准确模拟过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)云雾水滴质量分布是最新的结冰适航条款要求,也是当前冰风洞试验技术难点。以14CFR 25部附录O规定冻毛毛雨水滴累计质量分布曲线为目标,在冰风洞中开展过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟研究。...准确模拟过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)云雾水滴质量分布是最新的结冰适航条款要求,也是当前冰风洞试验技术难点。以14CFR 25部附录O规定冻毛毛雨水滴累计质量分布曲线为目标,在冰风洞中开展过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟研究。基于水滴质量分布要求进行大水滴云雾与小水滴云雾匹配性分析,并在FL-61风洞喷雾系统现有条件下开展大水滴喷嘴喷雾性能测量,将生成的具有不同液态水含量(Liquid water content,LWC)和体积中值直径(Medium volume diameter,MVD)特征的云雾参数组合,在试验段中心位置生成了水滴质量分布曲线接近附录O规定的冻毛毛雨条件。研究结果表明,采用分别模拟相应水滴质量分布的大水滴和小水滴云雾,再进行组合喷雾能够较好地预测和指导在冰风洞中构造大水滴云雾,同时验证了在冰风洞内能够采用两种喷嘴模拟水滴质量为双峰分布云雾条件的可行性。展开更多
The simulated methods for ice accretion on two-dimensional airfoil surface are established completely under the Eulerian framework in supercooled large droplet(SLD) conditions. The two-dimensional code to solve the pa...The simulated methods for ice accretion on two-dimensional airfoil surface are established completely under the Eulerian framework in supercooled large droplet(SLD) conditions. The two-dimensional code to solve the partial differential equations(PDEs) of droplet phase is derived to simulate the impingement characteristic of SLD. Also, several semi-empirical models which explain the droplet-wall interaction are compared and discussed to show respective features when simulating the splashing phenomenon. In particular, a new boundary condition for wall called penetrable wall for splashing droplet(PWSD) is proposed to deal with the impingement of SLD on solid surface, which efficiently improves the accuracy of simulation. Then the improved impingement characteristic of SLD is input into the extended mass and heat transfer model to simulate the ice growth on airfoil surface. The multistep advanced method is carried out to better match the physical phenomenon of ice growth. At last, the simulated results of critical parameters: local droplet collection efficiency and the height of ice growth are compared with the experimental data which verify the applicability of proposed models.展开更多
Accurate prediction of droplet impingement on wind turbine blade is one of the most important premises of anti-icing and de-icing system design.In a super-cooled large droplets(SLD)conditions,droplet no longer maintai...Accurate prediction of droplet impingement on wind turbine blade is one of the most important premises of anti-icing and de-icing system design.In a super-cooled large droplets(SLD)conditions,droplet no longer maintains a sphere shape,and it may deform,break up,and splash when moving or impinging on the surface.Semi-empirical models of droplet dynamic behaviours are embedded into the Eulerian droplet model to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation of droplet impingement limits and local collection efficiency.Eulerian droplet model(Model 1)for small droplets and improved Eulerian droplet model(Model 2)for large droplet are both validated by comparing to the wind tunnel experiment results.Using the proposed methods,droplet impingement limitation and local collection efficiency on the S809 airfoil are calculated in various conditions.A detailed derivation of Model 1and Model 2is presented along with a comparison of numerical trajectories,drag coefficient and collection efficiency distributions.The results show that droplet dynamic behaviours,including splashing,break-up and deforming,must be considered to accurately simulate the impingement behaviour in the SLD conditions.And with the increase of the droplet diameters,the effects of the droplet dynamic behaviors on the impingement characteristics are more obvious.展开更多
过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰超出了常规防除冰系统的防护范围,是一种更为严重的结冰情形,极大地影响着飞行安全。在美国联邦航空管理局14 CFR 25.140条款中明确提到为保证飞机在SLD结冰条件下的安全运行,首先且必须...过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰超出了常规防除冰系统的防护范围,是一种更为严重的结冰情形,极大地影响着飞行安全。在美国联邦航空管理局14 CFR 25.140条款中明确提到为保证飞机在SLD结冰条件下的安全运行,首先且必须要对SLD结冰气象环境进行探测。由于水滴破碎会改变水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,而水滴飞溅对结冰极限位置影响不大,因此本文通过研究大、小粒径水滴在飞机上收集范围不同的特点,提出一种可以满足SLD结冰适航符合性的结冰探测技术。该结冰探测技术采用常规结冰探测器,根据水滴收集范围将其布置于不同敏感结冰部位,可以实现全剖面飞行的结冰环境探测。展开更多
