ects the somatic growth of T.jarbua.The length-weight relationship explained the growth conditions of the fi shes in each location while the overall b value of 2.91 indicates that the condition of T.jarbua grown in Malaysian waters during the study period was generally in good condition.This study contributed to the database on the morphometric data of otolith of T.jarbua as well as the fi rst report on fi sh length-weight relationship for T.jarbua in Malaysia.展开更多
文摘Classical sorting by reversals uses the unit-cost model, that is, each reversal consumes an equal cost. This model limits the biological meaning of sorting by reversal. Bender and his colleagues extended it by assigning a cost function f（1） = l^a for all a≥ 0, where l is the length of the reversed subsequence. In this paper, we extend their results by considering a model in which long reversals are prohibited. Using the same cost function above for permitted reversals, we present tight or nearly tight bounds for the worst-case cost of sorting by reversals. Then we develop algorithms to approximate the optimal cost to sort a given 0/1 sequence as well as a given permutation. Our proposed problems are more biologically meaningful and more algorithmically general and challenging than the problem considered by Bender et al. Furthermore, our bounds are tight and nearly tight, whereas our algorithms provide good approximation ratios compared to the optimal cost to sort 0/1 sequences or permutations by reversals.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Grant No. 201022001)
文摘Length frequency data of small yellow croaker （Larimichthys polyactis） were acquired from the survey vessel in May, July, September and December, 2011 in Haizhou Bay of China. In this study, 921 fish individuals were analyzed for the estimation of growth and mortality parameters. Between length and weight, the power coefficient b was 2.7321, 2.9703, 3.0418 and 2.7252 for the 4 surveying months, respectively. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were 230mm （L∞） and 0.26yr-1 （K） as were calculated with ELEFAN method equipped in FiSAT computer package. With length-converted catch curve analysis, the total mortality rate （Z） and its 95% confidence interval were 2.16 （1.69-2.64） yr-1, 0.59 （0.15-1.04） yr-1, 1.16 （0.80-1.52） yrl and 0.96 （0.70-1.23） yr1 for the 4 surveying months, respectively, with the pooled data the value was 1.15 （0.81-1.48） yr1. The natural mor- tality rate （M） was 0.516 yr 1 as was calculated with Pauly＇s equation （the annual average sea water temperature was 11 ℃）. Therefore, fish mortality rate was 0.634 yrz. The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 1, Fmax, was 0.7 and F01 was 0.55. Cur- rently, the age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.634. Therefore, Fcurrent was larger than F0.1 and less than Fmax. This indicates that current fish mortality is at a dangerously high level. With Gulland method, the biological reference point for fishery （Fopt） was estimated as 0.516 yr1, lower than current fish mortality. Accordingly, reducing catch in the region was strongly recom- mended.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2012BAD25B08,2012BAD25B00)
文摘The length-weight relationship and allometric growth patterns of hatchery-reared Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus(Dabry de Thiersant, 1872), were determined from hatching to 60 days after hatching. A best power model was estimated for the length-weight relationship during the early life stages. Positive allometric growth for the head segment, trunk length, tail length and eye diameter was also found in the early life stages, while body depth, tail depth, tail fi n length, pectoral fi n length and barbel length displayed a negative coeffi cient. During the subsequent early developmental stage, the growth coeffi cients showed a clear and common tendency towards isometry for all measured body ratios. The allometric growth changes in Chinese loach during the early stage are possibly the result of selective organogenesis directed towards survival priorities.
基金supported by the Universiti Malaysia Sabah Niche Area Research Scheme No.SDN0025-2019.
