Frequencies of echolocation calls with maximum power of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats and Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats during searching phase were 74.1 and 92.1 kHz, respectively. Head-body length, forearm length and body...Frequencies of echolocation calls with maximum power of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats and Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats during searching phase were 74.1 and 92.1 kHz, respectively. Head-body length, forearm length and body mass of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats were 82.9 mm, 89.7 mm and 59.1 g, respectively; and the corresponding values of Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats were 68.4 mm, 61.3 mm and 19.7 g, respectively. Echolocation frequency and the three parameters of body size, head-body length, forearm length and body mass, were all negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficients were -0.86, -1.58 and -2.19, respectively. This study thereby proved that echolocation frequency and body size were negatively correlated in the two species of hipposiderid bats.展开更多
Although the role of primates in seed dispersal is generally well recognized,this is not the case for colobines,which are widely distributed in Asian and African tropical forests.Colobines consume leaves,seeds and fru...Although the role of primates in seed dispersal is generally well recognized,this is not the case for colobines,which are widely distributed in Asian and African tropical forests.Colobines consume leaves,seeds and fruits,usually unripe.A group of proboscis monkeys(Colobinae,Nasalis larvatus)consisting of 1 alpha-male,6 adult females and several immatures,was observed from May 2005 to May 2006.A total of 400 fecal samples from focal group members covering 13 months were examined,with over 3500 h of focal observation data on the group members in a forest along the Menanggul River,Sabah,Malaysia.Intact small seeds were only found in 23 of 71 samples in Nov 2005,15 of 38 in Dec 2005 and 5 of 21 in Mar 2006.Seeds of Ficus(all<1.5 mm in length)were found in all 3 months and seeds from Antidesma thwaitesianum(all<3 mm)and Nauclea subdita(all<2 mm)only in Nov and Dec,which was consistent with members of the study group consuming fruits of these species mostly at these times.To our knowledge,these are the fi rst records of seeds in the fecal samples of colobines.Even if colobines pass relatively few seeds intact,their high abundance and biomass could make them quantitatively significant in seed dispersal.The potential role of colobines as seed dispersers should be considered by colobine researchers.展开更多
文摘Frequencies of echolocation calls with maximum power of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats and Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats during searching phase were 74.1 and 92.1 kHz, respectively. Head-body length, forearm length and body mass of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats were 82.9 mm, 89.7 mm and 59.1 g, respectively; and the corresponding values of Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats were 68.4 mm, 61.3 mm and 19.7 g, respectively. Echolocation frequency and the three parameters of body size, head-body length, forearm length and body mass, were all negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficients were -0.86, -1.58 and -2.19, respectively. This study thereby proved that echolocation frequency and body size were negatively correlated in the two species of hipposiderid bats.
基金partly financed by HOPE and Human Evolution Project of KUPRI,Grant-in-Aid for challenging Exploratory Research(24657170)Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society。
文摘Although the role of primates in seed dispersal is generally well recognized,this is not the case for colobines,which are widely distributed in Asian and African tropical forests.Colobines consume leaves,seeds and fruits,usually unripe.A group of proboscis monkeys(Colobinae,Nasalis larvatus)consisting of 1 alpha-male,6 adult females and several immatures,was observed from May 2005 to May 2006.A total of 400 fecal samples from focal group members covering 13 months were examined,with over 3500 h of focal observation data on the group members in a forest along the Menanggul River,Sabah,Malaysia.Intact small seeds were only found in 23 of 71 samples in Nov 2005,15 of 38 in Dec 2005 and 5 of 21 in Mar 2006.Seeds of Ficus(all<1.5 mm in length)were found in all 3 months and seeds from Antidesma thwaitesianum(all<3 mm)and Nauclea subdita(all<2 mm)only in Nov and Dec,which was consistent with members of the study group consuming fruits of these species mostly at these times.To our knowledge,these are the fi rst records of seeds in the fecal samples of colobines.Even if colobines pass relatively few seeds intact,their high abundance and biomass could make them quantitatively significant in seed dispersal.The potential role of colobines as seed dispersers should be considered by colobine researchers.