文摘准确模拟过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)云雾水滴质量分布是最新的结冰适航条款要求,也是当前冰风洞试验技术难点。以14CFR 25部附录O规定冻毛毛雨水滴累计质量分布曲线为目标,在冰风洞中开展过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟研究。基于水滴质量分布要求进行大水滴云雾与小水滴云雾匹配性分析,并在FL-61风洞喷雾系统现有条件下开展大水滴喷嘴喷雾性能测量,将生成的具有不同液态水含量(Liquid water content,LWC)和体积中值直径(Medium volume diameter,MVD)特征的云雾参数组合,在试验段中心位置生成了水滴质量分布曲线接近附录O规定的冻毛毛雨条件。研究结果表明,采用分别模拟相应水滴质量分布的大水滴和小水滴云雾,再进行组合喷雾能够较好地预测和指导在冰风洞中构造大水滴云雾,同时验证了在冰风洞内能够采用两种喷嘴模拟水滴质量为双峰分布云雾条件的可行性。
文摘The simulated methods for ice accretion on two-dimensional airfoil surface are established completely under the Eulerian framework in supercooled large droplet(SLD) conditions. The two-dimensional code to solve the partial differential equations(PDEs) of droplet phase is derived to simulate the impingement characteristic of SLD. Also, several semi-empirical models which explain the droplet-wall interaction are compared and discussed to show respective features when simulating the splashing phenomenon. In particular, a new boundary condition for wall called penetrable wall for splashing droplet(PWSD) is proposed to deal with the impingement of SLD on solid surface, which efficiently improves the accuracy of simulation. Then the improved impingement characteristic of SLD is input into the extended mass and heat transfer model to simulate the ice growth on airfoil surface. The multistep advanced method is carried out to better match the physical phenomenon of ice growth. At last, the simulated results of critical parameters: local droplet collection efficiency and the height of ice growth are compared with the experimental data which verify the applicability of proposed models.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(″973″Program)(No.2014CB046200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11402114,51506089)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central UniversitiesNanjing University of Aeronautics,and Astronautics Basic Scientific Research Projects for Youth Science(No.NS2014014)
文摘Accurate prediction of droplet impingement on wind turbine blade is one of the most important premises of anti-icing and de-icing system design.In a super-cooled large droplets(SLD)conditions,droplet no longer maintains a sphere shape,and it may deform,break up,and splash when moving or impinging on the surface.Semi-empirical models of droplet dynamic behaviours are embedded into the Eulerian droplet model to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation of droplet impingement limits and local collection efficiency.Eulerian droplet model(Model 1)for small droplets and improved Eulerian droplet model(Model 2)for large droplet are both validated by comparing to the wind tunnel experiment results.Using the proposed methods,droplet impingement limitation and local collection efficiency on the S809 airfoil are calculated in various conditions.A detailed derivation of Model 1and Model 2is presented along with a comparison of numerical trajectories,drag coefficient and collection efficiency distributions.The results show that droplet dynamic behaviours,including splashing,break-up and deforming,must be considered to accurately simulate the impingement behaviour in the SLD conditions.And with the increase of the droplet diameters,the effects of the droplet dynamic behaviors on the impingement characteristics are more obvious.
文摘过冷大水滴(Supercooled large droplet,SLD)结冰超出了常规防除冰系统的防护范围,是一种更为严重的结冰情形,极大地影响着飞行安全。在美国联邦航空管理局14 CFR 25.140条款中明确提到为保证飞机在SLD结冰条件下的安全运行,首先且必须要对SLD结冰气象环境进行探测。由于水滴破碎会改变水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,而水滴飞溅对结冰极限位置影响不大,因此本文通过研究大、小粒径水滴在飞机上收集范围不同的特点,提出一种可以满足SLD结冰适航符合性的结冰探测技术。该结冰探测技术采用常规结冰探测器,根据水滴收集范围将其布置于不同敏感结冰部位,可以实现全剖面飞行的结冰环境探测。