文摘Knowledge about the population dynamics within a specific spatial area is vital for the effective planning and management of important fishery resources.Population parameters,including the asymptotic length(L∞),growth coefficient(K),mortalities(Z,F,and M),recruitment pattern,exploitation level(E),and yield per recruit(Y’/R),of the tropical oyster Magallana bilineata in Mengkabong Bay,Tuaran,Malaysia were analyzed by using the FiSAT software,using on the monthly shell length-frequency data collected from April 2019 to March 2020.A total of 435 oysters with shell lengths ranging from 3.64 to 11.16 cm were analyzed.Habitat water temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen,hydrogen ion concentration(pH),and chlorophyll concentration were measured at 29.0-33.7◦C,26.68-35.74 psμ,3.18-6.99 mg/L,6.57-8.29 and 1.51-98.93μg/L,respectively.The logarithmic relationship between the length and weight of Log W=1.9055 Log L+0.1049(R2=0.5431)with exponent b of 1.9055 for combined sexes showed a negative allometric growth(b<3),indicating that the oysters in Mengkabong Bay are skinny.Several management measures have been proposed to promote high meat growth,including the use of genetically selected seeds,selection of new farming sites and adoption of grow-out methods that favour high meat growth.Asymptotic length(L∞)and growth coefficient(K)of the von Bertalanffy Growth Formula(VBGF)for M.bilineata were estimated at 12.13 cm and 1.00 yr1,respectively.The theoretical ages at length zero(t0)(0.0487)were estimated by substituting L∞and K in Pauly’s equation.The sizes attained by M.bilineata were 3.76,5.04,6.13,7.05,7.83,and 8.49 cm at the end of 2,4,6,8,10,and 12 months,respectively.The calculated growth performance index(φ)for M.bilineata in Mengkabong Bay was 2.168,while the estimated lifespan was 3 years.The recruitment pattern was observed year-round,with higher recruitment activities in September-October 2019 and January 2020.The total mortality(Z)was analyzed using the length-converted catch curve and estimated at 3.04
基金supported by the Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation Malaysia(MOSTI)(No.04-01-02-SF1208)
文摘In this study we aimed to analyze the effects of water temperature and diet on the length-weight rela- tionship and condition of juvenile Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus over a 30-d experimental period. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a flow-through-sea-water system. The fish were subjected to four different temperatures （22, 26, 30, and 34 ℃） and two diets （commercial pellet and natural shrimp）. Fish were fed twice daily. L. malabancus exhibited negative allometric growth （b〈3） at the beginning of the experiment （Day 0） at all temperatures and both diets except for 22 ℃ fed with shrimp, which showed isometric growth （b=3）. Conversely, at the end of the experiment （Day 30） fish showed isometric growth （b=3） at 30 ℃ fed with the pellet diet, indicating that the shape of the fish did not change with increasing weight and length, and a positive allometric growth （b〉3） at 30 ℃ fed with shrimp diet, which indicated that fish weight increases faster than their length. The rest of the temperatures represented negative allometric growth （b〈3） on both diet, meaning that fish became lighter with increasing size. The condition factors in the initial and final measurements were greater than 1, indicating the state of health of the fish, except for those fed on a pellet diet at 34 ℃. However, the best condition was obtained at 30 ℃ on both diets. Nev- ertheless, diets did not have a significant effect on growth and condition of juvenile L. malabaricus. The data obtained from this study suggested culturing L. malabaricus at 30 ℃ and feeding on the pellet or shrimp diet, which will optimize the overall production and condition of this commercially important fish species.
基金This study is funded by Patuakhali Science and Technology University research budget supported by University Grants Commission of Bangladesh.
文摘This study reflects the biometric characters of the endangered species Nandus nandus(Hamilton,1822)including sex ratio,length-length relationships(LLRs),and length-weight relationships(LWRs)utilizing the sum of 14 linear variables,various meristic measurements,reproductive biology,and condition factor from the Borni Baor,a large wetland ecosystem of southwestern Bangladesh.A total of 579 specimens of N.nandus have been periodically collected from the Borni Baor throughout the year(January-December,2019)using different traditional fishing gears.Highly significant LLRs(r^(2)>0.90)values indicate that length parameters are profoundly associated with one another.In the LWR formula(W=aL^(b)),higher exponent b values(b>3.0)were demonstrating a positive allometric growth with a high correlation coefficient(r^(2)>0.94).Moreover,monthly gonadosomatic index and dobriyal index fluctuations suggest the primary breeding season of this fish is from March to July.Data revealed the breeding time was associated strongly with the rainfall and air temperature(p<0.05).The results of our study exposed a cutting-edge biometric feature of this endangered species that would be applicable for fish stock evaluation and making management strategies and conservation policy for this valuable fish resource.
基金The special research fund of Ocean University of China under contract No.201022001
文摘Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus（Bloch, 1791） is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009 and May–June, August, October and November in 2010 were carried out. The purpose of this study is to estimate the population dynamics and status of the stock of the N. japonicus from Pakistani waters based on the research trawl surveys from the research area. The data consist of n=784 length-weight pairs and n=7 530 length frequency with the maximum length and weight of 29 cm and 358 g respectively. The length frequency data were analyzed using ELEFAN method in FiSAT computer package. The parameters of length and weight relationship were b=2.778, a=0.032 and R2=0.973. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=30.45 cm, K=0.270 year-1. Based on length-converted catch curve analysis the total mortality（Z） during this study was estimated at 0.960 year-1. The natural mortality coefficient（M） was 0.74 year-1 using Pauly＇s equation（the annual average sea surface temperature was 27°C）, therefore, the fishing mortality coefficients（F） were 0.22 year-1. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 2, Fmax was estimated at 1.2 and F0.1 at 1.1. When tc was 1, Fmax was estimated at 0.95 and F0.1 at 0.8. Because current age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.22, Fcurrent is smaller than F0.1 and Fmax, which indicated that the fishery is about in a safe condition. When using Gulland（1971） biological reference point, Fopt was equals to M（0.74）. The current fishing mortality rate of 0.22 was smaller than the target biological reference point.
文摘The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters （a and b） for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships （LWR） are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR （W=aL^b） vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient （r^2） is significant for all the species. These parameters axe of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.
基金Supported by Key R&D Program of Anhui Province(1804a07020144)Program of Introducing and Stabling Talents in Anhui Agricultural University(yj2017-25)。
文摘The present paper provided length-weight relationship(LWR)and length-length(LLR)relationship for the nine freshwater species from Huaihongxinhe River,a tributary of Huaihe River in east China.The data was based on monthly sampling(from August 2016 to December 2016)of the nine fish species.Samples were obtained using barrier net,gill net and ground cage in Huaihongxinhe River.The log-transformed data were used to establish the standard length-body weight and standard length-total length relationships by linear regression analyses.This study would be useful for fishery management and conversation in Huaihe River Basin.
文摘In order to plan a management programme for ensuring maximum production of fish in Cross River, impacted downstream changes in the fish community structure by effluents from wood processing industry, six years after establishment, was examined. Monthly samples were collected between January and December each year from 2000 to 2006 in three reaches (Upriver: I, Mid-river: II and Downriver: III) along the length of Cross River. Representatives of the fish families Osteoglossidae (i.e. Heterotis niloticus), Cichlidae (Tilapia melonopleura) and Characidae (Bryocinus nurse), Clupeidae (Cynothrissa sp), Mormyridae (Mormyrus deliciosus), Clariidae (Clarias gariepinus), Bagridae (Bagrus bayad) and Cyprinidae (Barbus occidentalis) were found to have declined in their importance compared to pre-industry period. On the other hand, Bagridae (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus), Cichlidaae (Orechromis niloticus), Claridae (Clarias anguillaris) and Mochokidae (Synodontis clarias) have currently emerged as most important. Estimated value of growth coefficient (b) of the length-weight relationship changed from isometry (b approx. = 3) to negative allometry (b ≤ 3), condition factor values decreased from range between 0.53 and 1.30 to range between 0.22 and 0.62. Main feeding groups of fish;planktivores, carnivores and insectivores declined in numbers while omnivores and detritivores increased, resulting in dominance of benthic and semi-pelagic omnivores. Values of fecundity distribution varied from 56,012 ± 5234 eggs, mode 12,500 and median 58,345 to mean value 23,122 ± 232 eggs, mode 2500 and median 20,349, egg size from mean value;1.82 ± 0.07 mm, mode 2.2, and median;1.8 to values of 0.8 ± 0.04 mm, mode;1.3 and median 1.1 and Gonadosomatic index from 20.5 ± 3.2, mode 19.1 ± 2.2 and median 21.4 to values of 12.4 ± 2.3, mode 4.5 and median 9.5 respectively. Three species found to have appeared in the river were Tilapia monody, Chrysichthys maurus and Synodontis violaceus. The appearance of these species and disappearance of 36
文摘Objective:To investigate some important aspects of the biology of Callinectes amnicola(C.amnicola)such as fecundity,carapace length-weight relationship,condition factor and carapace length frequency distribution from the Cross River estuary,Nigeria.Methods:A total of one hundred and twenty ovigerous females of C.amnicola,freshly caught with basket traps,lift net trap,and gill net were collected from the catches of the artisanal fisheries in the study area between June 2012 and May 2013.Fecundity,carapace length-weight relationship,condition factor and carapace length frequency distribution were determined and analyzed following standard methods.Results:Fecundity(F)ranged between 73090 eggs for crab of carapace length 8.1 cm and total weight 34 g and 809450 eggs for crab of carapace length 16.1 cm and total weight 395 g with a mean of 311808.93±17693.94 eggs.There was a positive significant relationship between fecundity and carapace length,total weight and condition factor as follows:F=6839.7CL^(1.4403)(r^(2)=0.2145,P<0.05),F=15302TW^(0.5798)(r^(2)=0.4079,P<0.05),F=147255K^(0.2788)(r=0.2717,r^(2)=0.0738,P<0.05).A significant linear relationship between carapace length and weight of C.amnicola is given by the equation:Log W=2.0447LogL–0.1389(r^(2)=0.3357,P<0.05).The crab exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern(b=2.0447).Condition factor ranged between 21.48 to 104.95 with a mean value of 47.21±2.17.The carapace length frequency distribution showed a unimodal class size distribution.Conclusions:Findings of this study is crucial in assessing the population dynamics and development of management strategies of the the Blue crab,C.amnicola from the estuary such as mesh size regulation,fishing season and fishing ground regulation in the Cross River estuary.Also,findings of this study will be useful in evaluation of the aquaculture potential of the Blue crab C.amnicola,which is a valuable shell fish for the inhabitants estuary.
基金supported by the Karadeniz Technical University,Trabzon,Turkey.
文摘Objective:To determine length-weight relationships,growth type and feeding behavior of the benthic predator Rapa whelk at the coast of Camburnu,south-eastern Black Sea.Methods:Rapa whelk was monthly collected by dredge sampling on the south-eastern Black Sea at 20 m depth.The relationships between morphometric parameters of Rapa whelk were described by linear and exponential models.The allometric growth of each variable relative to shell length(SL)was calculated from the function Y=aSL^(b) or logY=loga_(+)blogSL.The functional regression b values were tested by t-test at the 0.05 significance level if it was significantly different from isometric growth.The total time spent on feeding either on mussel tissue or live mussels was recorded for each individual under controlled conditions in laboratory.Results:The length-weight relationships showed positive allometric growth and no inter-sex variability.Body size in the male population was significantly higher than in the individuals of the female.All characters in males and females showed a trend towards allometry rather than isometry.While the total time spent feeding increased with increasing prey size the total time that Rapana venosa spent feeding decreased with increasing Rapa whelk size.The total average feeding time needed by Rapa whelks was 160 min.But they took 310 min on live mussels in 27-28℃ in the laboratory conditions.Conclusions:Length and weight relationships,growth type,total time spent feeding of this species were explained in details for this region.It would be useful to sustainable management in the south-eastern Black Sea of Turkey.The results about the feeding behaviour of this species will contribute to the understanding of the role of this species within the ecosystem.
基金Supported by UGC(University Grants Commission),Banglades
文摘Objective:To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(R.corsula),including length-weight relationships(LWRS),condition factors(Allometric,K_(A);Fulton's,K_(F);Relative,K_(R);Relative weight,W_(R)),and sex ratio and length-frequency distributions in the Ganges(Padma River),Northwestern Bangladesh.Methods:Monthly sampling was conducted using traditional fishing gears during June to August 2012.Total length was measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using digital slide calipers,and total body weight was measured using an electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy.The LWR was calculated using the expression:W=a×L_(b),where the W is the body weight,L is the total length,a and b are the parameters of the regression.Results:A total of 350 specimens ranging from 8.59-15.71 cm in total length and 9.57-32.59 g in body weight were analyzed during this study.The overall sex ratio was not significantly different from the expected value of 1:1(X^(2)=2.57,P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the length-frequency distributions between the sexes(P=0.03).The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated negative allometric growth(b=3.00)in males,female and combined sexes.Results further indicated that Kr was not significantly different between the sexes(P=0.57).However,the mean W_(R)of R.corsula showed significant differences from 100 for males(P=0.03)and females(P<0.001)in this study,indicating the imbalance habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators.Conclusions:This study reported the first description of biometric relationships for R.corsula,which would be useful for the sustainable conservation of this rear fishery in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.
文摘Tinca tinca(L.,1758)grafted into Turkish inland waters in 1970 has shown constantly widening distribution since then.It is a locally consumed species with limited economic value.The elucidation of length-weigh relation,condition factor and biological features are of great importance in the determination of the effects of different habitats on particular species.T.tinca is regarded as an important species to be monitored among the fish taxa.This study was intended to study some biological aspects of T.tinca population in Asartepe Reservoir and to compare the results with the available information.The study has been carried out on 131 T.tinca species caught in Asartepe Reservoir between the periods of March 2015-February 2016.The morphometric and meristic properties and the ratio of some diagnostic features to the standard length were elucidated.The highest and the lowest variations observed among the morphometric features were in body length with 21.35%and eye diameter with 8.31%.The corresponding values for the meristic features were pectoral fin unbranched rays with 30.09%and number of vertebrae with 2.68%.The highest percentage relative to the standard length was found in predorsal distance with 56.95%.The age distribution of T.tinca population was between the ranges of 1-9 years of age.The average weight and length were found to be 520.58±207.84 g(103-1,302 g)and 308.68±41.38 mm(190-429 mm).The parameters of a and b of length and weight relation and the correlation coefficient were found to be 0.9692,3.0522 and 1.6807±0.1264(1.4199-2.0368),respectively.The results indicate that the growth level of T.tinca population is satisfactory.
基金Supported by the University of Malaya,Research University Grants(No.RU009E-2018)the Top 100 Universities in the World Fund(No.TU001-2018)the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund project“Monitoring and conservation of the coastal ecosystem in the South China Sea”。
文摘Length-weight relationship provides basic information of a fi sh’s condition while the morphometric data of otolith has been traditionally used to determine the range of fi sh sizes for various purposes.The length-weight relationship of Terapon jarbua(Forskål,1775)was examined from 165 specimens,while 132 specimens were used in sagittal otolith biometry measurements.Fish specimens were obtained from various locations in Malaysia including Pahang,Selangor,Sarawak,and Sabah.The total length of fi sh ranged 12.5–32.5 cm,while the total weight ranged 26.28–444.30 g.The otolith length ranged 0.423–1.070 cm,and the otolith weight was 0.0103–0.1572 g.The specimens displayed a mixture of positive and negative allometry growth as indicated by fl uctuating b values between 2.74 and 3.15.The overall coeffi cient of determination(R 2)between fi sh length and weight was 0.9729,which implies a strong correlation.All regressions between the fi sh length and otolith dimensions were highly signifi cant(P<0.001).The otolith dimensions found to be most closely related to the fi sh total length was the otolith weight.This was supported by the regression model showing a high R 2 value of 86.57%.The aspect ratio of otolith was 1.80±0.14(mean±SD).Results confi rm that the otolith growth refl ects the somatic growth of T.jarbua.The length-weight relationship explained the growth conditions of the fi shes in each location while the overall b value of 2.91 indicates that the condition of T.jarbua grown in Malaysian waters during the study period was generally in good condition.This study contributed to the database on the morphometric data of otolith of T.jarbua as well as the fi rst report on fi sh length-weight relationship for T.jarbua in Malaysia.
